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Gloor CS, Dénès F, Renaud P. Memory of chirality in reactions involving monoradicals. Free Radic Res 2016; 50:S102-S111. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2016.1232485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrice Dénès
- Universite de Nantes, UFR Science et Techniques - UMR CNRS 6230, 2 rue de la Houssinière, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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2
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Essig S, Menche D. Stereoselective Synthesis of Isochromanones by an Asymmetric Ortho-Lithiation Strategy: Synthetic Access to the Isochromanone Core of the Ajudazols. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1943-66. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Essig
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Menche
- Kekulé-Institut
für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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3
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Geng H, Huang PQ. Versatile and chemoselective transformation of aliphatic and aromatic secondary amides to nitriles. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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4
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Perry MA, Rychnovsky SD. Generation, structure and reactivity of tertiary organolithium reagents. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:517-33. [PMID: 25475042 DOI: 10.1039/c4np00125g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary organolithium reagents have great potential in natural product synthesis. Recent progress in organolithium generation has made them accessible. Their utility and stereoselectivity in synthesis is discussed.
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5
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Li BS, Liu WX, Zhang QW, Wang SH, Zhang FM, Zhang SY, Tu YQ, Cao XP. Direct syntheses of spiro- and fused-hydrofurans by a tunable tandem semipinacol rearrangement/oxa-Michael addition protocol. Chemistry 2013; 19:5246-9. [PMID: 23495122 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A highly chemoselective one-pot reaction has been developed involving a tandem semipinacol rearrangement/oxa-Michael addition sequence in which the in situ generated ketol diene intermediate can be transformed specifically to either the spiro- or fused-dihydrofuran products (see scheme). This one-pot tandem reaction represents a general synthetic methodology for the syntheses of the two different kinds of furan derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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6
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Schnermann MJ, Untiedt NL, Jiménez-Osés G, Houk KN, Overman LE. Forming Tertiary Organolithiums and Organocuprates from Nitrile Precursors and their Bimolecular Reactions with Carbon Electrophiles to Form Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Schnermann MJ, Untiedt NL, Jiménez–Osés G, Houk KN, Overman LE. Forming tertiary organolithiums and organocuprates from nitrile precursors and their bimolecular reactions with carbon electrophiles to form quaternary carbon stereocenters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9581-6. [PMID: 22927041 PMCID: PMC3517041 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. Schnermann
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2025
| | - Nicholas L. Untiedt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2025
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez–Osés
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Kendall N. Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, CA 92697-2025
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8
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Parmar D, Matsubara H, Price K, Spain M, Procter DJ. Lactone Radical Cyclizations and Cyclization Cascades Mediated by SmI2–H2O. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:12751-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3047975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dixit Parmar
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13
9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroshi Matsubara
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate
School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kieran Price
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13
9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Spain
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13
9PL, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13
9PL, United Kingdom
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9
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Perry MA, Morin MD, Slafer BW, Rychnovsky SD. Total synthesis of lepadiformine alkaloids using N-Boc α-amino nitriles as trianion synthons. J Org Chem 2012; 77:3390-400. [PMID: 22413935 DOI: 10.1021/jo300161x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lepadiformine A, B, and C were synthesized in an enantiomerically pure form using a reductive cyclization strategy. N-Boc α-amino nitriles were deprotonated and alkylated with enantiomerically pure dibromides to afford the first ring. The products were manipulated to introduce phosphate leaving groups, and subsequent reductive lithiation followed by intramolecular alkylation formed the second ring with high stereoselectivity. The third ring was formed by intramolecular displacement of a mesylate by the deprotected amine. Lepadiformine A and B contain a hydroxymethyl group adjacent to the amine. This appendage was introduced in a sequence using a Polonovski-Potier reaction as the key step. The synthetic strategy is stereoselective and convergent and demonstrates the utility of N-Boc α-amino nitriles as linchpins for alkaloid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Perry
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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10
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Parmar D, Price K, Spain M, Matsubara H, Bradley PA, Procter DJ. Reductive Cyclization Cascades of Lactones Using SmI2−H2O. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:2418-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1114908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dixit Parmar
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran Price
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Spain
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroshi Matsubara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Paul A. Bradley
- Discovery Chemistry, Pfizer Global R&D, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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11
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Bruch A, Ambrosius A, Fröhlich R, Studer A, Guthrie DB, Zhang H, Curran DP. Memory of Axial Chirality in Aryl Radical Phosphanylations. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:11452-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ja105070k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Achim Bruch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany and Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Andrea Ambrosius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany and Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany and Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany and Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - David B. Guthrie
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany and Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Hanmo Zhang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany and Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Dennis P. Curran
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany and Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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12
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Collins K, Oliveira J, Guazzelli G, Sautier B, De Grazia S, Matsubara H, Helliwell M, Procter D. Selective Reductions of Cyclic 1,3-Diesters by Using SmI2and H2O. Chemistry 2010; 16:10240-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Hogan AML, O’Shea DF. Synthetic applications of carbolithiation transformations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:3839-51. [DOI: 10.1039/b805595e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Abstract
A reductive cyclization strategy was applied to the synthesis of attenol A. This nontraditional approach to the spiroacetal structure illustrated several advantages of the reductive cyclization methodology. The attenol A core was formed in a carbon-carbon bond coupling that gave rise to a previously inaccessible spiroacetal epimer, a new method to synthesize thioketene acetals from a phenyl sulfone was realized, and the configurational stability of a nonanomeric spiroacetal was evaluated. A minor byproduct in the reductive cyclization reaction was identified that for the first time allowed direct evaluation of the stereoselectivity in a reductive cyclization of a dialkyloxy alkyllithium reagent.
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La Cruz TE, Rychnovsky SD. Stereoselectivity of intramolecular SN' cyclizations of alkyllithium reagents on methoxy alkenes. J Org Chem 2006; 71:1068-73. [PMID: 16438522 PMCID: PMC2496923 DOI: 10.1021/jo052166u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cyclization of alkyllithium reagents onto methoxy alkenes has been investigated. The alkyllithium reagent was generated by reductive lithiation of an alkyl nitrile. In an unbiased substrate, a methoxy leaving group attached to a stereogenic secondary carbon atom led to the cyclization product with high optical purity. The configuration of the product demonstrated that the cyclization had proceeded with high syn-S(N)' selectivity. Previously we have shown that 2-lithiotetrahydropyran reagents cyclize to form spirocycles with the alkene cis to the pyran oxygen. Substrates were prepared to evaluate the importance of the configuration of the secondary allyl methyl ether against the alpha-alkoxy alkyllithium configuration. In the matched case (cyano acetal 38), a very selective cyclization ensued. In the mismatched case (cyano acetal 39), the spiro ether selectivity dominated. The syn-S(N)' selectivity overcame the normal E selectivity in the cyclization and accounted for the major product, Z-alkene 45. Thus the stereochemical preference in these alkyllithium cyclizations is dominated by the spiroether effect, followed by the syn-S(N)' selectivity and finally the preference for E-alkene formation.
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Hobson SJ, Marquez R. Stereocontrolled synthesis of highly functionalised spirocyclic pyrans. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:3808-14. [PMID: 17024288 DOI: 10.1039/b611737f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly functionalized spirocyclic pyrans can be obtained through the Achmatowicz rearrangement of furyl carbinols by taking advantage of the different rates of reaction for epoxidation and nucleophilic addition. Through this methodology, spirocyclic units of various ring sizes can be selectively generated with complete stereocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Hobson
- WestCHEM, Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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17
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Wolckenhauer SA, Rychnovsky SD. Stereochemical course of the reductive spiroannulations of N-Boc and N-benzyl 2-cyanopiperidines. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Yus M, Ortiz R, Huerta FF. Intramolecular carbolithiation promoted by a DTBB-catalysed chlorine–lithium exchange. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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21
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Yus M, Ortiz R, Huerta FF. DTBB-catalysed lithiation of 6-chloro-1-hexene and related systems: synthetically useful temperature-dependent behaviour. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Enantiomerically enriched alpha-amino-organolithium species, in which the lithium atom is attached to a stereogenic carbon centre, have been found to be chemically stable at room temperature in a solvent of very low polarity and undergo intramolecular carbolithiation onto an unactivated alkene. The configurational stability of the chiral organolithium species, bearing a variety of N-alkenyl substituents, was probed by studying the enantiomeric purity of the cyclization products. With N-but-3-enyl-2-lithiopyrrolidine, cyclization to the five-membered ring is more rapid than racemization and a high yield of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid (+)-pseudoheliotridane was obtained with no loss of optical purity. In contrast, with N-pent-4-enyl-2-lithiopyrrolidine, cyclization to the six-membered ring was found to occur with significant loss of optical purity. The cyclization to the six-membered ring was determined to occur with a half-life, t(1/2) approximately 90 min at 23 degrees C. The epimerization of this organolithium species in hexane/Et2O 4:1 was calculated to have a half-life, t(1/2) approximately 30 min at 23 degrees C. Enhanced levels of enantioselectivity for the formation of the indolizidine ring system were obtained using an alkene bearing a terminal phenylthio substituent. With N-[(3-phenylthio)-prop-2-enyl]-2-lithiopyrrolidine, cyclization to the four-membered ring occurs with poor enantioselectivity at low temperature in THF but is highly enantioselective at room temperature in a solvent of very low polarity.
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