1
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Fulton BB, Hartzell AJ, Dias HVR, Lovely CJ. Room Temperature Diels-Alder Reactions of 4-Vinylimidazoles. Molecules 2024; 29:1902. [PMID: 38675720 PMCID: PMC11053432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the course of studying Diels-Alder reactions of 4-vinylimidazoles with N-phenylmaleimide, it was discovered that they engage in cycloaddition at room temperature to give high yields of the initial cycloadduct as a single stereoisomer. In certain cases, the product precipitated out of the reaction mixture and could be isolated by simple filtration, thereby avoiding issues with aromatization observed during chromatographic purification. Given these results, intramolecular variants using doubly activated dienophiles were also investigated at room temperature. Amides underwent cycloaddition at room temperature in modest yields, but the initial adducts were not isolable with Nimid-benzyl-protected systems. Attempts to extend these results to the corresponding esters and hydroxamate were less successful with these substrates only undergoing cycloaddition at elevated temperatures in lower yields. Density functional theory calculations were performed to evaluate the putative transition states for both the inter- and intramolecular variants to rationalize experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carl J. Lovely
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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2
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Nájera C, Sansano JM, Yus M. Diels-Alder reactions of 1-amino-1,3-dienes and related systems. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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3
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4
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J. Lovely C, Ray A, Mukherjee S, Das J, Bhandari M, Herath A, Yousufuddin M. Heterosubstituted 4-Vinylimidazoles – Preparation and Diels-Alder Reactions. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(f)27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Ray A, Yousufuddin M, Gout D, Lovely CJ. Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reaction of a Silyl-Substituted Vinylimidazole en Route to the Fully Substituted Cyclopentane Core of Oroidin Dimers. Org Lett 2018; 20:5964-5968. [PMID: 30192150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of a silyl-substituted vinylimidazole delivers a diastereomeric mixture of C4-silyl functionalized dihydrobenzimidazoles. Subsequent diastereoselective reduction and elaboration of the lactone gives rise to a polysubstituted tetrahydrobenzimidazole, which, upon oxidative rearrangement, affords a single spirofused imidazolone containing all of the relevant functionality for an approach to the oroidin dimers axinellamine, massadine, and palau'amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Ray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas-Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019-0065 , United States
| | - Muhammed Yousufuddin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas-Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019-0065 , United States
| | - Delphine Gout
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas-Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019-0065 , United States
| | - Carl J Lovely
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Texas-Arlington , Arlington , Texas 76019-0065 , United States
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6
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Ma Z, Chen C. Natural products as inspiration for the development of new synthetic methods. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018; 65:43-59. [PMID: 29430058 PMCID: PMC5800783 DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201700134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have played an important role in shaping modern synthetic organic chemistry. In particular, their complex molecular skeletons have stimulated the development of many new synthetic methods. We highlight in this article some recent examples of synthetic design inspired by the biosynthesis of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chuo Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, USA
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7
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Sandtorv AH, Bjørsvik HR. Scope and Mechanistic Limitations of a Sonogashira Coupling Reaction on an Imidazole Backbone. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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8
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Ray A, Mukherjee S, Das J, Bhandari MK, Du H, Yousufuddin M, Lovely CJ. Preparation and Diels-Alder reactions of 1'-heterosubsituted vinylimidazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:3518-3522. [PMID: 26139945 PMCID: PMC4484863 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A Diels-Alder/rearrangement sequence has been pursued in our lab en route to a number of oroidin dimers. In order to access the fully substituted core of these molecules, 1',2'-disubstituted 4-vinylimidazoles were required as dienes. The preparation of a series of a 4-vinylimidazoles containing substituents on the vinyl moiety via hydroalumination/electrophilic trapping or hydrosilylation are described. These derivatives undergo Diels-Alder reactions with N-phenylmaleimide to provide the tetrahydrobenzimidazole derivatives. The cycloadducts derived from halosubstituted systems generally undergo elimination, leading to the corresponding dihydrobenzimidazole, whereas the silyl and stannyl derivatives provide the corresponding 4-substituted tetrahydrobenzimidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Ray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington,
Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, USA
| | - Sabuj Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington,
Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, USA
| | - Jayanta Das
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington,
Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, USA
| | - Manoj K. Bhandari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington,
Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, USA
| | - Hongwang Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington,
Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, USA
| | - Muhammed Yousufuddin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington,
Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, USA
| | - Carl J. Lovely
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington,
Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, USA
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9
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Sandtorv AH, Törnroos KW, Bjørsvik HR. Stille Cross-Coupling for the Functionalization of the Imidazole Backbone: Revisit, Improvement, and Applications of the Method. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Naturally occurring guanidine derivatives frequently display medicinally useful properties. Among them, the higher order pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids, the dragmacidins, the crambescidins/batzelladines, and the saxitoxins/tetradotoxins have stimulated the development of many new synthetic methods over the past decades. We provide here an overview of the syntheses of these cyclic guanidine-containing natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyong Ma
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, U T Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Saptarshi De
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, U T Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Chuo Chen
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, U T Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
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11
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Wang X, Ma Z, Wang X, De S, Ma Y, Chen C. Dimeric pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids: synthetic approaches and biosynthetic hypotheses. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:8628-39. [PMID: 24828265 PMCID: PMC4096073 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02290d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids are a group of structurally unique and biologically interesting marine sponge metabolites. Among them, the cyclic dimers have caught synthetic chemists' attention particularly. Numerous synthetic strategies have been developed and various biosynthetic hypotheses have been proposed for these fascinating natural products. We discuss herein the synthetic approaches and the biosynthetic insights obtained from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, USA.
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12
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Lima H, Sivappa R, Yousufuddin M, Lovely CJ. Total synthesis of 7'-desmethylkealiiquinone, 4'-desmethoxykealiiquinone, and 2-deoxykealiiquinone. J Org Chem 2014; 79:2481-90. [PMID: 24533685 PMCID: PMC3986028 DOI: 10.1021/jo4027337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic approaches to the imidazonaphthoquinone core of kealiiquinone and related Leucetta-derived alkaloids are described. The polysubstituted benzimidazole framework can be constructed through intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions of propiolate-derived enynes followed by oxidation. Adjustment of the oxidation state of the thus formed lactone allows introduction of the 2,3-dihydroxybenzoquinone moiety through a presumed benzoin-like condensation between a phthaldehyde derivative and a masked glyoxal equivalent catalyzed by a cyanide ion. Oxidation of the C2-position can be accomplished through application of an operationally simple treatment of an imidazolium salt with bleach, thus producing the corresponding 2-imidazolone. Debenzylation of a late stage intermediate en route to kealiiquinone was compromised by concomitant O-demethylation upon treatment with triflic acid resulting in the formation of non-natural 7'-desmethylkealiiquinone. Other endgame strategies were evaluated; however, these efforts did not lead to completion of a synthesis of kealiiquinone but did provide access to other closely related analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather
M. Lima
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, United States
| | | | - Muhammed Yousufuddin
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, United States
| | - Carl J. Lovely
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065, United States
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13
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Synthesis, structure–activity relationship studies, and identification of novel 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine derivatives as dual orexin receptor antagonists. Part 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:2212-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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14
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Wang X, Wang X, Tan X, Lu J, Cormier KW, Ma Z, Chen C. A biomimetic route for construction of the [4+2] and [3+2] core skeletons of dimeric pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids and asymmetric synthesis of ageliferins. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:18834-42. [PMID: 23072663 DOI: 10.1021/ja309172t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids have fascinated chemists for decades because of their unique structures. The high nitrogen and halogen contents and the densely functionalized skeletons make their laboratory synthesis challenging. We describe herein an oxidative method for accessing the core skeletons of two classes of pyrrole-imidazole dimers. This synthetic strategy was inspired by the putative biosynthesis pathways and its development was facilitated by computational studies. Using this method, we have successfully prepared ageliferin, bromoageliferin, and dibromoageliferin in their natural enantiomeric form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390-9038, United States
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15
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Lima HM, Sivappa R, Yousufuddin M, Lovely CJ. Total synthesis of 7'-desmethylkealiiquinone. Org Lett 2012; 14:2274-7. [PMID: 22530654 DOI: 10.1021/ol300704w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of an analogue of the marine alkaloid kealiiquinone has been completed through application of an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of an imidazole-containing enyne. Oxidative aromatization of the lactone adduct and N-methylation facilitates C2-oxidation via the imidazolium salt. Conversion of the lactone to the phthalaldehyde derivative and then to the dihydroxybenzoquinone was achieved via a reaction with glyoxal in the presence of KCN. Esterification of the vinylogous diacid and deprotection provided 7'-desmethylkealiiquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Lima
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
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16
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Jiang B, Wang J, Huang ZG. Studies toward the Total Synthesis of Nagelamide K. Org Lett 2012; 14:2070-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3005886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China, and Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jue Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China, and Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zuo-gang Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China, and Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
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17
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Lithiation-Based and Magnesation-Based Strategies for the Functionalization of Imidazole: 2001–2010. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2012_73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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18
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Breder A, Chinigo GM, Waltman AW, Carreira EM. Towards the Synthesis of Massadine: A Unified Strategy for the Stereoselective Synthesis of the Carbocyclic C,D-Ring Subunit. Chemistry 2011; 17:12405-16. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Abstract
We describe herein an asymmetric synthesis of ageliferin. A Mn(III)-mediated oxidative radical cyclization reaction was used as the key step to construct the core skeleton of this pyrrole-imidazole dimer. This approach resembles the biogenic [4 + 2] dimerization in an intramolecular fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
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20
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He Y, Krishnamoorthy P, Lima HM, Chen Y, Wu H, Sivappa R, Dias HVR, Lovely CJ. Intramolecular Diels–Alder chemistry of 4-vinylimidazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:2685-701. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00657b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Namba K, Inai M, Sundermeier U, Greshock TJ, Williams RM. Synthetic Studies on Palau'amine. Construction of the Cyclopentane Core via an Asymmetric 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition. Tetrahedron Lett 2010; 51:6557-6559. [PMID: 21286237 PMCID: PMC3030269 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The cyclopentane core of palau'amine has been constructed in optically pure form through the use of an asymmetric azomethine ylid [1,3]-dipolar cycloaddition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Namba
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1301 Center Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Makto Inai
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1301 Center Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Uta Sundermeier
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1301 Center Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Thomas J. Greshock
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1301 Center Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Robert M. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1301 Center Avenue, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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22
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Chinigo GM, Breder A, Carreira EM. Ugi-4-Component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to the Core Fragment of Massadine. Org Lett 2010; 13:78-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102577q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary M. Chinigo
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Breder
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Erick M. Carreira
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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23
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Ma Z, Lu J, Wang X, Chen C. Revisiting the Kinnel-Scheuer hypothesis for the biosynthesis of palau'amine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 47:427-9. [PMID: 20848010 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02214d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We propose herein an alternative biosynthetic pathway for palau'amine in order to resolve the stereochemical issue from the original Kinnel-Scheuer hypothesis. Furthermore, we use this revised hypothesis as a guide toward the laboratory synthesis of palau'amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
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24
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Jacobi N, Lindel T. Assembly of the Bis(imidazolyl)propene Core of Nagelamides C and S by Double Grignard Reaction. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Gaich
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, 92037 La Jolla, California
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, 92037 La Jolla, California
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26
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Cotterill LJ, Harrington RW, Clegg W, Hall MJ. Thermal 1,3-Trityl Migrations in Diels−Alder Domino Reactions of 1-Trityl-4-vinyl-1H-imidazoles. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4604-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100416c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ross W. Harrington
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - William Clegg
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Michael J. Hall
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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27
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Bellina F, Rossi R. Regioselective Functionalization of the Imidazole Ring via Transition Metal-Catalyzed CN and CC Bond Forming Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Seiple IB, Su S, Young IS, Lewis CA, Yamaguchi J, Baran PS. Total synthesis of palau'amine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:1095-8. [PMID: 20041464 PMCID: PMC3367661 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200907112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian S. Young
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10650 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-784-7375
| | - Chad A. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10650 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-784-7375
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10650 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-784-7375
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10650 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037 (USA), Fax: (+1) 858-784-7375
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29
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J. Lovely C, Sivappa R, Mukherjee S, Doundoulakis T, M. Lima H, Yousufuddin M. Efficient Preparation of Urocanic Acid Derivatives from Histidine. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/com-09-s(s)127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Seiple I, Su S, Young I, Lewis C, Yamaguchi J, Baran P. Total Synthesis of Palau’amine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200907112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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31
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Delest B, Nshimyumukiza P, Fasbender O, Tinant B, Marchand-Brynaert J, Darro F, Robiette R. Divergent and Regioselective Synthesis of 1,2,4- and 1,2,5-Trisubstituted Imidazoles. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6816-23. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801256b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Delest
- Chemistry Department, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Unibioscreen SA, 40 avenue Joseph Wibran, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Prosper Nshimyumukiza
- Chemistry Department, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Unibioscreen SA, 40 avenue Joseph Wibran, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Fasbender
- Chemistry Department, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Unibioscreen SA, 40 avenue Joseph Wibran, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Tinant
- Chemistry Department, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Unibioscreen SA, 40 avenue Joseph Wibran, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacqueline Marchand-Brynaert
- Chemistry Department, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Unibioscreen SA, 40 avenue Joseph Wibran, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francis Darro
- Chemistry Department, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Unibioscreen SA, 40 avenue Joseph Wibran, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raphaël Robiette
- Chemistry Department, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium, and Unibioscreen SA, 40 avenue Joseph Wibran, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
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32
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Smith CD, Batey RA. Scandium triflate and secondary amine promoted AA′B 2:1 coupling and formal inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reactions of dienals. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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33
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Sivappa R, Hernandez NM, He Y, Lovely CJ. Studies toward the Total Synthesis of Axinellamine and Massadine. Org Lett 2007; 9:3861-4. [PMID: 17803309 DOI: 10.1021/ol0711568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions of several N-O linked 4-vinylimidazole dimers provide the expected adduct in moderate to good yield as a single, all trans stereoisomer, along with smaller amounts of the inverse electron demand adduct. Oxidative rearrangement of the cycloadducts occurs on treatment with Davis' reagent, providing a single spiro imidazolone in good yield and with excellent levels of stereocontrol albeit epimeric at the spiro center found in axinellamine and massadine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasapalli Sivappa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
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34
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Jadhav HS, Talawar MB, Sivabalan R, Dhavale DD, Asthana SN, Krishnamurthy VN. Synthesis, characterization and thermolysis studies on new derivatives of 2,4,5-trinitroimidazoles: potential insensitive high energy materials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2007; 143:192-7. [PMID: 17097226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 09/03/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis of three new derivatives of 2,4,5-trinitroimidazole namely, 1-methyl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole (III), 1-carboethoxy-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole (V) and 1-picryl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole (VII). The title compounds (III) and (V) were synthesized by the nitration of 1-methyl-/1-carboethoxy-(2,4,5-triiodoimidazole) (II and IV) with fuming nitric acid at 0 degrees C and (VII) was synthesized by condensation of 2,4,5-triiodoimidazole (I) with picryl chloride to obtain 1-picryl-2,4,5-triiodoimidazole (VI) followed by its nitration with fuming nitric acid at 0 degrees C. The synthesized compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, spectral and thermal techniques. The thermolysis studies using TG-DTA revealed exothermic decomposition of the nitroimidazoles (III, V and VII) with T(max) in the temperature range of 196-225 degrees C. The energy of activation obtained for these compounds was in the range 150-170 kJ/mol. The sensitivity data obtained for the newly synthesized compounds (III, V and VII) indicated their safe nature towards external stimuli (h(50%)>100 cm; friction>36 kg) and could be potential candidates for low vulnerable applications in the futuristic systems. The theoretically predicted performance parameters suggest that 1-methyl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole (III), exhibits higher velocity of detonation (VOD: 8.8 km/s) compared to compounds V and VII (VOD: 7.6 and 8.41 km/s, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, Pune 411 007, India
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35
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Lovely CJ, Du H, Sivappa R, Bhandari MR, He Y, Dias HVR. Preparation and Diels−Alder Chemistry of 4-Vinylimidazoles. J Org Chem 2007; 72:3741-9. [PMID: 17425369 DOI: 10.1021/jo0626008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Various 4-vinylimidazole derivatives have been prepared from the corresponding 4-iodoimidazoles or from urocanic acid. Several methods for the elaboration of these vinylimidazoles and their Diels-Alder reactions are reported. All of the vinylimidazoles prepared in the course of this study react with N-phenylmaleimide quite readily with mild thermal activation providing a single cycloadduct, in most cases the initial, nonaromatic adduct. With more electron rich substrates, there is a tendency for these initial cycloadducts to undergo aromatization, ene reaction, and oxidation although this can be circumvented to a large extent by the choice of reaction conditions. Limited reactions were observed with other dienophiles, providing the expected cycloadducts in most cases, although an abnormal adduct was obtained in one case with dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate. These substrates also participate in regioselective Diels-Alder reactions with monoactivated dienophiles, but require fairly forcing conditions, thus only providing the aromatized cycloadducts in modest yields. An investigation of substituent effects at the 2-position of the imidazole moiety was undertaken, in which electron-donating and weakly electron-withdrawing substituents are tolerated. In addition, several substrates with terminally substituted vinyl moieties have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl J Lovely
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, P.O. Box 19065, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
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36
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Krishnamoorthy P, Sivappa R, Du H, Lovely CJ. Palladium-catalyzed substitution reactions of 4-allylimidazole derivatives. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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37
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Kawasaki I, Sakaguchi N, Khadeer A, Yamashita M, Ohta S. Homonuclear Diels–Alder dimerization of 5-ethenyl-2-phenylsulfanyl-1H-imidazoles and its application to synthesis of 12,12′-dimethylageliferin. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Schnürch M, Flasik R, Khan AF, Spina M, Mihovilovic MD, Stanetty P. Cross‐Coupling Reactions on Azoles with Two and More Heteroatoms. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schnürch
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9/163‐OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria, Fax: +43‐1‐58801‐15499
| | - Radoslav Flasik
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9/163‐OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria, Fax: +43‐1‐58801‐15499
| | - Ather Farooq Khan
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9/163‐OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria, Fax: +43‐1‐58801‐15499
| | - Markus Spina
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9/163‐OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria, Fax: +43‐1‐58801‐15499
| | - Marko D. Mihovilovic
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9/163‐OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria, Fax: +43‐1‐58801‐15499
| | - Peter Stanetty
- Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Getreidemarkt 9/163‐OC, 1060 Vienna, Austria, Fax: +43‐1‐58801‐15499
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39
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Wang S, Dilley AS, Poullennec KG, Romo D. Planned and unplanned halogenations in route to selected oroidin alkaloids. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.01.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Dransfield PJ, Dilley AS, Wang S, Romo D. A unified synthetic strategy toward oroidin-derived alkaloids premised on a biosynthetic proposal. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Dransfield PJ, Wang S, Dilley A, Romo D. Highly regioselective Diels-Alder reactions toward oroidin alkaloids: use of a tosylvinyl moiety as a nitrogen masking group with adjustable electronics. Org Lett 2006; 7:1679-82. [PMID: 15844879 DOI: 10.1021/ol0473602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The use of the p-toluenesulfonyl (Ts) and tosylvinyl (Tsv) groups as nitrogen masking groups imparted high regioselectivity in Diels-Alder reactions directed toward members of the oroidin-derived marine alkaloid family. The electron-withdrawing Tsv group was utilized as an electronically adjustable nitrogen-protecting group as subsequent hydrogenation provided the more electron-rich tosylethyl (Tse) group. This electronic adjustment strategy avoided a protecting group exchange and provided the required electronics for the key chlorination/ring-contraction sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Dransfield
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A and M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77843-3012, USA
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42
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Ila H, Baron O, Wagner AJ, Knochel P. Preparation and Reactions of Heteroaryl Organomagnesium Compounds. CHEM LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2006.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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43
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Ila H, Baron O, Wagner AJ, Knochel P. Functionalized magnesium organometallics as versatile intermediates for the synthesis of polyfunctional heterocycles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:583-93. [PMID: 16446819 DOI: 10.1039/b510866g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, we have demonstrated that the halogen/magnesium-exchange reaction is a unique method for preparing a variety of new functionalized aryl, alkenyl, heteroaryl magnesium compounds which has considerably extended the range of functionalized Grignard reagents available for synthetic purposes. A variety of functional groups such as an ester, nitrile, iodide, imine and even sensitive groups like nitro, hydroxyl and boronic ester can be tolerated in these organomagnesium compounds. We wish to describe the application of this halogen/magnesium-exchange reaction for the preparation of a broad range of five- and six-membered functionalized heteroaryl magnesium compounds and their reactions with various electrophiles providing a new entry to a range of polyfunctional heterocycles such as thiophene, furan, pyrrole, imidazole, thiazole, antipyrine, pyridine, quinoline and uracil derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiriyakkanavar Ila
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208016, India
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44
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Katz JD, Overman LE. Studies towards the total synthesis of palau'amine. Formation of 4,5-dihydropyrrole-2-carboxylate intermediates by alkene–enamide ring-closing metathesis. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.06.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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He Y, Chen Y, Du H, Schmid LA, Lovely CJ. A convenient synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted imidazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Knochel P, Dohle W, Gommermann N, Kneisel FF, Kopp F, Korn T, Sapountzis I, Vu VA. Highly functionalized organomagnesium reagents prepared through halogen-metal exchange. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2004; 42:4302-20. [PMID: 14502700 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200300579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 643] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organomagnesium reagents occupy a central position in synthetic organic and organometallic chemistry. Recently, the halogen-magnesium exchange has considerably extended the range of functionalized Grignard reagents available for synthetic purposes. Functional groups such as esters, nitriles, iodides, imines, or even nitro groups can be present in a wide range of aromatic and heterocyclic organomagnesium reagents. Also various highly functionalized alkenyl magnesium species can be prepared. These recent developments as well as new applications of organomagnesium reagents in cross-coupling reactions and amination reactions will be covered in this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, Haus F, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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47
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Lovely CJ, Du H, He Y, Rasika Dias HV. Oxidative Rearrangement of Imidazoles with Dimethyldioxirane. Org Lett 2004; 6:735-8. [PMID: 14986962 DOI: 10.1021/ol036403w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydrobenzimidazoles, on treatment with dimethyldioxirane, rearrange to provide 5-imidazolones exclusively. These rearrangements proceed with a broad range of substrates and with good to excellent levels of diastereoselectivity. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl J Lovely
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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48
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He Y, Chen Y, Wu H, Lovely CJ. Intramolecular Diels−Alder Reactions of 4-Vinylimidazoles. Org Lett 2003; 5:3623-6. [PMID: 14507188 DOI: 10.1021/ol0352862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The synthesis of a variety of unsaturated ethers, esters, and amides derived from urocanic acid and their Diels-Alder reactions are reported. Propargylic ethers and esters cyclize with reasonable efficiencies, but the related mono- and unactivated olefins did not cyclize. On the other hand, the corresponding amines and amides, along with the doubly activated ester/amide derivatives participate in the cycloaddition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
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49
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Chen Y, Dias H, Lovely CJ. Synthesis of fused bicyclic imidazoles by ring-closing metathesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)02864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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J. Lovely C, Du H, V. Rasika Dias H. Regioselective Synthesis of 1-Benzyl- and 1-Methyl-4-vinylimidazole and Their Reactions with N-Phenylmaleimide. HETEROCYCLES 2003. [DOI: 10.3987/com-02-9598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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