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Halder N, Jana M, Kottekad S, Usharani D, Rath H. Metalloceneincorporated Hybrid Singly N-Methyl N-Confused Calixphyrins: Synthesis, Characterization, Protonation and Deprotonation Studies. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200108. [PMID: 35312224 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rational design and isolation of two hitherto unknown highly stable single conformer of ferrocene incorporated meso-aryl substituted singly N-methyl N-confused-calixphyrins have been achieved in quantitative yields. The solid-state crystal structure reveals the obvious trans-geometry for the meso-protons with the possibility for both the macrocycles to exist either racemic or enantiomer forms. However, thorough solution-state spectroscopic characterization strongly concludes the experimental isolation of a single isomer for both the macrocycles. The drastic modification of UV-vis spectral patterns upon imine pyrrole N protonation and amine pyrrole NH deprotonation of both the calixphyrins could pave way for these macrocycles to act as opto-electronic materials. The conformational preorganization and protonation and deprotonation induced conformational reorganization have been extensively studied by solution state spectroscopic techniques, solid state X-ray crystal structure and in depth DFT level theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyancy Halder
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Manik Jana
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sanjay Kottekad
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory Institution, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 700020, Karnataka, India
| | - Dandamudi Usharani
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory Institution, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 700020, Karnataka, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-HRDC, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harapriya Rath
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A/2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
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Chen L, Liu D, Wu M, Chau HF, Wang K, Fung YH, Wong KL, Wang Z, Wu F. Photodynamic and photothermal synergistic behavior of triphenylamine-porphyrin nanoparticles for DNA interaction, cellular cytotoxicity and localization. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:315101. [PMID: 32252029 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab86ea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, amphiphilic conjugated triphenylamine-porphyrins TPA-Por-TPA and TPA-Por were designed and synthesized. The water-soluble nanostructures TPA-Por-TPA NPs and TPA-Por NPs spontaneously assembled after π-π stacking, which can be changed by improving the internal transfer ability of electrons. The intercalation and external binding modes of these free porphyrins and nanoporphyrins interacting with ct-DNA were confirmed by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was studied by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate, demonstrating that the rate of production of ROS is TPA-Por-TPA NPs > TPA-Por-TPA > TPA-Por NPs > TPA-Por. In addition, the structure of the NP enhanced the acceptor-donor conjugated structure, resulting in fluorescence quenching and promoting non-radiative heat generation. The photothermal conversion efficiencies of the TPA-Por-TPA NPs and TPA-Por NPs were measured and calculated to be 34.89% and 37.99%, respectively. At the same time, the three nanomaterials showed good photocytotoxicity, and the IC50 of the TPA-Por-TPA NPs and TPA-Por NPs was 32.18 and 36.62 μg ml-1, respectively, at 10 min after laser irradiation. The cellular uptake and subcellular localization of these NPs were further evaluated through a confocal laser scanning microscope. The results showed that the conjugated NPs have good biocompatibility properties in the cancer cells. These properties make it possible for triphenylamine porphyrin NPs to become photosensitizers for the photodynamic and photothermal synergistic treatment of tumors, and have potential prospects for applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
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Halder N, Sangeetha M, Usharani D, Rath H. meso-Aryl substituted stable unorthodox 5,10-porphodimethenes with α,β and β,β-N-methyl pyrrole connectivities: synthesis and spectroscopic, solid state and theoretical characterization. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6131-6135. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01062a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
meso-Aryl substituted highly stable single conformers of doubly mutant porphodimethenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyancy Halder
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
| | - Mohandas Sangeetha
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
- Mysuru 700020
- India
| | - Dandamudi Usharani
- Department of Food Safety and Analytical Quality Control Laboratory
- CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute
- Mysuru 700020
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (ACSIR)
| | - Harapriya Rath
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata
- India
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4
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Singhal A. Functional Calixphyrins: Synthetic Strategies and Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:21. [PMID: 29721703 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Calixphyrins are hybrid macrocycles that contain both sp2- and sp3-hybridized carbon atoms and hence bear analogy to both porphyrins and calixpyrroles. Due to the presence of sp3-hybridized carbon atoms, π-conjugation is disrupted in calixphyrins, which leads to conformational flexibility. Hence, these molecules find a use in anion binding, host-guest chemistry and metal-coordination chemistry. During the last decade, studies on calixphyrins have been a topic of wide interest to researchers. Various functionalities have been introduced to the structure of calixphyrins, leading to the development of expanded calixphyrins, core-modified calixphyrins and N-confused calixphyrins with diverse applications. This review outlines the detailed historical origin of the synthesis of calixphyrins with emphasis on current research and development in this area. The modular syntheses of normal calixphyrins, expanded calixphyrins, core-modified calixphyrins and N-confused calixphyrins are also discussed, along with their applicative aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchal Singhal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India.
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Guchhait T, Jha VK, Mani G. The syn and anti isomers of the porphyrinogen-like precursor of calix[4]phyrin: isolation, X-ray structure, anion binding and fluoride-ion-mediated proton-deuterium exchange studies. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2818-26. [PMID: 23487183 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40147b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrinogen-like precursors of calix[4]phyrins are presumed to be unstable owing to their auto-oxidation. In contrast to this, the syn and the anti isomers of a calix[4]pyrrole molecule containing pyridine moieties at the meso positions were isolated and their structures were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Both the isomers gave the same calix[4]phyrin molecule upon oxidation. The anion binding properties of both the isomers were studied in DMSO-d6 by the EQNMR method, which showed that they have a preference of binding with the F(-) ion over the other large sized halide and oxo anions. In addition, the F(-) ion mediated H/D exchange process was monitored by the (19)F NMR method. The solution state structures of the 1 : 1 F(-) ion complexes containing deuterium atoms formed by a random but sequential substitution of NH protons by deuterium atoms were identified from their multiplicity patterns observed in the proton coupled (19)F NMR spectrum, which are supported by the proton decoupled (19)F NMR spectrum showing one singlet for each type of F(-) ion complex in solution for both the syn and anti isomers, correlating with their solid state structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India 721 302
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6
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Eftekhari-Sis B, Zirak M, Akbari A. Arylglyoxals in Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2958-3043. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300176g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Eftekhari-Sis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Maragheh, Golshahr,
P.O. Box. 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Maryam Zirak
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran,
Iran
| | - Ali Akbari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, University of Maragheh, Golshahr,
P.O. Box. 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
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Beyzavi MH, Lentz D, Reissig HU, Wiehe A. Synthesis of Functionalized, Sterically Congested Calix[4]phyrin Macrocycles Using Donor-Acceptor-Substituted Cyclopropanes - First Example of a Mono-meso-spirolactone Incorporated into a Calix[4]phyrin. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pistner AJ, Yap GPA, Rosenthal J. A Tetrapyrrole Macrocycle Displaying a Multielectron Redox Chemistry and Tunable Absorbance Profile. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2012; 116:16918-168924. [PMID: 22993642 PMCID: PMC3443682 DOI: 10.1021/jp3059382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrins are attractive chromophores for incorporation into light harvesting devices. Some of the most efficient porphyrin derivatives in this regard are synthetically complex platforms with specially tailored electronic properties. This work details the unique geometric and electronic structure of the phlorin framework. X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy demonstrate that unlike typical tetrapyrrole macrocycles, the phlorin is not aromatic. These unusual electronics are manifest in distinct photophysical and redox properties, as the phlorin displays a rich multielectron redox chemistry. The phlorin also displays an intriguing supramolecular chemistry and can reversibly bind up to two equivalents of fluoride in cooperative fashion. Accordingly, this synthetically accessible sensitizer displays a rich multielectron redox chemistry, excellent spectral coverage and an intriguing anion binding chemistry that distinguishes this system from more commonly studied porphyrinoids.
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Ramakrishnan S, Anju KS, Thomas AP, Gowri Sreedevi KC, Salini PS, Derry Holaday MG, Suresh E, Srinivasan A. ansa-Ferrocene-Incorporated Calixpyrroles and Calixphyrins: Syntheses and Spectral/Structural Characterization. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300004m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ramakrishnan
- Photosciences
and Photonics
Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST−CSIR), Thiruvananthapuram−695019, Kerala, India
| | - K. S. Anju
- Photosciences
and Photonics
Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST−CSIR), Thiruvananthapuram−695019, Kerala, India
| | - Ajesh P. Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar−751005, Odisha, India
| | - K. C. Gowri Sreedevi
- Photosciences
and Photonics
Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST−CSIR), Thiruvananthapuram−695019, Kerala, India
| | - P. S. Salini
- Photosciences
and Photonics
Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST−CSIR), Thiruvananthapuram−695019, Kerala, India
| | - M. G. Derry Holaday
- Photosciences
and Photonics
Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST−CSIR), Thiruvananthapuram−695019, Kerala, India
| | - Eringathodi Suresh
- Analytical Science Discipline, Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute (CSMCRI-CSIR), G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar−364002, Gujarat, India
| | - A. Srinivasan
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar−751005, Odisha, India
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Abstract
Contemporary methods for the modification of porphyrins are presented. In association with the Third International Conference on Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines (ICPP-3) a survey of current method developments and reactivity studies is made. The review focuses on synthetic transformations of porphyrins currently in use for various applications and on functional group transformations. A brief survey of important developments covers selectively the literature from late 2001 to early 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias O. Senge
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Julia Richter
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Golm, Germany
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Moonsin P, Sirithip K, Jungsuttiwong S, Keawin T, Sudyoadsuk T, Promarak V. meso-Multi(iodophenyl) porphyrins: synthesis, isolation, and identification. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Kojima T, Hanabusa K, Ohkubo K, Shiro M, Fukuzumi S. Formation of dodecaphenylporphodimethene via facile protonation of saddle-distorted dodecaphenylporphyrin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:6513-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b816063e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Sergeeva NN, Shaker YM, Finnigan EM, McCabe T, Senge MO. Synthesis of hydroporphyrins based on comparative studies of palladium-catalyzed and non-catalyzed approaches. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Iron octamethylporphyrinogens were prepared and structurally characterized in three different oxidation states in the absence of axial ligands and with sodium or tetrafluoroborate as the only counterions. Under these conditions, the iron- and ligand-based redox chemistry of iron porphyrinogens can be defined. The iron center is easily oxidized by a single electron (E(1/2) = -0.57 V vs NHE in CH(3)CN) when confined within the fully reduced macrocycle. The porphyrinogen ligand also undergoes oxidation but in a single four-electron step (E(p) = +0.77 V vs NHE in CH(3)CN); one of the ligand-based electrons is intercepted for the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) to result in an overall three-electron oxidation process. The oxidation equivalents in the macrocycle are stored in C(alpha)-C(alpha) bonds of spirocyclopropane rings, formed between adjacent pyrroles. EPR, magnetic and Mossbauer measurements, and DFT computations of the redox states of the iron porphyrinogens reveal that the reduced ligand gives rise to iron in intermediate spin states, whereas the fully oxidized ligand possesses a weaker sigma-donor framework, giving rise to high-spin iron. Taken together, the results reported herein establish a metal-macrocycle cooperativity that engenders a multielectron chemistry for iron porphyrinogens that is unavailable to heme cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bachmann
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4207, USA
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Dolenský B, Kroulík J, Král V, Sessler JL, Dvoráková H, Bour P, Bernátková M, Bucher C, Lynch V. Calix[4]phyrins. Effect of Peripheral Substituents on Conformational Mobility and Structure within a Series of Related Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:13714-22. [PMID: 15493930 DOI: 10.1021/ja048075g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new, stepwise synthesis of calix[4]phyrins is described. It relies on the condensation of a ketone with pyrrole to form a dipyrromethane containing a quaternary carbon center that is subsequently condensed with an aromatic aldehyde. This methodology, in contrast to the previous rational approach described by this group (involving formation of a trisubstituted dipyrromethane via the condensation of an aldehyde with pyrrole, followed by condensation of this dipyrromethane with acetone), allows for a variety of bulky, ketone-derived substituents to be incorporated into the meso-like positions. The resulting systems, while all containing the same central macrocyclic core, display conformational properties that reflect the nature of these meso-like substituents; these conformational features were independently assessed by X-ray diffraction analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohumil Dolenský
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Laboratory of NMR Spectroscopy, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Praha 6, Czech Republic
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Abstract
A modular synthetic strategy for the construction of cofacial porphyrin architectures bearing hydrogen-bond synthons on a xanthene platform is presented. The convergent approach is based on a xanthene aldehyde-ester building block that is easily obtainable on a multigram scale with minimal purification. Treatment of this xanthene derivative with a variety of aryl aldehydes and pyrrole under standard Lindsey conditions affords a family of meso-substituted porphyrins bearing a single functionalized xanthene spacer. Direct modification of the hydrogen-bond synthon after macrocyclization proceeds smoothly to furnish porphyrin systems with a variety of cofacial functionalities (e.g., carboxylic acid, ester, amide). Porphyrins bearing two trans-functionalized xanthene spacers are prepared by the MacDonald [2 + 2] condensation of the xanthene aldehyde-ester with readily available 5-aryl-substituted dipyrromethanes such as 5-mesityldipyrromethane to afford the pure alpha,alpha- and alpha,beta-porphyrin atropisomers after chromatographic separation. The versatility of this synthetic method offers intriguing opportunities for the use of these and related templates for the study of proton-coupled activation of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, 6-335, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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