1
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Hatch CE, Chain WJ. Electrochemically Enabled Total Syntheses of Natural Products. ChemElectroChem 2023; 10:e202300140. [PMID: 38106361 PMCID: PMC10723087 DOI: 10.1002/celc.202300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical techniques have helped to enable the total synthesis of natural products since the pioneering work of Kolbe in the mid 1800's. The electrochemical toolset grows every day and these new possibilities change the way chemists look at and think about natural products. This review provides a perspective on total syntheses wherein electrochemical techniques enabled the carbon─carbon bond formations in the skeletal assembly of important natural products, discussion of mechanistic details, and representative examples of the bond formations enabled over the last several decades. These bond formations are often distinctly different from those possible with conventional chemistries and allow assemblies complementary to other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Hatch
- Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 E. 68 St., New York, NY, 10065 (United States)
| | - William J Chain
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 163 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716 (United States)
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2
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Zhang FL, Feng T. Diterpenes Specially Produced by Fungi: Structures, Biological Activities, and Biosynthesis (2010–2020). J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030244. [PMID: 35330246 PMCID: PMC8951520 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi have traditionally been a very rewarding source of biologically active natural products, while diterpenoids from fungi, such as the cyathane-type diterpenoids from Cyathus and Hericium sp., the fusicoccane-type diterpenoids from Fusicoccum and Alternaria sp., the guanacastane-type diterpenoids from Coprinus and Cercospora sp., and the harziene-type diterpenoids from Trichoderma sp., often represent unique carbon skeletons as well as diverse biological functions. The abundances of novel skeletons, biological activities, and biosynthetic pathways present new opportunities for drug discovery, genome mining, and enzymology. In addition, diterpenoids peculiar to fungi also reveal the possibility of differing biological evolution, although they have similar biosynthetic pathways. In this review, we provide an overview about the structures, biological activities, evolution, organic synthesis, and biosynthesis of diterpenoids that have been specially produced by fungi from 2010 to 2020. We hope this review provides timely illumination and beneficial guidance for future research works of scholars who are interested in this area.
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3
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Heravi MM, Mohammadi L. Application of Pauson-Khand reaction in the total synthesis of terpenes. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38325-38373. [PMID: 35493249 PMCID: PMC9044263 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05673e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pauson-Khand reaction (PKR) is a formal [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition involving an alkyne, an alkene and carbon monoxide mediated by a hexacarbonyldicobaltalkyne complex to yield cyclopentenones in a single step. This versatile reaction has become a method of choice for the synthesis of cyclopentenone and its derivatives since its discovery in the early seventies. The aim of this review is to point out the applications of PKR in the total synthesis of terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Leila Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
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4
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Webster CG, Park H, Ennis AF, Hong J. Synthetic efforts toward the bicyclo[3.2.1]octane fragment of rhodojaponin III. Tetrahedron Lett 2021; 71:153055. [PMID: 34054153 PMCID: PMC8153367 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhodojaponin III is a grayanane-type diterpenoid natural product with a novel chemical scaffold. It shows potent antinociceptive activity and may represent a new class of natural non-opioid analgesics with a novel mode of action. We explored the Au(I)-catalyzed Conia-ene cyclization and the Mn(III)-mediated radical cyclization of alkynyl ketones for the synthesis of the bicyclo[3.2.1]octane fragment of rhodojaponin III. These strategies will be applicable in the synthesis of rhodojaponin III and analogs for future biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline G Webster
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Hyeri Park
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Amanda F Ennis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jiyong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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5
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Thorat S, Palange MN, Kontham R. Four-Step Total Synthesis of (+)-Yaoshanenolides A and B. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:7036-7045. [PMID: 31458866 PMCID: PMC6644681 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A highly concise bioinspired four-step total synthesis of yaoshanenolides A and B possessing tricyclic spirolactone with an unusual 5'H-spiro-[bicyclo[2.2.2]-oct[2]ene-7,2'-furan]-5'-one scaffold is reported. This synthesis features high-yielding aldol-type addition of γ-butyrolactone on to the aldehyde, exocyclic olefination of lactone derivative using Eschenmoser's salt, and highly facial- and endo-selective [4 + 2]-cycloaddition of fully functionalized 5-methylene-2(5H)-furanone with natural R-(-)-α-phellandrene. The approach allows access to yaoshanenolides A and B in four linear steps in 11 and 13% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar
S. Thorat
- Division
of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Megha N. Palange
- Division
of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ravindar Kontham
- Division
of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical
Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
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6
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Recent Progress in the Total Synthesis of Dolabellane and Dolastane Diterpenes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/b96882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Simeonov SP, Nunes JPM, Guerra K, Kurteva VB, Afonso CAM. Synthesis of Chiral Cyclopentenones. Chem Rev 2016; 116:5744-893. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500504w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svilen P. Simeonov
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str, bl.9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - João P. M. Nunes
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Krassimira Guerra
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanya B. Kurteva
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str, bl.9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Carlos A. M. Afonso
- Research
Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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8
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Marković D, Kolympadi M, Deguin B, Porée FH, Turks M. The isolation and synthesis of neodolastane diterpenoids. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:230-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00077c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This account summarises the progress in isolation, characterisation and synthesis of diterpenoids sharing a tricyclic neodolastane skeleton as well as their biogenetic origin and diverse biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Marković
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques
- U.M.R./C.N.R.S. 8638
- 75006 Paris
| | - Maria Kolympadi
- Department of Biotechnology
- University of Rijeka
- 51000 Rijeka
- Croatia
| | - Brigitte Deguin
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques
- U.M.R./C.N.R.S. 8638
- 75006 Paris
| | - François-Hugues Porée
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de Université Paris Descartes
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques
- U.M.R./C.N.R.S. 8638
- 75006 Paris
| | - Māris Turks
- Faculty of Material Science and Applied Chemistry
- Riga Technical University
- Riga LV-1007
- Latvia
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9
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Yin X, Feng T, Li ZH, Leng Y, Liu JK. Five New Guanacastane-Type Diterpenes from Cultures of the Fungus Psathyrella candolleana. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2014; 4:149-55. [PMID: 24955296 PMCID: PMC4050309 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-014-0020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Five new guanacastane-type diterpenes, named guanacastepenes P-T (1-5), were isolated from cultures of the fungus Psathyrella candolleana. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods. All of the compounds were tested for their 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD1) inhibitory activity. Compound 3 exhibited inhibitory activity against both human and mouse isozymes of 11β-HSD1 with IC50 values of 6.2 and 13.9 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West
China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West
China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West
China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Leng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West
China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 People’s Republic of China
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10
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Escalante L, González-Rodríguez C, Varela JA, Saá C. Tandem Brønsted Acid Promoted and Nazarov Carbocyclizations of Enyne Acetals to Hydroazulenones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Escalante L, González-Rodríguez C, Varela JA, Saá C. Tandem Brønsted Acid Promoted and Nazarov Carbocyclizations of Enyne Acetals to Hydroazulenones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:12316-20. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Gampe CM, Carreira EM. Cyclohexyne cycloinsertion in the divergent synthesis of guanacastepenes. Chemistry 2012; 18:15761-71. [PMID: 23080228 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The guanacastepenes are a family of 15 diterpenes that share a common 5-6-7 tricyclic core, which is decorated with quaternary centers, unsaturation, hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. Some of these natural products show interesting antimicrobial potency. Their collective structural and biological features have stirred up vibrant activity among organic chemists. Herein, we disclose an account of our studies toward the synthesis of a number of guanacastepenes. The synthetic strategy relies on the use of cyclohexyne in a cycloinsertion reaction to rapidly construct the guanacastepene core. Isolation of a cyclobutenol as intermediate in the cyclohexyne cycloinsertion provided us with the possibility to study further the reactivity of this metastable compound, and we uncovered novel rearrangements and ring-opening reactions. Stereoselective, late-stage oxidative diversification of the carbon scaffold allowed the synthesis of guanacastepenes N and O and paved the way for the synthesis of guanacastepenes H and D.
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13
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Gao P, Cook SP. A Reductive-Heck Approach to the Hydroazulene Ring System: A Formal Synthesis of the Englerins. Org Lett 2012; 14:3340-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3013167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Silas P. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
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14
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Design and synthesis of C35-fluorinated solamins and their growth inhibitory activities against human cancer cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5745-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Michalak K, Michalak M, Wicha J. A facile construction of the tricyclic 5-7-6 scaffold of fungi-derived diterpenoids. The first total synthesis of (±)-heptemerone G and a new approach to Danishefsky’s intermediate for a guanacastepene A synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Dunn TB, Ellis JM, Kofink CC, Manning JR, Overman LE. Asymmetric construction of rings A-D of daphnicyclidin-type alkaloids. Org Lett 2010; 11:5658-61. [PMID: 19904991 DOI: 10.1021/ol902373m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aza-Cope-Mannich reaction and ring-closing metathesis are key steps in the assembly of intermediates containing rings A-D of Daphniphyllum alkaloids of the daphnicyclidin type such as daphnipaxinin and oldhamine A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis B Dunn
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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17
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Saadi J, Lentz D, Reissig HU. Medium-Sized Carbocycles by Samarium Diiodide-Induced Carbonyl−Alkene Cyclizations. Org Lett 2009; 11:3334-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol901183h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Saadi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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18
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Valente C, Organ M. Assessing Synthetic Strategies: Total Syntheses of (±)-Neodolabellane-Type Diterpenoids. Chemistry 2008; 14:8239-45. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Wilson RM, Danishefsky SJ. Small molecule natural products in the discovery of therapeutic agents: the synthesis connection. J Org Chem 2007; 71:8329-51. [PMID: 17064003 DOI: 10.1021/jo0610053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have been a rich source of agents of value in medicine. They have also inspired, at various levels, the fashioning of nonnatural agents of pharmaceutical import. Hitherto, these nonnatural derivatives have been primarily synthesized by manipulating the natural product. As a consequence of major innovations in the subscience of synthetic methodology, the capacity of synthesis to deal with molecules of considerable complexity has increased dramatically. In this paper, we show by example some total syntheses which draw from strategy-enabling advances in methodology. Moreover, we show how these capabilities can be used to discover and develop new agents of potential pharmaceutical value without recourse to the natural product itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Wilson
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
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20
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Malik CK, Ghosh S. Domino Metathesis Involving ROM-RCM of Substituted Norbornenes. Rapid Access to Densely Functionalized Tricyclic Bridged and Condensed Ring Systems. Org Lett 2007; 9:2537-40. [PMID: 17536812 DOI: 10.1021/ol070906a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Domino metathesis involving ROM-RCM of appropriately constructed norbornene derivatives having multiple alkene chains leads to direct access of highly functionalized bridged tricyclic compounds while that of a compound having two norbornene units tethered through one carbon produces a linearly arrayed condensed tricyclic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal K Malik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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21
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Miller AK, Hughes CC, Kennedy-Smith JJ, Gradl SN, Trauner D. Total Synthesis of (−)-Heptemerone B and (−)-Guanacastepene E. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:17057-62. [PMID: 17177458 DOI: 10.1021/ja0660507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A concise, stereoselective, and convergent total synthesis of the unnatural enantiomer of the neodolastane diterpenoid heptemerone B has been completed. Saponification of (-)-heptemerone afforded (-)-guanacastepene E. The absolute stereochemistry of (-)-heptemerone B was thus established as 5-(S), the same as (-)-guanacastepene E. The longest linear sequence of the synthesis comprises 17 (18) steps from simple known starting materials. Our general synthetic approach integrates a diverse set of reactions, including an intramolecular Heck reaction to create one quaternary stereocenter and a cuprate conjugate addition for the establishment of the other. The central seven-membered ring was closed with an uncommon electrochemical oxidation, whereas the five-membered ring was formed through ring-closing metathesis. The absolute configuration of the two key building blocks was established through an asymmetric reduction and an asymmetric ene reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubry K Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA
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22
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Iimura S, Overman LE, Paulini R, Zakarian A. Enantioselective total synthesis of guanacastepene N using an uncommon 7-endo Heck cyclization as a pivotal step. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:13095-101. [PMID: 17017789 PMCID: PMC3804222 DOI: 10.1021/ja0650504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A convergent, enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-guanacastepene N was developed that features a 7-endo Heck cyclization as the key step. In the course of this synthesis, short syntheses of the enantiomerically pure cyclopentenone and cyclohexene building blocks 5 and 6, which constitute A and C ring fragments of guanacastepene N, were developed. These fragments were linked by a challenging conjugate addition reaction that also generated the C11 quaternary carbon stereocenter. Regioselective 7-endo Heck cyclization gave rise to a tricyclic intermediate, which was elaborated to complete the first total synthesis of guanacastepene N and the second enantioselective total synthesis of a guanacastepene natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Ralph Paulini
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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23
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Li CC, Wang CH, Liang B, Zhang XH, Deng LJ, Liang S, Chen JH, Wu YD, Yang Z. Synthetic Study of 1,3-Butadiene-Based IMDA Approach to Construct a [5−7−6] Tricyclic Core and Its Application to the Total Synthesis of C8-epi-Guanacastepene O. J Org Chem 2006; 71:6892-7. [PMID: 16930042 DOI: 10.1021/jo060996h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) strategy for the construction of the [5-7-6] tricyclic core (18) of guanacastepenes has been developed from cis- and trans-1,3-butadiene-tethered 4-oxopent-2-ynoic acid ethyl esters 10 and 11. This method facilitates the synthesis of C8-epi-guanacastepene O (36) in a very efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang-Chuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), College of Chemistry, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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24
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Shipe WD, Sorensen EJ. Convergent, Enantioselective Syntheses of Guanacastepenes A and E Featuring a Selective Cyclobutane Fragmentation1. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:7025-35. [PMID: 16719483 DOI: 10.1021/ja060847g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of a convergent strategy that led to efficient, enantioselective syntheses of both natural (+)- and unnatural (-)-guanacastepene E and formal total syntheses of (+)- and (-)-guanacastepene A is described. A union of five- and six-membered ring intermediates by an efficient pi-allyl Stille cross-coupling reaction was followed by an intramolecular enone-olefin [2 + 2] photocycloaddition and a stereoelectronically controlled, reductive fragmentation of the resulting cyclobutyl ketone. The latter two transformations enabled controlled formation of the C-11 quaternary stereocenter and the central seven-membered ring of the guanacastepenes. An enantiospecific synthesis of the functionalized five-membered ring vinyl stannane from the monoterpene R-(-)-carvone featuring a carbon-carbon bond forming ring contraction was also developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Shipe
- Frick Chemical Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1009, USA
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25
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Mandal M, Yun H, Dudley GB, Lin S, Tan DS, Danishefsky SJ. Total synthesis of guanacastepene a: a route to enantiomeric control. J Org Chem 2006; 70:10619-37. [PMID: 16355979 DOI: 10.1021/jo051470k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The goal of the total synthesis of guanacastepene A served as a focus to bring together several chemical inquiries. One involved the synthesis of fused 5,7-hydrazulenones (see structure 20). Another issue had to do with the mechanistic intermediates in reductive cyclizations (see 17 to 18 and 19). The total synthesis required a mastery of an intramolecular Knoevenagel condensation of a beta,gamma-unsaturated ketone (see compound 41). Actually, cyclization was best accomplished when the terminal double bond of 41 was first converted to an epoxide. Further issues related to the stereochemistry at C5 and, rather surprisingly, the propensity for beta-face acetoxylation at C13. Crystallographic verification of the assigned beta-stereochemistry at C13 is provided. Finally, a route to optically active material is provided (see compound 20). A key element in this construction was an enantioselective addition of isopropenyl cuprate to 2-methylcyclopentenone (see compound 99).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihirbaran Mandal
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, Box 106, New York, New York 10021, USA
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26
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Gao S, Tu YQ, Song Z, Wang A, Fan X, Jiang Y. A general and efficient strategy for 7-aryloctahydroindole and cis-3a-aryloctahydroindole alkaloids: total syntheses of (+/-)-gamma-lycorane and (+/-)-crinane. J Org Chem 2005; 70:6523-5. [PMID: 16050723 DOI: 10.1021/jo0507690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A general and efficient approach to both 7-aryloctahydroindole and cis-3a-aryloctahydroindole alkaloids has been developed. The key step involves Michael additions of the corresponding kinetics and thermodynamics lithium enolates of ketone 9 to the versatile building blocks: nitroethylene 10. Two representative members, (+/-)-gamma-lycorane and (+/-)-crinane, have been synthesized in 22 and 36% overall yields, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanhu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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27
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Paquette LA, Liu Z, Ramsey C, Gallucci JC. Competitive Stereochemical Control Operative during Conrotatory Electrocyclization of Helically Equilibrating Diquinanyl-Substituted 1,3,5,7-Octatetraenyl Bisenolates. J Org Chem 2005; 70:8154-61. [PMID: 16277342 DOI: 10.1021/jo0513919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[Carbohydrate structure: see text] Activation of the squarate ester cascade by adding the lithiated bicyclo[3.3.0]octene 20 and vinyllithium sequentially to 1 results in the isolation of the four tetracyclic products 21-24. The structures of the topographically complex products were deduced by 2D NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies. The mechanistic insights gained by these findings are discussed. The product distribution is telltale evidence for predominant 1,2-addition of the second alkenyl anion. Product stereochemistry is in turn diagnostic of the preferred mode of conrotatory ring closure operating within equilibrating helical intermediates of opposite pitch. A competing pathway for the elimination of methanol in these highly functionalized intermediates has been observed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo A Paquette
- Evans Chemical Laboratories, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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28
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Li CC, Liang S, Zhang XH, Xie ZX, Chen JH, Wu YD, Yang Z. Exploring an Expedient IMDA Reaction Approach to Construct the Guanacastepene Core. Org Lett 2005; 7:3709-12. [PMID: 16092856 DOI: 10.1021/ol051312f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Construction of the [5-7-6] tricyclic core of guanacastepenes was attempted by using the intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) reaction and Me(3)Al-mediated ring opening of the oxabridge as key synthetic steps. The illustrated chemistry demonstrated a synthetic feasibility to build up the framework of guanacastepenes by the IMDA reaction. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang-Chuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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29
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Abstract
An asymmetric approach toward the [6-7-5] ring system of the guanacastepenes is described. [structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Chambers C Hughes
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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30
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Yun H, Danishefsky SJ. A protocol to accomplish ‘homo-Robinson’ annulation: application to the guanacastepene problem. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.03.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Srikrishna A, Dethe DH. Synthetic approaches to guanacastepenes. Enantiospecific syntheses of BC and AB ring systems of guanacastepenes and rameswaralide. Org Lett 2005; 6:165-8. [PMID: 14723519 DOI: 10.1021/ol036057i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A simple and efficient approach for the BC and AB ring systems of the novel diterpenes guanacastepenes and rameswaralide starting from the readily and abundantly available monoterpene (R)-carvone employing RCM reaction as the key step is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Srikrishna
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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32
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Abstract
A total synthesis of the structure corresponding to the novel tricyclic diterpene guanacastepene C has been realized in which a Knoevenagel cyclization serves as a key step to annulate the six-membered C-ring on a stereochemically secured bicyclic hydroazulene precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goverdhan Mehta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
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33
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J. Danishefsky S, Yun H, Meng Z. Enantiotopic Synthesis of Natural Products: Merrilactone and Guanacastepene. HETEROCYCLES 2005. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-05-sr(k)2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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35
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Boyer FD, Hanna I, Ricard L. Formal Synthesis of (±)-Guanacastepene A: A Tandem Ring-Closing Metathesis Approach. Org Lett 2004; 6:1817-20. [PMID: 15151422 DOI: 10.1021/ol049452x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A concise route to a key intermediate in the total synthesis of guanacastepene A is described. The main features include the simultaneous construction of the seven- and six-membered rings, using a tandem ring-closing metathesis and a stereoselective introduction of the oxygenated function at the C5 position. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Didier Boyer
- Unité de Phytopharmacie et Médiateurs Chimiques, I.N.R.A., Route de Saint-Cyr, F-78026 Versailles, France
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36
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Mandal M, Danishefsky SJ. Probing the formation and chemistry of enoxyoxirane derivatives in the C-ring en route to guanacastepene. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.02.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Mandal M, Danishefsky SJ. Probing competitive pathways in building a hydroazulene moiety by reductive cyclization. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.02.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Chiu P, Li S. An Expeditious Nazarov Cyclization Strategy toward the Hydroazulene Core of Guanacastepene A. Org Lett 2004; 6:613-6. [PMID: 14961636 DOI: 10.1021/ol036433z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hydroazulene core of guanacastepene A has been synthesized in five steps from commercially available starting materials using a classical Nazarov cyclization to install the stereochemistry in the cyclopentanone diastereoselectively. In the presence or absence of Lewis bases, a hydroazulenone or a spirocyclic ketone generated via a novel Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement is obtained with excellent selectivity and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
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39
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Abstract
[reaction: see text]. An asymmetric approach toward the [6-7] ring system of the guanacastepenes is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chambers C Hughes
- Center for New Directions in Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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40
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Brummond KM, Gao D. Unique strategy for the assembly of the carbon skeleton of guanacastepene A using an allenic Pauson-Khand-type reaction. Org Lett 2003; 5:3491-4. [PMID: 12967307 DOI: 10.1021/ol035322x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] An approach to the highly functionalized tricyclic core of guanacastepene A has been developed using a rhodium(I)-catalyzed allenic Pauson-Khand reaction. This approach constitutes a conceptually novel strategy for the synthesis of this tricyclic framework, whereby the six-membered ring is formed intially followed by simultaneous formation of the five- and seven-membered rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay M Brummond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA.
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41
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Mehta G, Umarye JD. Studies towards the total synthesis of novel dolabellane-type diterpenoids: construction of the 5,11-fused bicyclic framework. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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42
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Du X, Chu HV, Kwon O. Synthesis of the [5-7-6] tricyclic core of guanacastepene A via an intramolecular Mukaiyama aldol reaction. Org Lett 2003; 5:1923-6. [PMID: 12762687 DOI: 10.1021/ol0344873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A synthesis of the tricyclic [5-7-6] skeleton of guanacastepene A is described. The six-membered ring of guanacastepene A was constructed by a Diels-Alder reaction. After several functional group transformations, it was coupled to beta-iodocyclopentenone. Lithium dimethylcuprate conjugate addition followed by an intramolecular Mukaiyama aldol reaction furnished the desired [5-7-6] tricyclic ring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Du
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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43
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Mehta G, Umarye JD, Srinivas K. Guanacastepene-A total synthesis: construction of the tricyclic iso-guanacastepane, epi-guanacastepane and guanacastepane frameworks. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00883-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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44
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Abstract
A 17 step synthesis of 55, a late intermediate in Danishefsky's guanacastepene A synthesis, has been completed in 4% overall yield. Key features include the use of vinylmagnesium bromide in the Pd-catalyzed coupling with triflate 13 to give triene 16 without the formation of Heck products, a novel extension of the Stork-Jung vinylsilane Robinson annulation that provides tricyclic 2-hydroxymethylcyclohexenone 42 from 23b in four steps and 51% yield, the ability to obtain almost exclusively alpha'-alkylation of 35ba by the proper choice of protecting groups, and the ability to obtain the desired beta-alcohol selectively by reduction of keto alcohol 42 rather than keto ester 53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shi
- Department of Chemistry MS 015, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, USA
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45
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Synthesis of the hydroazulene portion of guanacastepene A using a [2.3]sigmatropic sulfoxide rearrangement: observations on silyl enol ether electrophilic chemistry for the introduction of the C-13 hydroxyl group. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)02413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Nguyen TM, Seifert RJ, Mowrey DR, Lee D. Synthesis of the 5-7-6 core of guanacastepenes. Construction of C8 quaternary carbon via the inversion of stereochemistry. Org Lett 2002; 4:3959-62. [PMID: 12599502 DOI: 10.1021/ol026820t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[formula: see text] An efficient and unique route to the 5-7-6 core of guanacatepene A (1) is described. The installation of the desired stereochemistry at the C8 position was achieved via the desymmetrization of the cyclohexadienone by reductive ring closure of the seven-membered ring. That the closure of the seven-membered ring produced only the desired isomer is hypothesized to be a result of the more stable trans relationship between the C8 and C11 methyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truc M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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47
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Nakazaki A, Sharma U, Tius MA. Synthesis of the hydroazulene portion of guanacastepene A from the cyclopentannelation reaction. Org Lett 2002; 4:3363-6. [PMID: 12323019 DOI: 10.1021/ol026428f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available tribromoethylene has been converted to ketoepoxide 15, an advanced intermediate in the total synthesis of guanacastepene A. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuo Nakazaki
- Department of Chemistry, 2545 The Mall, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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48
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Boyer FD, Hanna I. Synthesis of a highly functionalized tricyclic ring system related to guanacastepene via a tandem ring-closing metathesis reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01793-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Towards a total synthesis of guanacastepene A: construction of fully functionalized AB and BC ring segments. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Dudley GB, Danishefsky SJ, Sukenick G. On the use of deuterium isotope effects in chemical synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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