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Bendelac A, Benedetti F, Doublet-Decabras V, Lokovi R, Decalogne F, Bigot A. Fit-for-Purpose Synthesis of an Aza-Cryptophycin Analogue as the Payload for an Antibody–Drug Conjugate. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Bendelac
- ADC Conjugation Development, Sanofi, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Benedetti
- Early Development Chemistry, Sanofi, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex, France
| | | | - Rachel Lokovi
- Early Development Chemistry, Sanofi, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex, France
| | - François Decalogne
- Early Development Chemistry, Sanofi, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex, France
| | - Antony Bigot
- Early Development Chemistry, Sanofi, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry-sur-Seine Cedex, France
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2
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Abstract
This review concentrates on success stories from the synthesis of approved medicines and drug candidates using epoxide chemistry in the development of robust and efficient syntheses at large scale. The focus is on those parts of each synthesis related to the substrate-controlled/diastereoselective and catalytic asymmetric synthesis of epoxide intermediates and their subsequent ring-opening reactions with various nucleophiles. These are described in the form of case studies of high profile pharmaceuticals spanning a diverse range of indications and molecular scaffolds such as heterocycles, terpenes, steroids, peptidomimetics, alkaloids and main stream small molecules. Representative examples include, but are not limited to the antihypertensive diltiazem, the antidepressant reboxetine, the HIV protease inhibitors atazanavir and indinavir, efinaconazole and related triazole antifungals, tasimelteon for sleep disorders, the anticancer agent carfilzomib, the anticoagulant rivaroxaban the antibiotic linezolid and the antiviral oseltamivir. Emphasis is given on aspects of catalytic asymmetric epoxidation employing metals with chiral ligands particularly with the Sharpless and Jacobsen–Katsuki methods as well as organocatalysts such as the chiral ketones of Shi and Yang, Pages’s chiral iminium salts and typical chiral phase transfer agents.
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3
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Allred TK, Manoni F, Harran PG. Exploring the Boundaries of “Practical”: De Novo Syntheses of Complex Natural Product-Based Drug Candidates. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11994-12051. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler K. Allred
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California−Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Francesco Manoni
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California−Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Patrick G. Harran
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of California−Los Angeles, 607 Charles
E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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4
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Day DP, Sellars PB. Recent Advances in Iminium-Salt-Catalysed Asymmetric Epoxidation. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Day
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; CV4 7AL Coventry U.K
| | - Philip B. Sellars
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; CV4 7AL Coventry U.K
- WMG; University of Warwick; CV4 7AL Coventry U.K
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5
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Zhu Y, Wang Q, Cornwall RG, Shi Y. Organocatalytic asymmetric epoxidation and aziridination of olefins and their synthetic applications. Chem Rev 2014; 114:8199-256. [PMID: 24785198 DOI: 10.1021/cr500064w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingguang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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6
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Nahrwold M, Weiß C, Bogner T, Mertink F, Conradi J, Sammet B, Palmisano R, Royo Gracia S, Preuße T, Sewald N. Conjugates of modified cryptophycins and RGD-peptides enter target cells by endocytosis. J Med Chem 2013; 56:1853-64. [PMID: 23387527 DOI: 10.1021/jm301346z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tumor targeting anticancer drug conjugates that contain a tumor recognition motif (homing device) are of high current relevance. Cryptophycins, naturally occurring cytotoxic cyclo-depsipeptides, have been modified by total synthesis to provide analogues suitable for conjugation to peptide-based homing devices. An array of functionalized β(2)-amino acids was synthesized and incorporated into cryptophycins. All analogues proved to be highly active in the cytotoxicity assay using the human cervix carcinoma cell line KB-3-1 and its multidrug-resistant subclone KB-V1. Conformational analysis of cryptophycin-52 and two synthetic analogues was performed by NMR and MD methods to obtain information on the influence of the unit C configuration on the overall conformation. An azide-functionalized cryptophycin was connected by CuAAC to an alkyne-containing fluorescently labeled cyclic RGD-peptide as the homing device for internalization studies. Confocal fluorescence microscopy proved integrin-mediated internalization by endocytosis and final lysosomal localization of the cryptophycin prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Nahrwold
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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7
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Weiss C, Sammet B, Sewald N. Recent approaches for the synthesis of modified cryptophycins. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:924-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c3np70022d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Weiß C, Bogner T, Sammet B, Sewald N. Total synthesis and biological evaluation of fluorinated cryptophycins. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:2060-6. [PMID: 23209540 PMCID: PMC3511040 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptophycins are cytotoxic natural products that exhibit considerable activities even against multi-drug-resistant tumor cell lines. As fluorinated pharmaceuticals have become more and more important during the past decades, fluorine-functionalized cryptophycins were synthesized and evaluated in cell-based cytotoxicity assays. The unit A trifluoromethyl-modified cryptophycin proved to be highly active against KB-3-1 cells and exhibited an IC(50) value in the low picomolar range. However, the replacement of the 3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl-substituent in unit B by a pentafluorophenyl moiety resulted in a significant loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Weiß
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, PO Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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9
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Waser M. Asymmetric Oxidations and Reductions. ASYMMETRIC ORGANOCATALYSIS IN NATURAL PRODUCT SYNTHESES 2012:137-148. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1163-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Abstract
Natural product biosynthetic pathways have evolved enzymes with myriad activities that represent an expansive array of chemical transformations for constructing secondary metabolites. Recently, harnessing the biosynthetic potential of these enzymes through chemoenzymatic synthesis has provided a powerful tool that often rivals the most sophisticated methodologies in modern synthetic chemistry and provides new opportunities for accessing chemical diversity. Herein, we describe our research efforts with enzymes from a broad collection of biosynthetic systems, highlighting recent progress in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Mortison
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - David H. Sherman
- Life Sciences Institute, Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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11
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Wong OA, Shi Y. Organocatalytic oxidation. Asymmetric epoxidation of olefins catalyzed by chiral ketones and iminium salts. Chem Rev 2008; 108:3958-87. [PMID: 18590339 DOI: 10.1021/cr068367v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Andrea Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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12
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ZHANG WX, YE K, RUAN S, CHEN ZX, XIA QH. Tri-n-butylphosphine Mediated Ring-Opening Reactions of Aziridines or Epoxides with Diphenyl Diselenide. CHINESE J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200790325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Kotoku N, Narumi F, Kato T, Yamaguchi M, Kobayashi M. Stereoselective total synthesis of arenastatin A, a spongean cytotoxic depsipeptide. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.07.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mast CA, Eissler S, Stoncius A, Stammler HG, Neumann B, Sewald N. Efficient and Versatile Stereoselective Synthesis of Cryptophycins. Chemistry 2005; 11:4667-77. [PMID: 15915529 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The cryptophycins are a family of cyclic depsipeptides with four retrosynthetic units A to D which correspond to the respective amino acids and hydroxy acids. A new synthetic route to unit A allows the selective generation of all four stereogenic centres by introducing two of them in a catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation, followed by substrate-controlled diastereoselective reactions. The diol also serves as the epoxide precursor. This approach provides selective access to stereoisomers of unit A (enantiomers, epimers) for structure-activity relationship studies. The unit A derivatives were incorporated into cryptophycin-1, cryptophycin-52 and a novel epimer of cryptophycin-52.
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Chan WK, Wong MK, Che CM. Metalloporphyrin-Catalyzed Diastereoselective Epoxidation of Allyl-Substituted Alkenes. J Org Chem 2005; 70:4226-32. [PMID: 15903294 DOI: 10.1021/jo047733c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
By using [Mn(2,6-Cl(2)TPP)Cl] (1) as a catalyst and Oxone/H(2)O(2) as an oxidant, we have developed an efficient method for erythro-selective epoxidation of acyclic allyl-substituted alkenes, including allylic alcohols, amines, and esters. Up to 9:1 erythro selectivities for terminal allyllic alkenes could be achieved, which are significantly higher than that achieved using m-CPBA as an oxidant. In addition, the synthetic utilities of this epoxidation method were highlighted in stereoselective synthesis of key anti-HIV drug intermediates and epoxidation of glycals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Kei Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Open Laboratory of Chemical Biology of the Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Tripathy NK, Georg GI. RCM approach for the total synthesis of cryptophycin-24 (Arenastatin A). Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.04.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cooksey J, Gunn A, Kocienski PJ, Kuhl A, Uppal S, Christopher JA, Bell R. The nucleophilic addition of alpha-metallated 1,3-dioxanes to planar chiral cationic eta3-allylmolybdenum complexes. Synthesis of (2E,5S,6R,7E)-6-methyl-8-phenylocta-2,7-dienoic acid methyl ester, a key component of the Cryptophycins. Org Biomol Chem 2004; 2:1719-31. [PMID: 15188039 DOI: 10.1039/b400242c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two adjacent stereogenic centres and a pendant alkene were constructed via nucleophilic addition of a 1,3-dioxan-4-ylcopper(I) reagent to a cationic eta3-allylmolybdenum complex as part of a synthesis of (2E,5S,6R,7E)-6-methyl-8-phenylocta-2,7-dienoic acid, a key component of the Cryptophycins. Oxidative addition of Mo(CO)(4)(THF)(2) to allyl benzoates provides an efficient synthesis of eta3-allylmolybdenum(dicarbonyl) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cooksey
- Department of Chemistry, Leeds University, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Vidya R, Eggen M, Nair SK, Georg GI, Himes RH. Synthesis of Cryptophycins via an N-Acyl-β-lactam Macrolactonization. J Org Chem 2003; 68:9687-93. [PMID: 14656095 DOI: 10.1021/jo0302197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and concise approach to the synthesis of the macrolide core of the cryptophycins has been developed. A novel macrolactonization utilizing a reactive acyl-beta-lactam intermediate incorporates the beta-amino acid moiety within the 16-membered macrolide core. This modular approach, involving a cyanide-initiated acyl-beta-lactam ring opening followed by cyclization, was successfully applied to the total synthesis of cryptophycin-24. The strategy was also used in an efficient synthesis of the 6,6-dimethyl-substituted dechlorocryptophycin-52. In this case, the cyanide-initiated ring opening of the bis-substituted 2-azetidinone followed by macrolactonization was achieved through a catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas Vidya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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Fan RH, Hou XL. Tributylphosphine-catalyzed ring-opening reaction of epoxides and aziridines with acetic anhydride. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00943-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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