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Miller JL, Damodaran K, Floreancig PE. Nitrogen Heterocycle Synthesis through Hydride Abstraction of Acyclic Carbamates and Related Species: Scope, Mechanism, Stereoselectivity, and Product Conformation Studies. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302977. [PMID: 37796745 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Acyliminium ions and related species are potent electrophiles that can be quite valuable in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing molecules. This manuscript describes a protocol to form these intermediates through hydride abstractions of easily accessible allylic carbamates, amides, and sulfonamides that avoids the reversibility that is possible in classical condensation-based routes. These intermediates are used in the preparation of a range of nitrogen-containing heterocycles, and in many cases high levels of stereocontrol are observed. Specifically areas of investigation include the impact of chemical structure on oxidation efficiency, the geometry of the intermediate iminium ions, the impact of a substrate stereocenter on stereocontrol, and an examination of transition state geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Krishnan Damodaran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
| | - Paul E Floreancig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, USA
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2
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Cheng LC, Chen WC, Santhoshkumar R, Chao TH, Cheng MJ, Cheng CH. Synthesis of Quinolinium Salts from N
-Substituted Anilines, Aldehydes, Alkynes, and Acids: Theoretical Understanding of the Mechanism and Regioselectivity. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Chieh Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; 30013 Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; 30013 Hsinchu Taiwan
| | | | - Tzu-Hsuan Chao
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; 70101 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; National Cheng Kung University; 70101 Tainan Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; 30013 Hsinchu Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry; National Sun Yat-sen University; 80424 Kaohsiung Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Romero
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - David A. Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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4
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Afzal S, Venkanna A, Park HG, Kim MH. Metal-Free α-C(sp3)−H Functionalized Oxidative Cyclization of TertiaryN,N-Diarylamino Alcohols: Construction ofN,N-Diarylaminotetrahydropyran Scaffolds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sualiha Afzal
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy; Gachon University; 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Arramshetti Venkanna
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy; Gachon University; 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung-geun Park
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and College of Pharmacy; Seoul National University; Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-hyun Kim
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy; Gachon University; 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu Incheon Republic of Korea
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5
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Bekkaye M, Masson G. Cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate mediated three-component α-allylation of imine surrogates. Org Lett 2014; 16:1510-3. [PMID: 24568134 DOI: 10.1021/ol5004143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A general and practical CAN-mediated oxidative radical α-coupling reaction of various imine surrogates with allylsilanes has been described. This multicomponent process affords β-allylated α-carbamido ethers as stable imine precursors in respectable yields under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bekkaye
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS , 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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6
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Brizgys GJ, Jung HH, Floreancig PE. Stereoselective piperidine synthesis through oxidative carbon–hydrogen bond functionalizations of enamides. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00670c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Cumpstey
- a Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS , Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 , Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX , France
| | - David Crich
- a Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS , Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 , Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX , France
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8
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Wan S, Wu F, Rech JC, Green ME, Balachandran R, Horne WS, Day BW, Floreancig PE. Total synthesis and biological evaluation of pederin, psymberin, and highly potent analogs. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:16668-79. [PMID: 21902245 DOI: 10.1021/ja207331m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The potent cytotoxins pederin and psymberin have been prepared through concise synthetic routes (10 and 14 steps in the longest linear sequences, respectively) that proceed via a late-stage multicomponent approach to construct the N-acyl aminal linkages. This route allowed for the facile preparation of a number of analogs that were designed to explore the importance of the alkoxy group in the N-acyl aminal and functional groups in the two major subunits on biological activity. These analogs, including a pederin/psymberin chimera, were analyzed for their growth inhibitory effects, revealing several new potent cytotoxins and leading to postulates regarding the molecular conformational and hydrogen bonding patterns that are required for biological activity. Second generation analogs have been prepared based on the results of the initial assays and a structure-based model for the binding of these compounds to the ribosome. The growth inhibitory properties of these compounds are reported. These studies show the profound role that organic chemistry in general and specifically late-stage multicomponent reactions can play in the development of unique and potent effectors for biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyi Wan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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Xu F, Li PB, Tian YP, Hui-Li L, Li Q. Preparation of β-Aminoketone by 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-Dicyanobenzoquinone Catalysed Three-Component Mannich Reaction. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.3184/030823409x12612309457849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) was used as an efficient catalysts for a one-pot, three-component Mannich reaction of cyclohexanone or acetophenone with aromatic aldehydes and aromatic amines under solvent free condition. This protocol has the advantage of high yield, mild reaction conditions, lower catalyst loading and simple work up procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - You-Ping Tian
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Li Hui-Li
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, P. R. China
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Abstract
The total synthesis of the potent cytotoxin theopederin D has been achieved through the use of an oxidative carbon–carbon bond cleavage reaction to form an acyliminium ion in the presence of acid labile acetal groups Other key transformations include an acid mediated functionalization of a tetrahydrofuranyl alcohol in the presence of a tetrahydropyranyl alcohol, a syn -selective glycal epoxide opening, and a catalytic asymmetric aldehyde-acid chloride condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Green
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, Fax: (+1)412-624-8611
| | - Jason C. Rech
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, Fax: (+1)412-624-8611
| | - Paul E. Floreancig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, Fax: (+1)412-624-8611
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Tu W, Floreancig PE. Intramolecular Electron Transfer Initiated Cation and Radical Formation through Carbon−Carbon Bond Activation. Org Lett 2007; 9:2389-92. [PMID: 17506577 DOI: 10.1021/ol070850k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Radical cations can be formed in a spatially and temporally controlled manner by appending a sacrificial photooxidant to an easily oxidized substrate, leading to intramolecular electron transfer upon irradiation. The anthraquinone carboxyl group is an effective photooxidant that can promote single electron oxidation from an appended arene. The resulting intermediates undergo a cleavage reaction through carbon-carbon bond activation to provide either cations or radicals that react to form a range of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyang Tu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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Zhang Y, Li CJ. DDQ-Mediated Direct Cross-Dehydrogenative-Coupling (CDC) between Benzyl Ethers and Simple Ketones. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:4242-3. [PMID: 16568995 DOI: 10.1021/ja060050p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A direct Cross-Dehydrogenative-Coupling (CDC) between benzyl ethers and simple ketones was developed without using any metal catalyst. By using DDQ, various benzyl ethers and simples ketones were coupled together directly to form beta-alkoxyl ketones efficiently. A mechanism in which the DDQ serves the double roles of an oxidizing agent and an organomediator was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
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Kumar VS, Wan S, Aubele DL, Floreancig PE. Oxidatively generated electrophiles as initiators of epoxide cascade cyclization processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang L, Seiders JR, Floreancig PE. Structure-reactivity relationships in oxidative carbon-carbon bond forming reactions: a mild and efficient approach to stereoselective syntheses of 2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyrones. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:12596-603. [PMID: 15453792 DOI: 10.1021/ja046125b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Homobenzylic ethers with pendent enol acetate nucleophiles undergo highly efficient cleavage reactions followed by 6-endo cyclizations to form 2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyrones with excellent stereocontrol at room temperature in the presence of the mild oxidant ceric ammonium nitrate. Cyclizations proceed through either stabilized or nonstabilized oxocarbenium ions. Structure-reactivity relationships are presented to provide a predictive guide for the design of radical cation cleavage processes. Unique sequences for preparing cyclization substrates based on stereoselective Lewis acid mediated acetal openings have been developed for the synthesis of complex substrates that are suitable for applications to the synthesis of biologically active natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Royer
- Synthèse et Structure de Molécules d'Intérêt Pharmacologique, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, UMR 8638 (CNRS-Université Paris-5), 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris 06, France.
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Crich D, Ranganathan K, Neelamkavil S, Huang X. Tandem polar/radical crossover sequences for the formation of fused and bridged bicyclic nitrogen heterocycles involving radical ionic chain reactions, and alkene radical cation intermediates, performed under reducing conditions: scope and limitations. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:7942-7. [PMID: 12823015 DOI: 10.1021/ja035639s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that phosphorylated forms of beta-nitro alcohols provide an excellent means of entry into beta-(phosphatoxy)alkyl radicals on exposure to tributyltin hydride and AIBN in benzene at reflux. These radicals then undergo heterolytic cleavage of the phosphate group to yield alkene radical cation/phosphate anion contact ion pairs which are trapped intramolecularly in a tandem polar/radical crossover sequence involving radical ionic chain reactions by allylic and propargylic amines. The substitution pattern of the alkene radical cation dictates the cyclization mode, and this may be engineered to form fused ring systems by an initial exo-mode nucleophilic cyclization or bridged bicyclic systems when the nucleophilic attack takes place in the endo-mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Crich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7061, USA.
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Boto A, Hernández D, Hernández R, Suárez E. beta-Fragmentation of primary alkoxyl radicals versus hydrogen abstraction: synthesis of polyols and alpha,omega-differently substituted cyclic ethers from carbohydrates. J Org Chem 2003; 68:5310-9. [PMID: 12816493 DOI: 10.1021/jo034442f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The beta-fragmentation of primary alkoxyl radicals, described in many cases as low-yielding and plagued by side reactions, can proceed in satisfactory yields using carbohydrate substrates. The only reaction that can compete significantly with the beta-scission is the intramolecular hydrogen abstraction. The ratio of beta-fragmentation to hydrogen abstraction can be varied according to the reaction conditions, the stereochemistry of the substituents (e.g., alpha- or beta-anomeric substituents), and the protecting groups chosen. The carbohydrate substrates are easily prepared, and the mild reaction conditions are compatible with most functional groups. The beta-scission reaction provides an expedient way toward shorter and less common sugar series and also toward alpha,omega-differently substituted cyclic ethers. These units are useful building blocks and are present in many natural products with interesting biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Boto
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del C.S.I.C., Carretera de La Esperanza 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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Abstract
The amido trioxadecalin ring system is a key structural component of the architecturally interesting anticancer and immunosuppressive agents of the mycalamide, theopederin, and onnamide families of natural products. We report a new entry into this structure in which a mixed acetal serves as a surrogate for a formaldehyde hemiacetal in an addition to an oxidatively generated acyliminium ion. The stereochemical outcome of this process can be explained by the conformational preferences of the product ring system. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Rech
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Seiders JR, Wang L, Floreancig PE. Tuning reactivity and chemoselectivity in electron transfer initiated cyclization reactions: applications to carbon-carbon bond formation. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:2406-7. [PMID: 12603124 DOI: 10.1021/ja029139v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, we demonstrate that the scope of our electron transfer initiated cyclization reaction can be significantly broadened by exploiting the relationship between the oxidation potentials of homobenzylic ethers and the mesolytic benzylic carbon-carbon bond dissociation energies of their radical cations. By lowering the oxidation potential of the electrophore and the benzylic carbon-carbon bond dissociation energy, we can initiate reactions under mild, nonphotochemical conditions. The selectivity of the arene oxidation and the mild reaction conditions allow a variety of electron-rich olefins to serve as nucleophilic groups to form carbon-carbon bonds with excellent efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Seiders
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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