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Maschio R, Buonsanti F, Crivellin F, Ferretti F, Lattuada L, Maisano F, Orio L, Pizzuto L, Campanella R, Clouet A, Cavallotti C, Giovenzana GB. Improved synthesis of DA364, an NIR fluorescence RGD probe targeting α vβ 3 integrin. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8584-8592. [PMID: 37855098 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01206a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging (OI) is gaining increasing attention in medicine as a non-invasive diagnostic imaging technology and as a useful tool for image-guided surgery. OI exploits the light emitted in the near-infrared region by fluorescent molecules able to penetrate living tissues. Cyanines are an important class of fluorescent molecules and by their conjugation to peptides it is possible to achieve optical imaging of tumours by selective targeting. We report here the improvements obtained in the synthesis of DA364, a small fluorescent probe (1.5 kDa) prepared by conjugation of pentamethine cyanine Cy5.5 to an RGD peptidomimetic, which can target tumour cells overexpressing integrin αvβ3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Maschio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Federica Buonsanti
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Federico Crivellin
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Ferretti
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Luciano Lattuada
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Federico Maisano
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Laura Orio
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Lorena Pizzuto
- Bracco Imaging Spa, Bracco Research Centre, Via Ribes 5, 10010 Colleretto Giacosa, TO, Italy.
| | - Raphael Campanella
- Bracco Suisse SA, Route de la Galaise 31, 1228 Plan le Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Clouet
- Bracco Suisse SA, Route de la Galaise 31, 1228 Plan le Ouates, Switzerland
| | | | - Giovanni B Giovenzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy.
- CAGE Chemicals Srl, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Silva-Reis SC, Sampaio-Dias IE, Costa VM, Correia XC, Costa-Almeida HF, García-Mera X, Rodríguez-Borges JE. Concise Overview of Glypromate Neuropeptide Research: From Chemistry to Pharmacological Applications in Neurosciences. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:554-572. [PMID: 36735764 PMCID: PMC9936549 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) pose a serious health concern worldwide, with a particular incidence in developed countries as a result of life expectancy increase and the absence of restorative treatments. Presently, treatments for these neurological conditions are focused on managing the symptoms and/or slowing down their progression. As so, the research on novel neuroprotective drugs is of high interest. Glypromate (glycyl-l-prolyl-l-glutamic acid, also known as GPE), an endogenous small peptide widespread in the brain, holds great promise to tackle neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's, s well as other CNS-related disorders like Rett and Down's syndromes. However, the limited pharmacokinetic properties of Glypromate hinder its clinical application. As such, intense research has been devoted to leveraging the pharmacokinetic profile of this neuropeptide. This review aims to offer an updated perspective on Glypromate research by exploring the vast array of chemical derivatizations of more than 100 analogs described in the literature over the past two decades. The collection and discussion of the most relevant structure-activity relationships will hopefully guide the discovery of new Glypromate-based neuroprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C. Silva-Reis
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University
of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal,UCIBIO/REQUIMTE,
Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ivo E. Sampaio-Dias
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University
of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal,
| | - Vera M. Costa
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE,
Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal,Associate
Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Xavier Cruz Correia
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University
of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo F. Costa-Almeida
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University
of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José E. Rodríguez-Borges
- LAQV/REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University
of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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3
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Chen KC, Barve IJ, Sun CM. Catalyst-Controlled Regioselective Synthesis of Benzotriazlolodiazepin-7-ones and Benzotriazolodiazocin-8-ones. Org Lett 2019; 22:428-432. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chi Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Indrajeet J. Barve
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune, India
| | - Chung-Ming Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300-10, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan First Road, Kaohsiung 807-08, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Serra M, Peviani EG, Bernardi E, Colombo L. Synthesis of Variously Functionalized Azabicycloalkane Scaffolds by Domino Metathesis Reactions. J Org Chem 2017; 82:11091-11101. [PMID: 28953382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
7,5-Fused azabicycloalkane scaffolds, carrying a quaternary stereocenter at C3 position of the lactam ring, can act as effective reverse-turn mimics and have proven to be useful intermediates for the preparation of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-based cyclopentapeptides (cRGD) with nanomolar activity as αvβ3/αvβ5 integrin antagonists. Here, we report the synthesis of new azabicycloalkane scaffolds endowed at the C6 position with a para-substituted phenethyl side chain, which could be exploited to obtain cRGD-based bioconjugates that may find promising applications in anticancer therapy. By performing a domino cross enyne metathesis/ring-closing metathesis (CEYM/RCM) in the presence of styrene derivatives, followed by catalytic hydrogenation of the diene system, we easily converted a dipeptide precursor into the desired C6-functionalized azabicycloalkane scaffolds. The presence of a suitably protected p-amino group on the styrene moiety could be exploited, after deprotection, either to directly conjugate a bioactive compound or to introduce a suitable spacer between the cRGD unit and the bioactive compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Serra
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia , Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Giulia Peviani
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia , Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Eric Bernardi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia , Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lino Colombo
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia , Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Reuter C, Kleczka M, de Mazancourt S, Neudörfl JM, Kühne R, Schmalz HG. Stereoselective Synthesis of Proline-Derived Dipeptide Scaffolds (ProM-3 and ProM-7) Rigidified in a PPII Helix Conformation. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Sundararaju B, Sridhar T, Achard M, Sharma GVM, Bruneau C. Ring Closing and Macrocyclization of β-Dipeptides by Olefin Metathesis. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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7
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Claverie C, Ghinet A, Gautret P, Vuong CT, Rigo B. The revisited synthesis of tert-butyl pyroglutamate derivatives. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rojas V, Carreras J, Avenoza A, Busto JH, Peregrina JM. Ring-Rearrangement Metathesis of 7-Azanorbornenes as an Entry to 1-Azabicyclo[n.3.0]alkenones. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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10
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Route to three-dimensional fragments using diversity-oriented synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:6799-804. [PMID: 21482811 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1015271108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) has proven to be an effective means of producing high-quality chemical ligands as starting points for drug-discovery pursuits. The increasing number of clinical candidate drugs developed using FBDD approaches is a testament of the efficacy of this approach. The success of fragment-based methods is highly dependent on the identity of the fragment library used for screening. The vast majority of FBDD has centered on the use of sp(2)-rich aromatic compounds. An expanded set of fragments that possess more 3D character would provide access to a larger chemical space of fragments than those currently used. Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) aims to efficiently generate a set of molecules diverse in skeletal and stereochemical properties. Molecules derived from DOS have also displayed significant success in the modulation of function of various "difficult" targets. Herein, we describe the application of DOS toward the construction of a unique set of fragments containing highly sp(3)-rich skeletons for fragment-based screening. Using cheminformatic analysis, we quantified the shapes and physical properties of the new 3D fragments and compared them with a database containing known fragment-like molecules.
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12
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13
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D’Addona D, Carotenuto A, Novellino E, Piccand V, Reubi JC, Di Cianni A, Gori F, Papini AM, Ginanneschi M. Novel sst5-Selective Somatostatin Dicarba-Analogues: Synthesis and Conformation−Affinity Relationships. J Med Chem 2008; 51:512-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jm070886i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Debora D’Addona
- Laboratory of Peptides and Proteins, Chemistry and Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Firenze, Via Lastruccia 13 I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Napoli, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Italy, Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 31 CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland, and Laboratory of Peptides and Proteins, Chemistry and Biology, Department of
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Laboratory of Peptides and Proteins, Chemistry and Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Firenze, Via Lastruccia 13 I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Napoli, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Italy, Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 31 CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland, and Laboratory of Peptides and Proteins, Chemistry and Biology, Department of
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Laboratory of Peptides and Proteins, Chemistry and Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Firenze, Via Lastruccia 13 I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Napoli, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Italy, Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 31 CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland, and Laboratory of Peptides and Proteins, Chemistry and Biology, Department of
| | - Véronique Piccand
- Laboratory of Peptides and Proteins, Chemistry and Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Firenze, Via Lastruccia 13 I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Napoli, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Italy, Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 31 CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland, and Laboratory of Peptides and Proteins, Chemistry and Biology, Department of
| | - Jean Claude Reubi
- Laboratory of Peptides and Proteins, Chemistry and Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Firenze, Via Lastruccia 13 I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Napoli, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Italy, Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 31 CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland, and Laboratory of Peptides and Proteins, Chemistry and Biology, Department of
| | - Alessandra Di Cianni
- Laboratory of Peptides and Proteins, Chemistry and Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Firenze, Via Lastruccia 13 I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Napoli, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Italy, Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 31 CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland, and Laboratory of Peptides and Proteins, Chemistry and Biology, Department of
| | - Francesca Gori
- Laboratory of Peptides and Proteins, Chemistry and Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Firenze, Via Lastruccia 13 I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Napoli, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Italy, Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 31 CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland, and Laboratory of Peptides and Proteins, Chemistry and Biology, Department of
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Laboratory of Peptides and Proteins, Chemistry and Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Firenze, Via Lastruccia 13 I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Napoli, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Italy, Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 31 CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland, and Laboratory of Peptides and Proteins, Chemistry and Biology, Department of
| | - Mauro Ginanneschi
- Laboratory of Peptides and Proteins, Chemistry and Biology, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Firenze, Via Lastruccia 13 I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Napoli, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Italy, Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 31 CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland, and Laboratory of Peptides and Proteins, Chemistry and Biology, Department of
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Desymmetrization of 7-azabicycloalkenes by tandem olefin metathesis for the preparation of natural product scaffolds. Beilstein J Org Chem 2007; 3:48. [PMID: 18088413 PMCID: PMC2200670 DOI: 10.1186/1860-5397-3-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tandem olefin metathesis sequences are known to be versatile for the generation of natural product scaffolds and have also been used for ring opening of strained carbo- and heterocycles. In this paper we demonstrate the potential of these reactions for the desymmetrization of 7-azabicycloalkenes. Results We have established efficient protocols for the desymmetrization of different 7-azabicycloalkenes by intra- and intermolecular tandem metathesis sequences with ruthenium based catalysts. Conclusion Desymmetrization of 7-azabicycloalkenes by olefin metathesis is an efficient process for the preparation of common natural product scaffolds such as pyrrolidines, indolizidines and isoindoles.
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Bracca ABJ, Kaufman TS. Synthesis of the Carbon Framework of the Stephaoxocanes Employing a Sequential RCM/Pomeranz–Fritsch Approach. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Trabocchi A, Scarpi D, Guarna A. Structural diversity of bicyclic amino acids. Amino Acids 2007; 34:1-24. [PMID: 17701095 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the years biomedical research has been constantly oriented towards the development of new therapeutics based on bioactive peptides and their analogues. In particular, the generation of compounds having structures and functions similar to bioactive peptides, named "peptidomimetics", raised much interest among organic and medicinal chemists due to the possibility by using such compounds to improve both potency and stability of peptidic lead compounds. In the context of this research area, unnatural amino acids are of great interest in drug discovery, and their use as new building blocks for the development of peptidomimetics with high diversity level and possessing high-ordered structures is of special interest. In particular, medicinal chemistry has taken advantage of the use of amino acid homologues and of cyclic and polycyclic templates to introduce elements of diversity for the generation of new molecules as drug candidates. Bicyclic amino acids have been developed as reverse turn mimetics and dipeptide isosteres, and the constraint imposed by their structures has been reported as a tool for controlling the conformational preferences of modified peptides. Moreover, synthetic efforts have been driven to the generation of diverse structures based on the modulation of ring size and scaffold decoration by suitable functional groups. Herein is reported an overview of different classes of bicyclic amino acids, taking into account the strategies to achieve structurally diverse templates, and some implications in medicinal chemistry are also disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trabocchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica Ugo Schiff, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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Soper DL, Sheville JX, O'Neil SV, Wang Y, Laufersweiler MC, Oppong KA, Wos JA, Ellis CD, Baize MW, Chen JJ, Fancher AN, Lu W, Suchanek MK, Wang RL, Schwecke WP, Cruze CA, Buchalova M, Belkin M, Wireko F, Ritter A, De B, Wang D, Demuth TP. Synthesis and evaluation of novel 8,5-fused bicyclic peptidomimetic compounds as interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:7880-92. [PMID: 16908171 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 07/26/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An 8,5-fused bicyclic peptidomimetic ring system generated by a stereoselective ring metathesis reaction was elaborated into potent inhibitors of interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE, caspase-1). Multiple compounds were found that exhibited ICE IC50 values < 10 nM and were selective over caspase-3 and caspase-8. These active analogs generally possessed good activity (IC50 values < 100 nM) in a whole cell assay measuring IL-1beta production. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the ethyl acetal prodrug form of a selected active lead revealed a compound with a reasonable plasma half-life (1.1 h) and good oral bioavailability (30%).
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Soper
- The Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cincinnati, OH 45241, USA
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Büchert M, Meinke S, Prenzel AHGP, Deppermann N, Maison W. Azabicycloalkenes as Synthetic Intermediates − Synthesis of Azabicyclo[X.3.0]alkane Scaffolds. Org Lett 2006; 8:5553-6. [PMID: 17107070 DOI: 10.1021/ol062219+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A general method to synthesize functionalized azabicyclo[X.3.0]alkane scaffolds 5 is reported. Key intermediates are azabicycloalkenes such as 1 and 2, which are acylated with unsaturated carboxylic acids and subsequently submitted to tandem olefin metathesis. The resulting bicyclic heterocycles are versatile intermediates for different dipeptide mimetics and can be used as intermediates for natural products with indolizidine scaffolds or analogues thereof. [reaction: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Büchert
- Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, Institut für Organische Chemie, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Meng HY, Thomas KM, Lee AE, Zondlo NJ. Effects of i and i+3 residue identity on cis-trans isomerism of the aromatic(i+1)-prolyl(i+2) amide bond: implications for type VI beta-turn formation. Biopolymers 2006; 84:192-204. [PMID: 16208767 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cis-trans isomerization of amide bonds plays critical roles in protein molecular recognition, protein folding, protein misfolding, and disease. Aromatic-proline sequences are particularly prone to exhibit cis amide bonds. The roles of residues adjacent to a tyrosine-proline residue pair on cis-trans isomerism were examined. A short series of peptides XYPZ was synthesized and cis-trans isomerism was analyzed. Based on these initial studies, a series of peptides XYPN, X = all 20 canonical amino acids, was synthesized and analyzed by NMR for i residue effects on cis-trans isomerization. The following effects were observed: (a) aromatic residues immediately preceding Tyr-Pro disfavor cis amide bonds, with K(trans/cis)= 5.7-8.0, W > Y > F; (b) proline residues preceding Tyr-Pro lead to multiple species, exhibiting cis-trans isomerization of either or both X-Pro amide bonds; and (c) other residues exhibit similar values of K(trans/cis) (= 2.9-4.2), with Thr and protonated His exhibiting the highest fraction cis. beta-Branched and short polar residues were somewhat more favorable in stabilizing the cis conformation. Phosphorylation of serine at the i position modestly increases the stability of the cis conformer. In addition, the effect of the i+3 residue was examined in a limited series of peptides TYPZ. NMR data indicated that aromatic residues, Pro, Asn, Ala, and Val at the i+3 residue all favor cis amide bonds, with aromatic residues and Asn favoring more compact phi at Tyr(cis) and Ala and Pro favoring more extended phi at Tyr(cis). D-Alanine at the i+3 position particularly disfavors cis amide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yun Meng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Stereoselective synthesis of trans-2,3-disubstituted pyrrolidines via addition to N-acyliminium ions. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Børsting P, Christensen MS, Steffansen SI, Nielsen P. Synthesis of dinucleotides with 2′-C to phosphate connections by ring-closing metathesis. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Harris PWR, Brimble MA. Synthesis of macrocyclic analogues of the neuroprotective agent glycyl-l-prolyl-l-glutamic acid (GPE). Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:2696-709. [PMID: 16826294 DOI: 10.1039/b605293b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of seven macrocyclic analogues of the neuroprotective tripeptide glycyl-L-prolyl-L-glutamic acid (GPE) are described. Macrocycles 6 and 7 mimic the cis conformer of GPE whereas macrocycles 2-5, 8, and 9 mimic the trans conformer of GPE. The macrocyclic peptides of well-defined geometry were prepared via Grubbs ring closing metathesis of an appropriate diene precursor. In turn each of the diene precursors were prepared from the readily available allyl-substituted amino acid building blocks 12, 13, 14, 27, 36 and 51.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W R Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St., Auckland, New Zealand
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Maechling S, Norman SE, McKendrick JE, Basra S, Köppner K, Blechert S. Ring-rearrangement metathesis of bicyclic amino acid derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.10.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Moloney MG, Panchal T, Pike R. trans-2,5-Disubstituted pyrrolidines: rapid stereocontrolled access from sulfones. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:3894-7. [PMID: 17047867 DOI: 10.1039/b611583g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A direct and versatile route for the reliable synthesis of trans-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines from pyroglutamic acid is reported, which can be conducted at scale and without chromatographic purification of key intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark G Moloney
- The Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, The University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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26
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O'Neil SV, Wang Y, Laufersweiler MC, Oppong KA, Soper DL, Wos JA, Ellis CD, Baize MW, Bosch GK, Fancher AN, Lu W, Suchanek MK, Wang RL, De B, Demuth TP. Synthesis and evaluation of novel 8,6-fused bicyclic peptidomimetic compounds as interleukin-1β converting enzyme inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:5434-8. [PMID: 16216507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Accepted: 08/30/2005] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Two novel 8,6-fused bicyclic peptidomimetic ring systems were synthesized utilizing olefin metathesis as the key reaction for the formation of the eight-membered ring. Both peptidomimetic scaffolds were further elaborated into potent ICE inhibitors, with numerous compounds exhibiting caspase-1 IC(50)s less than 10nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven V O'Neil
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45040, USA.
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27
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Enders D, Lenzen A, Raabe G. Asymmetric Synthesis of the 1-epi Aglycon of the Cripowellins A and B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:3766-9. [PMID: 15892131 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200500556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Enders
- Institut für Organische Chemie, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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28
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Enders D, Lenzen A, Raabe G. Asymmetrische Synthese des Grundgerüsts der Cripowelline A und B - das 1-epi-Aglycon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200500556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: annual survey covering the year 2003. Coord Chem Rev 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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31
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32
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Aggarwal VK, Astle CJ, Iding H, Wirz B, Rogers-Evans M. Separation of pyrrolidine allylation products by diastereoselective enzymatic ester hydrolysis. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Cluzeau J, Lubell WD. Design, synthesis, and application of azabicyclo[X.Y.0]alkanone amino acids as constrained dipeptide surrogates and peptide mimics. Biopolymers 2005; 80:98-150. [PMID: 15795926 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Azabicyclo[X.Y.0]alkanone amino acids are challenging synthetic targets and useful tools for studying structure-activity relationships of native peptide ligands. They have been employed to increase potency and stability in conformationally rigid enzyme inhibitors and receptor ligands. Since last reviewed in 1997, activity in their synthesis and application has increased significantly and access is now available to a wider diversity of these peptide mimics. This review focuses on recent syntheses of these heterocyclic amino acids and their application in the investigation of biologically active peptides and peptide mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Cluzeau
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Québec, Canada
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34
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Kazmaier U, Hebach C, Watzke A, Maier S, Mues H, Huch V. A straightforward approach towards cyclic peptides via ring-closing metathesis—scope and limitations. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:136-45. [PMID: 15602609 DOI: 10.1039/b411228h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N- and C-terminal diallylated peptides are obtained by several approaches, such as peptide Claisen rearrangement, N- and O- allylation, and the Ugi reaction of allyl-protected components. These diallylated peptides are suitable substrates for ring-closing metathesis and the success of this cyclisation was investigated with respect to the ring size, the position of the allyl moieties and the reaction parameters. In general, excellent yields are obtained for cyclisation of allyl glycine subunits and N-allylated amides, while allyl esters and allyl carbamates often presented serious problems. However, yields of up to 73% were obtained under optimised conditions, and the new generated double bond is formed with excellent trans-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uli Kazmaier
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, D-66123, Germany.
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35
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Kaiser J, Kinderman SS, van Esseveldt BCJ, van Delft FL, Schoemaker HE, Blaauw RH, Rutjes FPJT. Synthetic applications of aliphatic unsaturated α-H-α-amino acids. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:3435-67. [PMID: 16172678 DOI: 10.1039/b507973j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the literature concerning synthetic applications of unsaturated aliphatic amino acids in the period May 2000 to December 2004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Kaiser
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Toernooiveld 1, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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36
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Børsting P, Freitag M, Nielsen P. Dinucleotides containing two allyl groups by combinations of allyl phosphotriesters, 5-allyl-, 2′-O-allyl- and 2′-arabino-O-allyl uridine derivatives as substrates for ring-closing metathesis. Tetrahedron 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2004.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Creighton CJ, Leo GC, Du Y, Reitz AB. Design, synthesis, and conformational analysis of eight-membered cyclic peptidomimetics prepared using ring closing metathesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:4375-85. [PMID: 15265489 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2004] [Revised: 06/10/2004] [Accepted: 06/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As part of a program to identify novel scaffolds that adopt defined secondary structure when incorporated into peptides, we have designed and prepared a library of constrained eight-membered ring lactams based upon 7-amino-8-oxo-1,2,3,6,7-pentahydroazocine-2-carboxylic acid. Ring closing metathesis (RCM) was employed as the key step, proceeding in high yields to afford the Z olefin. In this reaction sequence, the first generation benzylidene ruthenium RCM catalyst was superior to the second-generation imidazoline catalyst, which gave extensive oligomerization at higher concentrations. Conformational analysis of the 2S,7S and 2R,7S stereoisomers revealed that the 2R,7S isomer is a Type VIa beta-turn in the solid state (X-ray crystal structure) and in water (NMR analysis). The Type VIa beta-turn is relatively rare, typically bearing the cis amide bond found in proline-containing sequences. The 2S,7S diastereomer has an extended geometry of the pendent amide chains. The corresponding saturated derivatives (7-amino-8-oxoazocane-2-carboxylic acid) were also synthesized and investigated. The 2S,7S azocane bears an extended geometry and mimics the C(+) conformer of ox-[Cys-Cys], found in a variety of naturally occurring peptides. The scaffolds described here are useful for the design of constrained peptidomimics with defined secondary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Creighton
- Drug Discovery Division, PO Box 776, Welsh and McKean Rds., Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477-0777, USA
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38
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Synthesis of cis-2,5-disubstituted pyrrolidines via diastereoselective reduction of N-acyl iminium ions. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.04.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Nakamura I, Yamamoto Y. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2004; 104:2127-98. [PMID: 15137788 DOI: 10.1021/cr020095i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1294] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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