1
|
Ansari S, Knipe PC. Atropisomeric Foldamers. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202400218. [PMID: 38683695 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This concept article explores the emerging role of atropisomerism in foldamer chemistry, a field focussed on oligomers that adopt well-defined conformations through non-covalent interactions. Atropisomerism introduces a novel dimension to foldamer design by restricting rotational freedom around single bonds to dictate molecular shape with precision. Despite the prevalence of atropisomeric bonds in organic synthesis, their application within foldamers remains underexplored. Here, we discuss key developments in both backbone and sidechain atropisomerism, and suggest future directions for atropisomeric foldamers in the context of a recent surge in atropselective synthetic methods. We propose that judicious use of atropisomerism may serve as a transformative tool in the construction of shape-defined macromolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Ansari
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Peter C Knipe
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nguyen XT, Le TQ, Bui Thi TM, Mac DH, Bui TTT. Synthesis and crystal structure of peptide dimethyl biphenyl hybrid C 52H 60N 6O 10·0.25H 2O. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2020; 76:1675-1678. [PMID: 33117588 PMCID: PMC7534232 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989020012931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and crystal structure of peptide 6,6'-dimethyl biphenyl hybrid are described. The title compound was synthesized by reaction between 6,6'-dimethyl-[1,1'-biphen-yl]-2,2'-dicarbonyl dichloride in CH2Cl2, amine HN-proline-phenyl-alanine-alanine-COOMe and Et3N at 273 K under N2 atmosphere and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The asymmetric unit contains one peptide mol-ecule and a quarter of a water mol-ecule. A disorder of a methyl and meth-oxy-carbonyl group of one alanine residue is observed with occupancy ratio 0.502 (6):0.498 (6). The structure is consolidated by intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Tu Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, VNU University of science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Quynh Le
- Department of Chemistry, VNU University of science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tra My Bui Thi
- Department of Chemistry, VNU University of science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Hung Mac
- Department of Chemistry, VNU University of science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thai Thanh Thu Bui
- Department of Chemistry, VNU University of science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Le TQ, Nguyen XT, Nguyen HH, Mac DH, Bui TTT. Crystal structure of a tripeptide biphenyl hybrid C 50H 56N 6O 10·0.5H 2O. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2020; 76:257-260. [PMID: 32071757 PMCID: PMC7001844 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989020000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A peptide biphenyl hybrid compound {systematic name: dimethyl 2,2'-[((2S,2'S)-2,2'-{[(2S,2'S)-1,1'-([1,1'-biphen-yl]-2,2'-dicarbon-yl)bis-(pyrrolidine-1,2-diyl-2-carbon-yl)]bis-(aza-nedi-yl)}bis-(3-phenyl-propano-yl))bis-(aza-nedi-yl)](2S,2'S)-dipropionate hemihydrate}, C50H56N6O10·0.5H2O, was prepared by coupling of [1,1'-biphen-yl]-2,2'-dicarbonyl dichloride, tri-ethyl-amine and the tripeptide Pro-Phe-Ala in CH2Cl2 at 273 K under an N2 atmosphere. In the crystal, the asymmetric unit contains the peptide biphenyl hybrid accompanied by one-half of a water mol-ecule. A C atom of one of the proline rings is disordered between two positions in a 0.746 (11):0.254 (11) ratio. An important structural aspect of peptide compounds is their capacity to self-associate mediated by inter-molecular and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding. This characteristic can be useful in understanding the inter-actions between peptides and biomacromolecular targets, as well as to explain peptide properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Quynh Le
- Department of Chemistry, VNU University of science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Xuan Tu Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, VNU University of science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Huy Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, VNU University of science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Hung Mac
- Department of Chemistry, VNU University of science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thai Thanh Thu Bui
- Department of Chemistry, VNU University of science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mendive-Tapia L, Bertran A, García J, Acosta G, Albericio F, Lavilla R. Constrained Cyclopeptides: Biaryl Formation through Pd-Catalyzed C−H Activation in Peptides-Structural Control of the Cyclization vs. Cyclodimerization Outcome. Chemistry 2016; 22:13114-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park; Baldiri Reixac 10-12 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Alexandra Bertran
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park; Baldiri Reixac 10-12 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Jesús García
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park; Baldiri Reixac 10-12 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Gerardo Acosta
- CIBER-BBN; Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park; Baldiri Reixac 10-12 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- CIBER-BBN; Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park; Baldiri Reixac 10-12 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Barcelona; Martí i Franqués 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
- School of Chemistry; University of KwaZulu-Natal; 4001- Durban South Africa
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- CIBER-BBN; Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park; Baldiri Reixac 10-12 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Barcelona, Barcelona Science Park; Baldiri Reixac 10-12 08028 Barcelona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Curcio M, Salazar IL, Mele M, Canzoniero LMT, Duarte CB. Calpains and neuronal damage in the ischemic brain: The swiss knife in synaptic injury. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 143:1-35. [PMID: 27283248 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The excessive extracellular accumulation of glutamate in the ischemic brain leads to an overactivation of glutamate receptors with consequent excitotoxic neuronal death. Neuronal demise is largely due to a sustained activation of NMDA receptors for glutamate, with a consequent increase in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and activation of calcium- dependent mechanisms. Calpains are a group of Ca(2+)-dependent proteases that truncate specific proteins, and some of the cleavage products remain in the cell, although with a distinct function. Numerous studies have shown pre- and post-synaptic effects of calpains on glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses, targeting membrane- associated proteins as well as intracellular proteins. The resulting changes in the presynaptic proteome alter neurotransmitter release, while the cleavage of postsynaptic proteins affects directly or indirectly the activity of neurotransmitter receptors and downstream mechanisms. These alterations also disturb the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain, with an impact in neuronal demise. In this review we discuss the evidence pointing to a role for calpains in the dysregulation of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in brain ischemia, at the pre- and post-synaptic levels, as well as the functional consequences. Although targeting calpain-dependent mechanisms may constitute a good therapeutic approach for stroke, specific strategies should be developed to avoid non-specific effects given the important regulatory role played by these proteases under normal physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Curcio
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivan L Salazar
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miranda Mele
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cysteine proteases as therapeutic targets: does selectivity matter? A systematic review of calpain and cathepsin inhibitors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:506-19. [PMID: 26713267 PMCID: PMC4675809 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine proteases continue to provide validated targets for treatment of human diseases. In neurodegenerative disorders, multiple cysteine proteases provide targets for enzyme inhibitors, notably caspases, calpains, and cathepsins. The reactive, active-site cysteine provides specificity for many inhibitor designs over other families of proteases, such as aspartate and serine; however, a) inhibitor strategies often use covalent enzyme modification, and b) obtaining selectivity within families of cysteine proteases and their isozymes is problematic. This review provides a general update on strategies for cysteine protease inhibitor design and a focus on cathepsin B and calpain 1 as drug targets for neurodegenerative disorders; the latter focus providing an interesting query for the contemporary assumptions that irreversible, covalent protein modification and low selectivity are anathema to therapeutic safety and efficacy.
Collapse
Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer׳s disease
- ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- APP, amyloid precursor protein
- APP/PS1, Aβ overexpressing mice APP (K670N/M671L) and PS1 (M146L) mutants
- Ala, alanine
- Alzheimer׳s disease
- AppLon, London familial amyloid precursor protein mutation, APP (V717I)
- AppSwe, Swedish amyloid precursor protein mutation, APP (K670N/M671L)
- Arg, arginine
- Aβ, amyloid β
- Aβ1-42, amyloid β, 42 amino acid protein
- BACE-1, β-amyloid cleaving enzyme
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- CANP, calcium-activated neutral protease
- CNS, central nervous system
- CREB, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein
- CaMKII, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases II
- Calpain
- Cathepsin
- Cdk5/p35, activator of cyclin-dependent kinase 5
- Cysteine protease
- DTT, dithioerythritol
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- ERK1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2
- Enzyme inhibitors
- GSH, glutathione
- Gln, glutamine
- Glu, glutamic acid
- Gly, glutamine
- Hsp70.1, heat shock protein 70.1
- Ile, isoleucine
- KO, knockout
- Leu, leucine
- Lys, lysine
- MAP-2, microtubule-associated protein 2
- MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase 9
- Met, methionine
- NFT, neurofibrilliary tangles
- Neurodegeneration
- Nle, norleucine
- PD, Parkinson׳s disease
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PTP1B, protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B
- Phe, phenylalanine
- Pro, proline
- SP, senile plaques
- TBI, traumatic brain injury
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Thr, threonine
- Tyr, tyrosine
- Val, valine
- WRX, Trp-Arg containing epoxysuccinate cysteine protease inhibitor
- WT, wildtype
- isoAsp, isoaspartate
- pGlu, pyroglutamate
- pyroGluAβ, pyroglutamate-amyloid β
Collapse
|
7
|
Pérez Y, Mann E, Herradón B. Preparation and characterization of gold nanoparticles capped by peptide–biphenyl hybrids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 359:443-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
8
|
Donkor IO. Calpain inhibitors: a survey of compounds reported in the patent and scientific literature. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:601-36. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.568480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
9
|
Synthesis and applications of a chiral-oxygenated 3-chloro-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyran obtained under Overman rearrangement conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.10.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
10
|
Alonso M, Chicharro R, Miranda C, Arán VJ, Maestro MA, Herradón B. X-ray Diffraction, Solution Structure, and Computational Studies on Derivatives of (3-sec-Butyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-4-ylidene)acetic Acid: Compounds with Activity as Calpain Inhibitors. J Org Chem 2009; 75:342-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902091u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Alonso
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Chicharro
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Miranda
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente J. Arán
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Maestro
- Departamento de Quıímica Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Bernardo Herradón
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rasbach KA, Arrington DD, Odejinmi S, Giguere C, Beeson CC, Schnellmann RG. Identification and optimization of a novel inhibitor of mitochondrial calpain 10. J Med Chem 2009; 52:181-8. [PMID: 19072163 DOI: 10.1021/jm800735d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calpain 10 has been localized to the mitochondria and is a key mediator of Ca(2+) induced mitochondrial dysfunction. A peptide screen followed by a series of modifications identified the homodisulfide form of CYGAK (CYGAK)(2) as an inhibitor of calpain 10 while showing no inhibitory activity against calpain 1. Methylation or truncation of the N-terminal cysteine significantly reduced the inhibitory activity of (CYGAK)(2) and inhibition was reversed by reducing agents, suggesting that CYGAK forms a disulfide with a cysteine near the active site. Data suggests CYGAK may be a P' calpain inhibitor and may achieve its specificity through this mechanism. CYGAK inhibited calpain activity in intact mitochondria, renal cells, and hepatocytes, prevented Ca(2+) induced cleavage of NDUFV2, and blocked Ca(2+) induced state III dysfunction. (CYGAK)(2) is the first P' specific calpain inhibitor and will be a valuable tool to prevent Ca(2+) induced mitochondrial dysfunction and explore the function of calpain 10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Rasbach
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Cell Death, Injury, and Regeneration, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chicharro R, Alonso M, Arán VJ, Herradón B. Studies on calpain inhibitors. Synthesis of partially reduced isoquinoline-1-thione derivatives and conversion to functionalized 1-chloroisoquinolines. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
13
|
Alonso M, Herradón B. Neural Networks as a Tool To Classify Compounds According to Aromaticity Criteria. Chemistry 2007; 13:3913-23. [PMID: 17323387 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aromaticity is a fundamental concept in chemistry, with many theoretical and practical implications. Although most organic compounds can be categorized as aromatic, non-aromatic, or antiaromatic, it is often difficult to classify borderline compounds as well as to quantify this property. Many aromaticity criteria have been proposed, although none of them gives an entirely satisfactory solution. The inability to fully arrange organic compounds according to a single criterion arises from the fact that aromaticity is a multidimensional phenomenon. Neural networks are computational techniques that allow one to treat a large amount of data, thereby reducing the dimensionality of the input set to a bidimensional output. We present the successful applications of Kohonen's self-organizing maps to classify organic compounds according to aromaticity criteria, showing a good correlation between the aromaticity of a compound and its placement in a particular neuron. Although the input data for the training of the network were different aromaticity criteria (stabilization energy, diamagnetic susceptibility, NICS, NICS(1), and HOMA) for five-membered heterocycles, the method can be extended to other organic compounds. Some useful features of this method are: 1) it is very fast, requiring less than one minute of computational time to place a new compound in the map; 2) the placement of the different compounds in the map is conveniently visualized; 3) the position of a compound in the map depends on its aromatic character, thus allowing us to establish a quantitative scale of aromaticity, based on Euclidean distances between neurons, 4) it has predictive power. Overall, the results reported herein constitute a significant contribution to the longstanding debate on the quantitative treatment of aromaticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Alonso
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, C.S.I.C. Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Montero A, Albericio F, Royo M, Herradón B. Synthesis of a 24-Membered Cyclic Peptide-Biphenyl Hybrid. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
15
|
Chicharro R, Alonso M, Mazo MT, Arán VJ, Herradón B. Derivatives of 3-sec-Butyl-1-oxo-2,3-dihydroisoquinoline as Inhibitors of μ-Calpain. ChemMedChem 2006; 1:710-4. [PMID: 16902923 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Chicharro
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dolle RE. Comprehensive survey of combinatorial library synthesis: 2004. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 7:739-98. [PMID: 16283784 DOI: 10.1021/cc050082t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland E Dolle
- Department of Chemistry, Adolor Corporation, 700 Pennsylvania Drive, Exton, PA 19341, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Overman rearrangement in carbohydrate chemistry: stereoselective synthesis of functionalized 3-amino-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyrans and incorporation in peptide derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|