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Multivalent Carbohydrate-Lectin Interactions: How Synthetic Chemistry Enables Insights into Nanometric Recognition. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050629. [PMID: 27187342 PMCID: PMC6274006 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycan recognition by sugar receptors (lectins) is intimately involved in many aspects of cell physiology. However, the factors explaining the exquisite selectivity of their functional pairing are not yet fully understood. Studies toward this aim will also help appraise the potential for lectin-directed drug design. With the network of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins as therapeutic targets, the strategy to recruit synthetic chemistry to systematically elucidate structure-activity relationships is outlined, from monovalent compounds to glyco-clusters and glycodendrimers to biomimetic surfaces. The versatility of the synthetic procedures enables to take examining structural and spatial parameters, alone and in combination, to its limits, for example with the aim to produce inhibitors for distinct galectin(s) that exhibit minimal reactivity to other members of this group. Shaping spatial architectures similar to glycoconjugate aggregates, microdomains or vesicles provides attractive tools to disclose the often still hidden significance of nanometric aspects of the different modes of lectin design (sequence divergence at the lectin site, differences of spatial type of lectin-site presentation). Of note, testing the effectors alone or in combination simulating (patho)physiological conditions, is sure to bring about new insights into the cooperation between lectins and the regulation of their activity.
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Zhou J, Reidy M, O’Reilly C, Jarikote DV, Negi A, Samali A, Szegezdi E, Murphy PV. Decorated Macrocycles via Ring-Closing Double-Reductive Amination. Identification of an Apoptosis Inducer of Leukemic Cells That at Least Partially Antagonizes a 5-HT2 Receptor. Org Lett 2015; 17:1672-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- School of Chemistry and ‡School of Natural
Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Mairead Reidy
- School of Chemistry and ‡School of Natural
Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ciaran O’Reilly
- School of Chemistry and ‡School of Natural
Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dilip V. Jarikote
- School of Chemistry and ‡School of Natural
Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Arvind Negi
- School of Chemistry and ‡School of Natural
Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Afshin Samali
- School of Chemistry and ‡School of Natural
Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eva Szegezdi
- School of Chemistry and ‡School of Natural
Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paul V. Murphy
- School of Chemistry and ‡School of Natural
Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Abstract
Nitrogen-containing macrocyclic compounds (amines, amides, and N-heterocyclic derivatives) are important targets in supramolecular chemistry. This chapter discusses the importance of aza-macrocycles in general and, in particular, those receptors containing sugar unit(s). The combination of a carbohydrate scaffold bearing nitrogen-containing functional groups in macrocyclic molecules opens a convenient route to chiral receptors having potentially useful properties. The carbohydrate-based macrocycles discussed are classified into several general groups: (1) aza-crown ethers containing a carbohydrate subunit, (2) cyclic homooligomers from amino sugars, (3) sugar-based cryptands, (4) cyclic peptides containing amino sugar units (including C2- and C3-symmetrical macrocyclic glycopeptides), (5) nitrogen- containing glycophanes, and (6) 1,2,3-triazoles containing synthetic cyclodextrin analogues. The general strategies employed, as well as specific ones leading to such complex derivatives, are surveyed. Applications of such carbohydrate receptors, pointing to their importance as hosts in supramolecular chemistry, are discussed.
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Farrell M, Zhou J, Murphy PV. Regiospecific Anomerisation of Acylated Glycosyl Azides and Benzoylated Disaccharides by Using TiCl4. Chemistry 2013; 19:14836-51. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Abstract
This paper presents our attempt to investigate scopes and the limitations of olefin cross-metathesis (CM) reaction in the synthesis of complex C-glycosides of genistein and evaluation of their antiproliferative activities. Novel genistein glycoconjugates were synthesized with the utility of CM reaction initiated by first and second generation of Grubbs catalysts. The relative reactivity of utilized olefins, based on categories proposed by Grubbs, was estimated.In vitroexperiments in cancer cell lines showed that the selected derivatives (3aand3f) exhibited higher antiproliferative potential than the parent compound, genistein, and were able to block the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. The observed mechanism of action of C-glycosidic derivatives was similar to the activity of their O-glycosidic counterparts. These compounds were stable in culture medium. The obtained results show that our approach to genistein modification with application of cross-metathesis reaction allowed to obtain stable glycoconjugates with improved anticancer potential, compared to the parent isoflavone.
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Martí I, Rubio J, Bolte M, Burguete MI, Vicent C, Quesada R, Alfonso I, Luis SV. Tuning Chloride Binding, Encapsulation, and Transport by Peripheral Substitution of Pseudopeptidic Tripodal Small Cages. Chemistry 2012; 18:16728-41. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Wang GN, André S, Gabius HJ, Murphy PV. Bi- to tetravalent glycoclusters: synthesis, structure-activity profiles as lectin inhibitors and impact of combining both valency and headgroup tailoring on selectivity. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:6893-907. [PMID: 22842468 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob25870f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The emerging functional versatility of cellular glycans makes research on the design of synthetic inhibitors a timely topic. In detail, the combination of ligand (or headgroup or contact site) structure with spatial parameters that depend on topological and geometrical factors underlies the physiological selectivity of glycan-protein (lectin) recognition. We herein tested a panel of bi-, tri- and tetravalent compounds against two plant agglutinins and adhesion/growth-regulatory lectins (galectins). In addition, we examined the impact of headgroup tailoring (converting lactose to 2'-fucosyllactose) in combination with valency increase in two assay types of increasing biorelevance (from solid-phase binding to cell binding). Compounds were prepared using copper-catalysed azide alkyne cycloaddition from peracetylated lactosyl or 2'-fucosyllactosyl azides. Significant inhibition was achieved for the plant toxin with a tetravalent compound. Different levels of sensitivity were noted for the three groups of the galectin family. The headgroup extension to 2'-fucosyllactose led to a selectivity gain, especially for the chimera-type galectin-3. Valency increase established discrimination against the homodimeric proteins, whereas the combination of valency with the headgroup extension led to discrimination against the tandem-repeat-type galectin-8 for chicken galectins but not human galectins-3 and -4. Thus, detailed structure-activity profiling of glycoclusters combined with suitably modifying the contact site for the targeted lectin will help minimize cross-reactivity among this class of closely related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Nan Wang
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
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Martí-Centelles V, Burguete MI, Luis SV. Kinetic analysis for macrocyclizations involving anionic template at the transition state. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:748251. [PMID: 22666148 PMCID: PMC3347868 DOI: 10.1100/2012/748251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Several kinetic models for the macrocyclization of a C2 pseudopeptide with a dihalide through a SN2 reaction have been developed. These models not only focus on the kinetic analysis of the main macrocyclization reaction, but also consider the
competitive oligomerization/polymerization processes yielding undesired oligomeric/polymeric byproducts. The effect of anions has also been included in the kinetic models, as they can act as catalytic templates in the transition state reducing and stabilizing the transition state. The corresponding differential equation systems for each kinetic model can be solved numerically. Through a comprehensive analysis of these results, it is possible to obtain a better understanding of the different parameters that are involved in the macrocyclization reaction mechanism and to develop strategies for the optimization of the desired processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Martí-Centelles
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, E12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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Tiwari VK, Kumar A, Schmidt RR. Disaccharide-Containing Macrocycles by Click Chemistry and Intramolecular Glycosylation. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Martí-Centelles V, Burguete MI, Luis SV. Template Effects in SN2 Displacements for the Preparation of Pseudopeptidic Macrocycles. Chemistry 2012; 18:2409-22. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201101416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Allam A, Dupont L, Behr JB, Plantier-Royon R. Convenient Synthesis of a Galacturonic Acid Based Macrocycle with Potential Copper-Complexation Ability. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
This report describes a nickel-catalyzed allylic substitution process of simple alkenes whereby an important structural motif, a 1,4-diene, was prepared. The key to success is the use of an appropriate nickel-phosphine complex and a stoichiometric amount of silyl triflate. Reactions of 1-alkyl-substituted alkenes consistently provided 1,1-disubstituted alkenes with high selectivity. Insight into the reaction mechanism as well as miscellaneous application of the developed catalytic process is also documented.
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Jarikote DV, Li W, Jiang T, Eriksson LA, Murphy PV. Towards echinomycin mimetics by grafting quinoxaline residues on glycophane scaffolds. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 19:826-35. [PMID: 21195622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Echinomycin is a natural depsipeptide, which is a bisintercalator, inserting quinoxaline units preferentially adjacent to CG base pairs of DNA. Herein the design and synthesis of echinomycin mimetics based on grafting of two quinoxaline residues onto a macrocyclic scaffold (glycophane) is addressed. Binding of the compounds to calf-thymus DNA was studied using UV-vis and steady state fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as thermal denaturation. An interesting observation was enhancement of fluorescence emission for the peptidomimetics on binding to DNA, which contrasted with observations for echinomycin. Molecular dynamics simulations were exploited to explore in more detail if bis-intercalation to DNA was possible for one of the glycophanes. Bis-intercalating echinomycin complexes with DNA were found to be stable during 20ns simulations at 298K. However, the MD simulations of a glycophane complexed with a DNA octamer displayed very different behaviour to echinomycin and its quinoxaline units were found to rapidly migrate out from the intercalation site. Release of bis-intercalation strain occurred with only one of the quinoxaline chromophores remaining intercalated throughout the simulation. The distance between the quinoxaline residues in the glycophane at the end of the MD simulation was 7.3-7.5Å, whereas in echinomycin, the distance between the residues was ∼11Å, suggesting that longer glycophane scaffolds would be required to generate bis-intercalating echinomycin mimetics.
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Pilgrim W, Murphy PV. SnCl4- and TiCl4-Catalyzed Anomerization of Acylated O- and S-Glycosides: Analysis of Factors That Lead to Higher α:β Anomer Ratios and Reaction Rates. J Org Chem 2010; 75:6747-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jo101090f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Pilgrim
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Paul V. Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul V. Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland, Fax: +353‐91‐525700
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Dondoni A, Marra A. Transformation of linear oligoketosides into macrocyclic neoglycoconjugates. Tetrahedron Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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André S, Velasco-Torrijos T, Leyden R, Gouin S, Tosin M, Murphy PV, Gabius HJ. Phenylenediamine-based bivalent glycocyclophanes: synthesis and analysis of the influence of scaffold rigidity and ligand spacing on lectin binding in cell systems with different glycomic profiles. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:4715-25. [DOI: 10.1039/b913010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Doyle D, Murphy PV. Synthesis of novel glycophanes derived from glucuronic acid by ring closing alkene and alkyne metathesis. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2535-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Alfonso I, Bolte M, Bru M, Burguete M, Luis S. Designed Folding of Pseudopeptides: The Transformation of a Configurationally Driven Preorganization into a Stereoselective Multicomponent Macrocyclization Reaction. Chemistry 2008; 14:8879-8891. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Alfonso I, Bolte M, Bru M, Burguete MI, Luis SV, Rubio J. Supramolecular Control for the Modular Synthesis of Pseudopeptidic Macrocycles through an Anion-Templated Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:6137-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ja710132c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Alfonso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Biológica, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas y Ambientales de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIQAB-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, UAMOA, Universidad Jaume I/CSIC, Campus del Riu Sec, Avenida Sos Baynat, s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Michael Bolte
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Biológica, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas y Ambientales de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIQAB-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, UAMOA, Universidad Jaume I/CSIC, Campus del Riu Sec, Avenida Sos Baynat, s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Miriam Bru
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Biológica, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas y Ambientales de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIQAB-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, UAMOA, Universidad Jaume I/CSIC, Campus del Riu Sec, Avenida Sos Baynat, s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Burguete
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Biológica, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas y Ambientales de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIQAB-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, UAMOA, Universidad Jaume I/CSIC, Campus del Riu Sec, Avenida Sos Baynat, s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Biológica, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas y Ambientales de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIQAB-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, UAMOA, Universidad Jaume I/CSIC, Campus del Riu Sec, Avenida Sos Baynat, s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Jenifer Rubio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Biológica, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas y Ambientales de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIQAB-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, UAMOA, Universidad Jaume I/CSIC, Campus del Riu Sec, Avenida Sos Baynat, s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain
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Efficient glycosydation and/or esterification of d-glucuronic acid and its 6,1-lactone under solvent-free microwave irradiation. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gouin SG, Vanquelef E, García Fernández JM, Ortiz Mellet C, Dupradeau FY, Kovensky J. Multi-Mannosides Based on a Carbohydrate Scaffold: Synthesis, Force Field Development, Molecular Dynamics Studies, and Binding Affinities for Lectin Con A. J Org Chem 2007; 72:9032-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jo071248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien G. Gouin
- Laboratoire des Glucides UMR CNRS 6219, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France, DMAG, EA 3901, Faculté de Pharmacie et de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1-3 Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 553, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Enguerran Vanquelef
- Laboratoire des Glucides UMR CNRS 6219, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France, DMAG, EA 3901, Faculté de Pharmacie et de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1-3 Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 553, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Manuel García Fernández
- Laboratoire des Glucides UMR CNRS 6219, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France, DMAG, EA 3901, Faculté de Pharmacie et de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1-3 Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 553, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Laboratoire des Glucides UMR CNRS 6219, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France, DMAG, EA 3901, Faculté de Pharmacie et de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1-3 Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 553, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
| | - François-Yves Dupradeau
- Laboratoire des Glucides UMR CNRS 6219, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France, DMAG, EA 3901, Faculté de Pharmacie et de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1-3 Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 553, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Kovensky
- Laboratoire des Glucides UMR CNRS 6219, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 Rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens Cedex 1, France, DMAG, EA 3901, Faculté de Pharmacie et de Médecine, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1-3 Rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC, Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 553, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
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Alfonso I, Burguete MI, Galindo F, Luis SV, Vigara L. Molecular Rotors as Simple Models to Study Amide NH−Aromatic Interactions and Their Role in the Folding of Peptide-like Structures. J Org Chem 2007; 72:7947-56. [PMID: 17887711 DOI: 10.1021/jo701552b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The conformational behavior of designed macrocyclic naphthalenophanes (1a,b and 2a,b) derived from amino acids (Phe and Val) has been used for studying NH...pi interactions. The cycles having 16- and 17-membered rings showed a dynamic process within the NMR time scale, produced by the flipping of the aromatic naphthalene moiety with respect to the macrocyclic main plane. We used the temperature dependence of 1H NMR to obtain activation parameters of the energetic barrier for the process (variable temperature NMR and line shape analysis). The rate of the movement clearly depends on the macrocyclic ring size and, more interestingly, on the nature of the peptidomimetic side chain, the energetic barrier being higher for the compounds bearing aromatic side chains. A largely negative entropic contribution to the free energy of activation was observed, with clear differences due to the side chain nature. Molecular modeling studies suggest that the aromatic rings interact with intramolecularly H-bonded amide NH groups, protecting them from solvation and thus leading to a larger unfavorable activation entropy. This NH...pi interaction has been exploited for the preparation of new systems (1c and meso-1b) with designed conformational preferences, in which aromatic rings tend to fold over amide NH groups. Thus, these minimalistic molecular rotors have served us as simple model systems for the study of NH...pi interactions and their implication in the folding of peptide-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Alfonso
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, UAMOA, Universidad Jaume I, CSIC, Campus del Riu Sec, Avenida Sos Baynat, s/n, E-12071, Castellón, Spain.
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Recent Applications Of Alkene Metathesis For Fine Chemical And Supramolecular System Synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6091-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Balraju V, Iqbal J. Synthesis of Cyclic Peptides Constrained with Biarylamine Linkers Using Buchwald−Hartwig C−N Coupling. J Org Chem 2006; 71:8954-6. [PMID: 17081028 DOI: 10.1021/jo061366i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the synthesis of conformationally constrained cyclic peptides with biarylamine linkers for peptidomimetics using palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Buchwald-Hartwig C-N coupling. We have prepared a variety of di-, tri-, and tetrapeptides (16-22-membered) in good yields using this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Balraju
- Discovery Research, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Bollaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500 049, A.P., India
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon–transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2004. Coord Chem Rev 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Alfonso I, Burguete MI, Luis SV. A Hydrogen-Bonding-Modulated Molecular Rotor: Environmental Effect in the Conformational Stability of Peptidomimetic Macrocyclic Cyclophanes. J Org Chem 2006; 71:2242-50. [PMID: 16526769 DOI: 10.1021/jo051974i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The conformational behavior of 16- to 18-membered ring peptidomimetic p-cyclophanes 1a,b-3a,b has been studied by NMR. The cycles bearing 16 and 17 atoms showed a dynamic process within the NMR time scale, produced by the rotation of the aromatic p-diphenylene moiety with respect to the macrocyclic main plane. The temperature dependence of 1H NMR spectra has been studied in order to get activation parameters of the energetic barrier for the process (VT-NMR and line shape analysis). The rate of the movement clearly depends on the macrocyclic ring size and the nature of the peptidomimetic side chain. Entropic and enthalpic contributions to the free energy of activation are discussed. The rotation of the aromatic ring is closely related to the intramolecular hydrogen bonding pattern, as suggested by temperature factors of NH chemical shifts (DeltadeltaNH/DeltaT) and molecular modeling. The interconnected roles of the solvation and the intramolecular H-bonds have been established by measurements (VT-NMR and DeltadeltaNH/DeltaT) in environments of different polarities and H-bonding abilities. We concluded that the conformational stability of the systems directly depends on the stability of the intramolecular H-bonding pattern. We finally showed how one of these peptidomimetics behaves as a methanol-dependent artificial molecular rotor. In this simple molecular device, the well-defined molecular rotation is tuned by the competition between intramolecular hydrogen bonds and interactions with the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Alfonso
- Departamento de Química Inorganica y Organica, UAMOA, Universidad Jaume I, Campus del Riu Sec, Avenida Sos Baynat, s/n, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
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Efficient syntheses of new chiral peptidomimetic macrocycles through a configurationally driven preorganization. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tosin M, Murphy PV. Synthesis of Structurally Defined Scaffolds for Bivalent Ligand Display Based on Glucuronic Acid Anilides. The Degree of Tertiary Amide Isomerism and Folding Depends on the Configuration of a Glycosyl Azide. J Org Chem 2005; 70:4107-17. [PMID: 15876103 DOI: 10.1021/jo050200z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[structures: see text] Syntheses and structural analyses of bivalent carbohydrates based on anilides of glucuronic acid are described. Secondary anilides predominantly adopted the Z-anti structure; there is also evidence for population of the Z-syn isomer. Bivalent tertiary anilides displayed two signal sets in their NMR spectra, consistent with the presence of (i) a major isomer where both amides have E configurations (EE) and (ii) a minor isomer where one amide is E and the other Z (EZ). Qualitative NOE/ROE spectroscopic studies in solution support the proposal that the anti conformation is preferred for E amides. The crystal structure of one bivalent tertiary anilide showed E-anti and E-syn structural isomers; intramolecular carbohydrate-carbohydrate stacking was observed and mediated by carbonyl-pyranose, azide-azide, and pyranose-aromatic interactions. The EE to EZ isomer ratio, or the degree of folding, for tertiary amides, was greatest for a bivalent compound containing two alpha-glycosyl azide groups; this was enhanced in water, suggesting that hydrophobic interactions are partially but not wholly responsible. Computational methods predicted azide-aromatic (N...H-C interaction) and azide-azide interactions for folded isomers. The close contact of the azide and aromatic protons (N...H-C interaction) was observed upon examination of the close packing in the crystal structure of a related monomer. It is proposed that the alpha-azide group is more optimally aligned, compared to the beta-azide, to facilitate interaction and minimize the surface area of the hydrophobic groups exposed to water, and this leads to the increased folding. The alkylation of bivalent secondary anilides induces a switch from Z to E amide that alters the scaffold orientation. The synthesis of a bivalent mannoside, based on a secondary anilide scaffold, for investigation of mannose-binding receptor cross-linking and lattice formation is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Tosin
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Dörner S, Westermann B. A short route for the synthesis of “sweet” macrocycles via a click-dimerization–ring-closing metathesis approach. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:2852-4. [PMID: 15928780 DOI: 10.1039/b502682b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile and flexible approach for the preparation of macrocyclic molecules containing different carbohydrate moieties is presented, employing the reaction cascade: click-dimerization and ring-closing metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Dörner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Velasco-Torrijos T, Murphy PV. Synthesis and conformational analysis of novel water soluble macrocycles incorporating carbohydrates, including a β-cyclodextrin mimic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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