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Peng LY, Jin R, Zhang SR, Liu XY, Fang WH, Cui G. Roles of Nonadiabatic Processes, Reaction Mechanism, and Selectivity in Cu-Catalyzed [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition of Norbornene and Acetone to Oxetane. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11334-11346. [PMID: 39094225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Oxetane has been extensively studied for its applications in medicinal chemistry and as a reactive intermediate in synthesis. Experiments report a Cu-catalyzed [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of acetone and norbornene to oxetane, which is proposed to deviate from the conventional Paternò-Büchi reaction. However, its mechanism at the atomic level is not clear. In this study, we used a combination of multistate complete active space second-order perturbation theory (MS-CASPT2) and density functional theory to systematically investigate the reaction mechanism and elucidate the factors contributing to the diastereomeric selectivity. Initially, the formation of the TpCu(Norb) complex is achieved by strong interaction between tris(pyrazolyl)borate Cu(I) (TpCu) and norbornene in the ground state (S0). Upon photoexcitation, TpCu(Norb) eventually decays to the T1 state, in which TpCu(Norb) attacks acetone to initiate subsequent reactions and produces final endo- or exo-oxetane products. All these reactions initially involve the C-C bond formation in the T1 state thereto leading to a ring-opening intermediate. This intermediate then undergoes a nonradiative transition to the S0 state, producing a five-membered ring intermediate, from which the C-O bond is formed, leading to the experimentally dominant exo-product. In contrast, the endo-oxetane formation requires a rearrangement process after the C-C bond is formed because of the large steric effects. As a consequence, the different reaction pathways generating exo- and endo-products exhibit large differences in the free-energy barriers, which results in a diastereomeric selectivity observed experimentally. Additionally, the nonradiative transition is found to play an important role in facilitating these reaction steps. The present computational study provides valuable mechanistic insights into Cu-catalyzed photocycloaddition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ya Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Rui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shi-Ru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Debayan Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; 769008 Rourkela India
| | - Nabakumar Bera
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; 769008 Rourkela India
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; 700032 Jadavpur Kolkata India
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Flores DM, Schmidt VA. Intermolecular 2 + 2 Carbonyl–Olefin Photocycloadditions Enabled by Cu(I)–Norbornene MLCT. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8741-8745. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Flores
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Valerie A. Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritabrata Datta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700
032, India
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700
032, India
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Poplata S, Tröster A, Zou YQ, Bach T. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Cyclobutanes by Olefin [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition Reactions. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9748-815. [PMID: 27018601 PMCID: PMC5025837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 661] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The [2 + 2] photocycloaddition is undisputedly the most important and most frequently used photochemical reaction. In this review, it is attempted to cover all recent aspects of [2 + 2] photocycloaddition chemistry with an emphasis on synthetically relevant, regio-, and stereoselective reactions. The review aims to comprehensively discuss relevant work, which was done in the field in the last 20 years (i.e., from 1995 to 2015). Organization of the data follows a subdivision according to mechanism and substrate classes. Cu(I) and PET (photoinduced electron transfer) catalysis are treated separately in sections 2 and 4 , whereas the vast majority of photocycloaddition reactions which occur by direct excitation or sensitization are divided within section 3 into individual subsections according to the photochemically excited olefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saner Poplata
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Tröster
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - You-Quan Zou
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis
Research Center (CRC), Technische Universität
München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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Datta R, Dixon RJ, Ghosh S. A convenient access to the tricyclic core structure of hippolachnin A. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Schmidt VA, Hoyt JM, Margulieux GW, Chirik PJ. Cobalt-Catalyzed [2π + 2π] Cycloadditions of Alkenes: Scope, Mechanism, and Elucidation of Electronic Structure of Catalytic Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7903-14. [PMID: 26030841 PMCID: PMC5633266 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b04034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Aryl-substituted bis(imino)pyridine
cobalt dinitrogen compounds,
(RPDI)CoN2, are effective precatalysts for the
intramolecular [2π + 2π] cycloaddition of α,ω-dienes
to yield the corresponding bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane derivatives. The
reactions proceed under mild thermal conditions with unactivated alkenes,
tolerating both amine and ether functional groups. The overall second
order rate law for the reaction, first order with respect to both
the cobalt precatalyst and the substrate, in combination with electron
paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic studies established the
catalyst resting state as dependent on the identity of the precatalyst
and diene substrate. Planar S =1/2 κ3-bis(imino)pyridine cobalt alkene and
tetrahedral κ2-bis(imino)pyridine cobalt diene complexes
were observed by EPR spectroscopy and in the latter case structurally
characterized. The hemilabile chelate facilitates conversion of a
principally ligand-based singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO)
in the cobalt dinitrogen and alkene compounds to a metal-based SOMO
in the diene intermediates, promoting C–C bond-forming oxidative
cyclization. Structure–activity relationships on bis(imino)pyridine
substitution were also established with 2,4,6-tricyclopentyl-substituted
aryl groups, resulting in optimized catalytic [2π + 2π]
cycloaddition. The cyclopentyl groups provide a sufficiently open
metal coordination sphere that encourages substrate coordination while
remaining large enough to promote a challenging, turnover-limiting
C(sp3)–C(sp3) reductive elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jordan M Hoyt
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Grant W Margulieux
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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Jana A, Mondal S, Ghosh S. Studies towards the synthesis of bielschowskysin. Construction of the highly functionalized bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane segment. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1846-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02182g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A stereocontrolled approach for the construction of a highly functionalized bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane derivative embodying the bridged lactone present in the diterpene bielschowskysin is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Jana
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Jadavpur
- India
| | - Sujit Mondal
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Jadavpur
- India
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Jadavpur
- India
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Meng B, Huang X, Wu L. Electrophilic Addition of Allylic Carbocations to 2-Cyclopropylidene-2-arylethanols: A Strategy to 3-Oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201201073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Jana A, Mondal S, Firoj Hossain M, Ghosh S. Stereocontrolled approach to the highly functionalized bicyclo[3.2.0] heptane core of bielschowskysin through intramolecular Cu(I)-catalyzed [2+2] photocycloaddition. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ausmees K, Kriis K, Pehk T, Werner F, Järving I, Lopp M, Kanger T. Diastereoselective multicomponent cascade reaction leading to [3.2.0]-heterobicyclic compounds. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10680-7. [PMID: 23113764 DOI: 10.1021/jo3019413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A general three-component triple cascade reaction through an iminium-enamine-iminium sequential activation initiated by a hetero-Michael addition to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes affords [3.2.0]heterobicycles in high diastereoselectivity. The rate and diastereoselectivity of the reaction depended on the (E)-4-heterocrotonate and size of the secondary amine. The enantiomers of the major diastereoisomer of oxa- and azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane derivatives were separated by enzymatic kinetic resolution with immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase B (CALB), with E values up to 153. The absolute configuration of the nonacylated enantiomer of oxabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane was determined by single crystal X-ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerti Ausmees
- Faculty of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
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Ramesh D, Rajaram S, Prabhakar P, Ramulu U, Kumar Reddy D, Venkateswarlu Y. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Stagonolide G. Helv Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Mondal S, Yadav RN, Ghosh S. Unprecedented influence of remote substituents on reactivity and stereoselectivity in Cu(i)-catalysed [2 + 2] photocycloaddition. An approach towards the synthesis of tricycloclavulone. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:4903-13. [PMID: 21573291 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05233k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Mondal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
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Unprecedented copper(I)-catalyzed photochemical reaction of diethyl ether with vicinal diols and ketals. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Ke C, Yang C, Mori T, Wada T, Liu Y, Inoue Y. Catalytic Enantiodifferentiating Photocyclodimerization of 2-Anthracenecarboxylic Acid Mediated by a Non-Sensitizing Chiral Metallosupramolecular Host. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:6675-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Ke C, Yang C, Mori T, Wada T, Liu Y, Inoue Y. Catalytic Enantiodifferentiating Photocyclodimerization of 2-Anthracenecarboxylic Acid Mediated by a Non-Sensitizing Chiral Metallosupramolecular Host. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Hoffmann
- Laboratoire des Réactions Sélectives et Applications, UMR 6519 CNRS et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, F-51687 Reims, Cedex 02, France
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Convenient route to enantiopure substituted butyrolactones: application in a formal synthesis of both enantiomers of enterolactone. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Jone Iriondo‐Alberdi
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ, UK, Fax: +44‐131‐650‐4743
| | - Michael F. Greaney
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ, UK, Fax: +44‐131‐650‐4743
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Yamashita M, Yadav ND, Sawaki T, Takao I, Kawasaki I, Sugimoto Y, Miyatake A, Murai K, Takahara A, Kurume A, Ohta S. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (−)-Linderol A. J Org Chem 2007; 72:5697-703. [PMID: 17579456 DOI: 10.1021/jo070682+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-Linderol A, a potent inhibitor of melanin biosynthesis of cultured B-16 melanoma cells, has been achieved via two key reactions: a diastereoselective [2+2] photocycloaddition of a coumarin-3-carboxylate bearing a chiral auxiliary with 3-methyl-1-butene and a subsequent stereoconvergent transformation of the photoadducts with use of dimethylsulfoxonium methylide to afford a tetrahydrodibenzofuran derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Yamashita
- Department of Functional Molecular Chemistry, 21st COE Program, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi-Nakauchi 5, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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22
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Bernard AM, Frongia A, Ollivier J, Piras PP, Secci F, Spiga M. A highly stereocontrolled formal total synthesis of (±)- and of (−)-grandisol by 1,4-conjugated addition of organocopper reagents to cyclobutylidene derivatives. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.03.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ghosh S, Bhaumik T, Sarkar N, Nayek A. A Convenient Approach for Access to Both Carbapentofuranoses and Carbahexopyranoses. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Enantiopure Carba-d-ribofuranoses, Carba-d-arabinofuranoses and Carba-l-gulopyranose. J Org Chem 2006; 71:9687-94. [PMID: 17168586 DOI: 10.1021/jo061717t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to carbasugars in enantiomerically pure form is reported. The key step involves ring-closing metathesis of dienols 6 derived from a (R)-(+)-glyceraldehyde derivative 4 to form the substituted cyclopentenol 9 and cyclohexenol 34a. Stereocontrolled addition of hydroxyl groups followed by conversion of the ketal unit to hydroxymethyl group in these intermediates led to carbapentoses and -hexoses. Stereoselectivity during introduction of hydroxyl groups arises through the steric hindrance posed by the allylic substituents. A remarkable feature of the present approach is the accessibility of both d- and l-series of carbapentoses as illustrated by the synthesis of beta-D- and beta-L-carbaribofuranoses 17 and 20, respectively. Carba-alpha-D-ribofuranose 25, the biosynthetic intermediate to the antibiotic aristeromycin, has also been synthesized from the same cyclopentenol 9. Functional group manipulation in the cyclopentenol 9a also enabled access to carbaarabinofuranose 32. The present synthetic strategy can be extended for the synthesis of carbahexopyranose, as illustrated by the synthesis of carba-alpha-L-gulopyranose 40b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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25
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Ghosh S, Sinha S, Drew MGB. Stereodivergent Approach to the Asymmetric Synthesis of Bacillariolides: A Formal Synthesis of ent-Bacillariolide II. Org Lett 2006; 8:3781-4. [PMID: 16898816 DOI: 10.1021/ol061377y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Asymmetric synthesis of densely functionalized bicyclic frameworks for entry into bacillariolides I/III and ent-bacillariolide II is reported. The key features are ring-closing metathesis of a pair of diastereomerically related dienes obtained through a stereodivergent route from a R-(+)-glyceraldehyde derivative, transformation of a nonstereoselective cyclopentene ester enolate alkylation process to a completely stereoselective one through alkylation of a bulky ester enolate with a bulky electrophile, and a remote silyloxymethyl group directed epoxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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Bernard AM, Frongia A, Secci F, Piras PP. 2,2-Dimethyl cyclopentanones by acid catalyzed ring expansion of isopropenylcyclobutanols. A short synthesis of (±)-α-cuparenone and (±)-herbertene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:3853-5. [PMID: 16041439 DOI: 10.1039/b505707h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2,2-dimethyl cyclopentanones are readily prepared by acid catalyzed ring expansion of isopropenylcyclobutanols; the method allows ready access to the family of sesquiterpenes cuparanes and herbertanes, as demonstrated by the synthesis of (+/-)-alpha-cuparenone and the direct precursor of (+/-)-herbertene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Bernard
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario di Monserrato, S.S 554 Bivio per Sestu, I 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy
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