1
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Braasch-Turi MM, Koehn JT, Crans DC. Chemistry of Lipoquinones: Properties, Synthesis, and Membrane Location of Ubiquinones, Plastoquinones, and Menaquinones. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12856. [PMID: 36361645 PMCID: PMC9656164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoquinones are the topic of this review and are a class of hydrophobic lipid molecules with key biological functions that are linked to their structure, properties, and location within a biological membrane. Ubiquinones, plastoquinones, and menaquinones vary regarding their quinone headgroup, isoprenoid sidechain, properties, and biological functions, including the shuttling of electrons between membrane-bound protein complexes within the electron transport chain. Lipoquinones are highly hydrophobic molecules that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in aqueous solution, causing obstacles in water-based assays that measure their chemical properties, enzyme activities and effects on cell growth. Little is known about the location and ultimately movement of lipoquinones in the membrane, and these properties are topics described in this review. Computational studies are particularly abundant in the recent years in this area, and there is far less experimental evidence to verify the often conflicting interpretations and conclusions that result from computational studies of very different membrane model systems. Some recent experimental studies have described using truncated lipoquinone derivatives, such as ubiquinone-2 (UQ-2) and menaquinone-2 (MK-2), to investigate their conformation, their location in the membrane, and their biological function. Truncated lipoquinone derivatives are soluble in water-based assays, and hence can serve as excellent analogs for study even though they are more mobile in the membrane than the longer chain counterparts. In this review, we will discuss the properties, location in the membrane, and syntheses of three main classes of lipoquinones including truncated derivatives. Our goal is to highlight the importance of bridging the gap between experimental and computational methods and to incorporate properties-focused considerations when proposing future studies relating to the function of lipoquinones in membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan T. Koehn
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Chemistry Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Cell & Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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2
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Mishima E, Ito J, Wu Z, Nakamura T, Wahida A, Doll S, Tonnus W, Nepachalovich P, Eggenhofer E, Aldrovandi M, Henkelmann B, Yamada KI, Wanninger J, Zilka O, Sato E, Feederle R, Hass D, Maida A, Mourão ASD, Linkermann A, Geissler EK, Nakagawa K, Abe T, Fedorova M, Proneth B, Pratt DA, Conrad M. A non-canonical vitamin K cycle is a potent ferroptosis suppressor. Nature 2022; 608:778-783. [PMID: 35922516 PMCID: PMC9402432 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of cell death marked by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation1, has a key role in organ injury, degenerative disease and vulnerability of therapy-resistant cancers2. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the molecular processes relevant to ferroptosis, additional cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic processes that determine cell sensitivity toward ferroptosis remain unknown. Here we show that the fully reduced forms of vitamin K—a group of naphthoquinones that includes menaquinone and phylloquinone3—confer a strong anti-ferroptotic function, in addition to the conventional function linked to blood clotting by acting as a cofactor for γ-glutamyl carboxylase. Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), a NAD(P)H-ubiquinone reductase and the second mainstay of ferroptosis control after glutathione peroxidase-44,5, was found to efficiently reduce vitamin K to its hydroquinone, a potent radical-trapping antioxidant and inhibitor of (phospho)lipid peroxidation. The FSP1-mediated reduction of vitamin K was also responsible for the antidotal effect of vitamin K against warfarin poisoning. It follows that FSP1 is the enzyme mediating warfarin-resistant vitamin K reduction in the canonical vitamin K cycle6. The FSP1-dependent non-canonical vitamin K cycle can act to protect cells against detrimental lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Biochemical and lipidomic analyses identify an anti-ferroptotic function of vitamin K and reveal ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1) as the enzyme mediating warfarin-resistant vitamin K reduction in the canonical vitamin K cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eikan Mishima
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany. .,Division of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Junya Ito
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Zijun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Toshitaka Nakamura
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adam Wahida
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Doll
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wulf Tonnus
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Palina Nepachalovich
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Zentrum Membranbiochemie und Lipidforschung, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Eggenhofer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maceler Aldrovandi
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Henkelmann
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamada
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jonas Wanninger
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Omkar Zilka
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emiko Sato
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan
| | - Regina Feederle
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Hass
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adriano Maida
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Linkermann
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Edward K Geissler
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaaki Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Maria Fedorova
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Zentrum Membranbiochemie und Lipidforschung, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bettina Proneth
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Derek A Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
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3
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Pawlowski R, Stodulski M, Mlynarski J. Propargylation of CoQ0 through the Redox Chain Reaction. J Org Chem 2021; 87:683-692. [PMID: 34933550 PMCID: PMC8749960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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An efficient catalytic
propargylation of CoQ0 is described by employing
the cooperative effect of Sc(OTf)3 and Hantzsch ester.
It is suggested to work through the redox chain reaction, which involves
hydroquinone and dimeric propargylic moiety intermediates. A broad
range of propargylic alcohols can be converted into the appropriate
derivatives of CoQ0 containing triple bonds in good to excellent yields.
The mechanism of the given transformation is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pawlowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Stodulski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Mlynarski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Massé P, Choppin S, Chiummiento L, Colobert F, Hanquet G. Access to 12-Membered Cyclic ortho, meta-Diarylheptanoids: Total Synthesis of Actinidione via Isomyricanone. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3033-3040. [PMID: 33475349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe herein the first access to 12-membered cyclic[7,0]ortho,meta-diarylheptanoids. The key features of the synthesis include both a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and a ring closing metathesis. Actinidione, a promising natural product, along with a bioactive tetracyclic derivative were obtained in 14 steps for the first time from cheap commercially available substrates with an overall yield of 18-21%. Our modus operandi complies with the principles of the synthesis ideality by using notably strategic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Massé
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sabine Choppin
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lucia Chiummiento
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo lucano, 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Françoise Colobert
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gilles Hanquet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg, Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
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5
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Nguyen T, Mac H, Pham P. Preparation of Key Intermediates for the Syntheses of Coenzyme Q 10 and Derivatives by Cross-Metathesis Reactions. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030448. [PMID: 31973220 PMCID: PMC7036988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An alternative catalytic strategy for the preparation of benzylmethacrylate esters, key intermediates in the synthesis of coenzyme Q10 and derivatives, was reported. This strategy avoided undesirable stoichiometric reduction/oxidation processes by utilizing the catalytic formation of allylarenes and then cross-metathesis to selectively form E-benzylmethacrylate esters with good yields (58–64%) and complete E-selectivity. The ester intermediates were reduced to common key benzylallylic alcohols (90–92% yield), which were subsequently used in the formal syntheses of coenzyme Q10 and one derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Nguyen
- Laboratory of Catalysis at Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 110403, Vietnam;
| | - Hung Mac
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry of Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 110403, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (P.P.); Tel.: +84-963398889 (P.P.)
| | - Phong Pham
- Laboratory of Catalysis at Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 110403, Vietnam;
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (P.P.); Tel.: +84-963398889 (P.P.)
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6
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Xu XL, Li Z. Catalytic Redox Chain Ring Opening of Lactones with Quinones To Synthesize Quinone-Containing Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2019; 21:5078-5081. [PMID: 31199158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic ring opening of five- to eight-membered lactones with quinones is achieved through a redox chain mechanism. With low loading of a simple metal triflate Lewis acid catalyst and a chain initiator, C-H bonds of many quinones were efficiently functionalized with carboxylic acid-containing side chains. This method also features 100% atom economy and wide substrate scope. A novel route to the anti-asthma drug Seratrodast was developed. Mechanism study suggests that the redox chain reaction likely undergoes a carbocation intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai , China 201210.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zhi Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology , ShanghaiTech University , Shanghai , China 201210
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7
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Shukla S, Dubey KK. CoQ10 a super-vitamin: review on application and biosynthesis. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:249. [PMID: 29755918 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) or ubiquinone is found in the biological system which is synthesized by the conjugation of benzoquinone ring with isoprenoid chain of variable length. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation energizes the body and increases body energy production in the form of ATP and helps to treat various human diseases such as cardiomyopathy, muscular dystrophy, periodontal disease, etc. Reports of these potential therapeutic advantages of CoQ10 have resulted in its high market demand, which focus the researchers to work on this molecule and develop better bioprocess methods for commercial level production. At the moment, chemical synthesis, semi-synthetic method as well as bio-production utilizing microbes as biofactory are in use for the synthesis of CoQ10. Chemical synthesis involves use of cheap and easily available precursor molecules such as isoprenol, chloromethylquinone, vinylalane, and solanesol. Chemical synthesis methods due to the use of various solvents and chemicals are less feasible, which limits its application. The microbial production of CoQ10 has added advantages of being produced in optically pure form with high yield using inexpensive medium composition. Several bacteria, e.g., Agrobacterium, Paracoccus, Rhodobacterium, and yeast such as Candida, Rhodotorula are the potent ubiquinone producer. Some alternative biosynthetic pathway for designing of CoQ10 production coupled with metabolic engineering might help to increase CoQ10 production. The most common practiced strategy for strain development for commercial CoQ10 production is through natural isolation and chemical mutagenesis. Here, we have reviewed the chemical, semi-synthetic as well as microbial CoQ10 production in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Shukla
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031 India
| | - Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031 India
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8
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Umaña CA, Cabezas JA. Palladium-Catalyzed One-Pot Conversion of Aldehydes and Ketones into 4-Substituted Homopropargyl Alcohols and 5-En-3-yn-1-ols †. J Org Chem 2017; 82:9505-9514. [PMID: 28841317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sequential treatment of 2,3-dichloropropene with magnesium and n-BuLi generated the equivalent of 1,3-dilithiopropyne, which adds regiospecifically to aldehydes and ketones to produce homopropargyl alcohols. The lithium acetylide intermediate formed in this protocol can be further reacted with aromatic and vinyl halides, under palladium catalysis, to produce 4-substituted homopropargyl alcohols and 5-en-3-yn-1-ols, respectively, in one-pot with good overall yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Umaña
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica , San José, 2060, Costa Rica
| | - Jorge A Cabezas
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica , San José, 2060, Costa Rica
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9
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Xu XL, Li Z. Catalytic Electrophilic Alkylation ofp-Quinones through a Redox Chain Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Zhi Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong Shanghai 201210 China
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10
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Xu XL, Li Z. Catalytic Electrophilic Alkylation ofp-Quinones through a Redox Chain Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8196-8200. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Xu
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Zhi Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong Shanghai 201210 China
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11
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Practical synthesis of 2-(4-benzyl-piperazin-1-ylmethyl)-5, 6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-[1, 4]benzoquinone hydrochloride. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Zalomaeva OV, Evtushok VY, Maksimov GM, Maksimovskaya RI, Kholdeeva OA. Synthesis of coenzyme Q0 through divanadium-catalyzed oxidation of 3,4,5-trimethoxytoluene with hydrogen peroxide. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:5202-5209. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00552k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The divanadium-substituted polyoxometalate (Bu4N)5−nHn[γ-PW10V2O40] (n = 1–2) is an efficient and recyclable catalyst used for the synthesis of coenzyme Q0 using hydrogen peroxide as a green oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasilii Yu. Evtushok
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
| | | | | | - Oxana A. Kholdeeva
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
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13
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Hu X, Chen H, Wu WJ, Wang WL, Wang J. A convenient synthesis of 1-aralkyl-4-benzylpiperazine derivatives. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3184/174751916x14683176211054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An efficient two-step route was developed for the synthesis of 1-aralkyl-4-benzylpiperazine derivatives by a Blanc reaction and alkylation. The key intermediate, N-benzylpiperazine, was prepared in an excellent yield by direct benzylation of commercially available piperazine under metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Library of Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jun Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ling Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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14
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Talluri MVNK, Kalariya PD, Dharavath S, Shaikh N, Garg P, Ramisetti NR, Ragampeta S. Automated statistical experimental design approach for rapid separation of coenzyme Q10 and identification of its biotechnological process related impurities using UHPLC and UHPLC-APCI-MS. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3528-35. [PMID: 27488256 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel ultra high performance liquid chromatography method development strategy was ameliorated by applying quality by design approach. The developed systematic approach was divided into five steps (i) Analytical Target Profile, (ii) Critical Quality Attributes, (iii) Risk Assessments of Critical parameters using design of experiments (screening and optimization phases), (iv) Generation of design space, and (v) Process Capability Analysis (Cp) for robustness study using Monte Carlo simulation. The complete quality-by-design-based method development was made automated and expedited by employing sub-2 μm particles column with an ultra high performance liquid chromatography system. Successful chromatographic separation of the Coenzyme Q10 from its biotechnological process related impurities was achieved on a Waters Acquity phenyl hexyl (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column with gradient elution of 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.0) and a mixture of acetonitrile/2-propanol (1:1) as the mobile phase. Through this study, fast and organized method development workflow was developed and robustness of the method was also demonstrated. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness in compliance to the International Conference on Harmonization, Q2 (R1) guidelines. The impurities were identified by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry technique. Further, the in silico toxicity of impurities was analyzed using TOPKAT and DEREK software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali V N Kumar Talluri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, IDPL, R&D Campus, Balanagar, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Pradipbhai D Kalariya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, IDPL, R&D Campus, Balanagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shireesha Dharavath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, IDPL, R&D Campus, Balanagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Naeem Shaikh
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S (Mohali) Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Prabha Garg
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, S.A.S (Mohali) Nagar, Punjab, India
| | | | - Srinivas Ragampeta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, IDPL, R&D Campus, Balanagar, Hyderabad, India.,Mass and Analytical Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad
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15
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Greene LE, Godin R, Cosa G. Fluorogenic Ubiquinone Analogue for Monitoring Chemical and Biological Redox Processes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:11327-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lana E. Greene
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Self Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS/CRMAA), McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B8, Canada
| | - Robert Godin
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Self Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS/CRMAA), McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B8, Canada
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Self Assembled Chemical Structures (CSACS/CRMAA), McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B8, Canada
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16
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Wang J, Xia F, Jin WB, Guan JY, Zhao H. Efficient synthesis and antioxidant activities of N-heterocyclyl substituted Coenzyme Q analogues. Bioorg Chem 2016; 68:214-8. [PMID: 27561631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy for the efficient synthesis of C-5 heterocyclyl substituted Coenzyme Q analogues was developed by N-alkylation of bromomethylated quinone 11 with a series of amines 12 under metal-free conditions. In vitro antioxidant activities of these Coenzyme Q analogues were evaluated and compared with commercial antioxidant Coenzyme Q10 by employing DPPH assay. All these N-heterocyclyl substituted Coenzyme Q analogues are found to be exhibiting good antioxidant properties and may be used as potent antioxidants for combating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Fei Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Wen-Bin Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jin-Yan Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Hang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224051, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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Ibis C, Sahinler Ayla S, Cakan K. The Synthesis, Spectral, and Electrochemical Characterization of Novel Alkoxybenzoquinone Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Ibis
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering; Istanbul University; 34320, Avcilar Istanbul Turkey
| | - Sibel Sahinler Ayla
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering; Istanbul University; 34320, Avcilar Istanbul Turkey
| | - Kadriye Cakan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering; Istanbul University; 34320, Avcilar Istanbul Turkey
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18
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Yoshida R, Isozaki K, Yokoi T, Yasuda N, Sadakane K, Iwamoto T, Takaya H, Nakamura M. ONO-pincer ruthenium complex-bound norvaline for efficient catalytic oxidation of methoxybenzenes with hydrogen peroxide. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7468-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00969g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A Ru-bound norvaline shows enhanced catalytic activity for the oxidation of methoxybenzenes with unique chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Yoshida
- International Research Center for Elements Science
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Uji
- Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Isozaki
- International Research Center for Elements Science
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Uji
- Japan
| | - Tomoya Yokoi
- International Research Center for Elements Science
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Uji
- Japan
| | | | - Koichiro Sadakane
- Department of Biomedical Information
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences
- Doshisha University
- Kyotanabe
- Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwamoto
- International Research Center for Elements Science
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Uji
- Japan
| | - Hikaru Takaya
- International Research Center for Elements Science
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Uji
- Japan
| | - Masaharu Nakamura
- International Research Center for Elements Science
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Uji
- Japan
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19
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Göhl M, Seifert K. Total Synthesis of 3-Oxo- and 3β-Hydroxytauranin via Negishi Coupling of a Bis(ortho-oxy)-Functionalized Benzyl Chloride. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Wang J, Li S, Hu X, Yang J. A Convenient Synthesis ofN-Benzylpiperazine, 1-Aralkyl-4-benzylpiperazines and an Isostere of Idebenone. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2014.944409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Roe SJ, Oldfield MF, Geach N, Baxter A. A convergent stereocontrolled synthesis of [3-(14) C]solanesol. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 56:485-91. [PMID: 24285526 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, we report the synthesis of ~5 mCi of [3-(14) C]solanesol (1) prepared from ethyl [3-(14) C]acetoacetate and (all-E)-octaprenyl bromide (2) in four steps, with a specific radioactivity of 19.83 mCi/mmol and with a chemical/stereochemical and radiochemical purity of ≥ 95%. (Figure ). Position 3 of the chain was selected for (14) C labelling because of the metabolic stability of this position. Unlabelled (all-E)-octaprenyl (18) (Scheme ) necessary for this work was prepared via a convergent iterative 'allyl-allyl' coupling approach of precursors easily derived from readily available inexpensive starting materials.(1)
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Roe
- Selcia Ltd, Fyfield Business & Research Park, Fyfield Road, Ongar, Essex, CM5 0GS, UK
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22
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Study of the Interaction Between Coenzyme Q10 and Human Serum Albumin: Spectroscopic Approach. J SOLUTION CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-014-0146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Parmar SS, Jaiwal A, Dhankher OP, Jaiwal PK. Coenzyme Q10 production in plants: current status and future prospects. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 35:152-64. [PMID: 24090245 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.823594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) or Ubiquinone10 (UQ10), an isoprenylated benzoquinone, is well-known for its role as an electron carrier in aerobic respiration. It is a sole representative of lipid soluble antioxidant that is synthesized in our body. In recent years, it has been found to be associated with a range of patho-physiological conditions and its oral administration has also reported to be of therapeutic value in a wide spectrum of chronic diseases. Additionally, as an antioxidant, it has been widely used as an ingredient in dietary supplements, neutraceuticals, and functional foods as well as in anti-aging creams. Since its limited dietary uptake and decrease in its endogenous synthesis in the body with age and under various diseases states warrants its adequate supply from an external source. To meet its growing demand for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries, there is a great interest in the commercial production of CoQ10. Various synthetic and fermentation of microbial natural producers and their mutated strains have been developed for its commercial production. Although, microbial production is the major industrial source of CoQ10 but due to low yield and high production cost, other cost-effective and alternative sources need to be explored. Plants, being photosynthetic, producing high biomass and the engineering of pathways for producing CoQ10 directly in food crops will eliminate the additional step for purification and thus could be used as an ideal and cost-effective alternative to chemical synthesis and microbial production of CoQ10. A better understanding of CoQ10 biosynthetic enzymes and their regulation in model systems like E. coli and yeast has led to the use of metabolic engineering to enhance CoQ10 production not only in microbes but also in plants. The plant-based CoQ10 production has emerged as a cost-effective and environment-friendly approach capable of supplying CoQ10 in ample amounts. The current strategies, progress and constraints of CoQ10 production in plants are discussed in this review.
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24
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Lee SW, Lee HB, Kim BC, Sadaiah K, Lee K, Shin H. A Large Scale Formal Synthesis of CoQ 10: Highly Stereoselective Friedel-Crafts Allylation Reaction of Tetramethoxytoluene with (E)-4-Chloro-2-methyl-1-phenylsulfonyl-2-butene in the Presence of Montmorillonite K-10. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.4.1257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Lu W, Shi Y, He S, Fei Y, Yu K, Yu H. Enhanced production of CoQ10 by constitutive overexpression of 3-demethyl ubiquinone-9 3-methyltransferase under tac promoter in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Oh ET, Jin Kim H, Taek Oh J, Su L, Yun I, Nam K, Min JH, Woo Kim J, Koo S. Synthesis of Coenzyme Q10. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 has emerged as a valuable molecule for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Therefore, research into producing and optimizing coenzyme Q10 via microbial fermentation is ongoing. There are two major paths being explored for maximizing production of this molecule to commercially advantageous levels. The first entails using microbes that naturally produce coenzyme Q10 as fermentation biocatalysts and optimizing the fermentation parameters in order to reach industrial levels of production. However, the natural coenzyme Q10-producing microbes tend to be intractable for industrial fermentation settings. The second path to coenzyme Q10 production being explored is to engineer Escherichia coli with the ability to biosynthesize this molecule in order to take advantage of its more favourable fermentation characteristics and the well-understood array of genetic tools available for this bacteria. Although many studies have attempted to over-produce coenzyme Q10 in E. coli through genetic engineering, production titres still remain below those of the natural coenzyme Q10-producing microorganisms. Current research is providing the knowledge needed to alleviate the bottlenecks involved in producing coenzyme Q10 from an E. coli strain platform and the fermentation parameters that could dramatically increase production titres from natural microbial producers. Synthesizing the lessons learned from both approaches may be the key towards a more cost-effective coenzyme Q10 industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne P Cluis
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke West, Montréal, H4B 1R6, Québec, Canada
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28
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Taylor MA, Fraser PD. Solanesol: added value from Solanaceous waste. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:1323-7. [PMID: 21459392 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Isoprenoids, also known as terpenoids, are the largest and oldest class of natural products known. They are comprised of more than 40,000 different molecules all biosynthetically related via a common five carbon building block (isopentenyl). Many isoprenoids are of commercial interest and are used as fragrances in cosmetics and flavours, colorants and nutritional supplements in foods and feeds as well as being phytomedicines. Their industrial relevance also means they are compounds of high value with global markets in the range of $1 billion per annum. Solanesol is a 45-carbon, unsaturated, all-trans-nonaprenol isoprenoid of high value. Recently this molecule has received particular attention because of its utility, both in its own right and as a precursor in the production of numerous compounds used in the treatment of disease states. Instability in supply and spiralling costs have also lead to the search for sources. In this article existing sources and the potential strategies and tools available to create sustainable biosources are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Taylor
- Plant Products and Food Quality, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD25DA, UK.
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29
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Wang J, Yang J, Zhou RG, Yang B, Wu YS. Alternative Synthesis of 2-(4-Benzoyl-Piperazin-1-Ylmethyl)-5, 6-Dimethoxy-3-Methyl-[1, 4]Benzoquinone. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.3184/174751911x13099411630089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The title compound was prepared by a reaction sequence starting from 2, 3, 4, 5-tetramethoxytoluene via Blanc chloromethylation reaction, oxidation and alkylation. The described method provides a good yield of the heterocyclic-Coenzyme Q analogue and is suitable for the synthesis of other analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, NO.296 Bailong Temple, Panlong Zone, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology (ChengGong Campus), Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Guang Zhou
- Institute for Drug Research and Development of Kunming Pharmaceutical Corporation, NO.141 Chunyu Road, Wuhua Zone, Kunming 650100, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, NO.296 Bailong Temple, Panlong Zone, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Shuang Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, NO.296 Bailong Temple, Panlong Zone, Kunming 650224, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
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30
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Abstract
(2’E)-1-(3-methyl-4-p-toluenesulfonyl-2-butene)-6-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethoxybenzene (4) is the key intermediate in the synthesis of coenzyme Q10via a coupling reaction with solanesyl bromide. In this paper, we report a simple and effective synthesis of compound 4, starting with the readily available and inexpensive precursors p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (TsCl) and isoprene to obtain (2E)-1-p-toluenesulfonyl-2-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-butene (3) by addition, esterification and hydrolysis. Application of the Friedel-Crafts alkylation to compound 3, followed by the addition of 2,3,4,5-tetramethoxytoluene (TeMT), assembled the two parts into compound 4. The key parameters of each reaction were optimized at the same time, and the four total operations needed to produced compound 4 had a 27.9% overall yield under the optimized conditions. The structures of the compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, IR and MS. This alternative process has the potential to be used for large-scale process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Song Mu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; E-Mails: (F.-S.M.); (Y.-J.F.); (X.Z.); (P.Y.)
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Meng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; E-Mails: (F.-S.M.); (Y.-J.F.); (X.Z.); (P.Y.)
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.L.); (Y.-G.Z.); Tel.: +86-451-8219-0535; Fax: +86-451-8219-0535
| | - Yu-Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; E-Mails: (F.-S.M.); (Y.-J.F.); (X.Z.); (P.Y.)
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; E-Mails: (F.-S.M.); (Y.-J.F.); (X.Z.); (P.Y.)
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; E-Mails: (F.-S.M.); (Y.-J.F.); (X.Z.); (P.Y.)
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuan-Gang Zu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; E-Mails: (F.-S.M.); (Y.-J.F.); (X.Z.); (P.Y.)
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (M.L.); (Y.-G.Z.); Tel.: +86-451-8219-0535; Fax: +86-451-8219-0535
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31
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Wang J, Yang J, Yang B, Sun JQ, Yang T. Alternative Synthesis of 5-Chloromethyl-2,3-Dimethoxy-6-Methyl-1,4-Benzoquinone: A Key Intermediate for Preparing Coenzyme Q Analogues. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.3184/030823410x12857507693464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, a key intermediate for preparing Coenzyme Qn family, was prepared in high yield by a reaction sequence starting from the commercially available 3, 4, 5-trimethoxy-benzadehyde via Wolff–Kishner reduction, Vilsmeier–Haack reaction, Blanc chloromethylation reaction, Dakin reaction and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qiang Sun
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
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32
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Su W, Weng Y, Jiang L, Yang Y, Zhao L, Chen Z, Li Z, Li J. Recent Progress in the Use of Vilsmeier-Type Reagents. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2010.513911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Occhipinti G, Liguori L, Tsoukala A, Bjørsvik HR. A Switchable Oxidation Process Leading to Two Various Versatile Pharmaceutical Intermediates. Org Process Res Dev 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/op100185x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lucia Liguori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Tsoukala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans-René Bjørsvik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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34
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Yada A, Yukawa T, Idei H, Nakao Y, Hiyama T. Nickel/Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Carbocyanation of Alkynes Using Acetonitrile and Substituted Acetonitriles. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Bovicelli P. Radical-scavenging polyphenols: new strategies for their synthesis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:1703-10. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.12.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
New strategies for the synthesis of polyphenols, compounds with antioxidant properties contained in every kind of plants, are discussed. Syntheses of different classes of polyphenols, namely ubiquinones, present in many natural systems in which electron-transfer mechanisms are involved, hydroxy-tyrosol, one of the main components of the phenol fraction in olives, and flavonoids, widespread in the plant kingdom, were approached by simple and environmentally sustainable methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bovicelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Department of Chemistry, University ‘La Sapienza’, P.le A. Moro, 5-00185 Rome, Italy
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36
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Machado PA, Fu H, Kratochvil RJ, Yuan Y, Hahm TS, Sabliov CM, Wei CI, Lo YM. Recovery of solanesol from tobacco as a value-added byproduct for alternative applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:1091-6. [PMID: 19773155 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Solanesol in the waste streams of a bioprocess designed for alternative applications of low-alkaloid tobacco was recovered using three different extraction methods. Compared to the conventional heat-reflux extraction (HRE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using 1:3 hexane:ethanol (v/v) as the solvent after saponification treatment of tobacco biomass was found the most effective in terms of solanesol yield, processing time, and volume of solvent consumed. Quantification of solanesol was achieved by optimizing the mobile phase at 60/40 acetonitrile-isopropanol and lowering the oven temperature to 22 degrees C using a standard reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The total solanesol recovered from tobacco biomass and chloroplast accounted for 30% (w/w) of the total solanesol in the fresh leaves. Since solanesol is the precursor of metabolically active quinones such as coenzyme Q10 and vitamin K analogues, extraction of solanesol from tobacco bioprocess waste is a feasible operation and could leverage the overall profitability of biorefining tobacco for alternative, value-added uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Machado
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States
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37
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Sabatino MA, Filardo G, Galia A, Scialdone O. Electrochemical synthesis of coenzymes Q n by oxidation of tetramethoxy precursors. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-009-9947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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38
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Vera WJ, Chinea K, Banerjee AK. An Alternative Route for the Synthesis of 2,3,4,5-tetramethoxytoluene. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.3184/030823409x424885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of the commercially available 2,3.4-trimethoxybenzaldehyde to 2,3,4,5-tetramethoxytoluene using a Dakin reaction to insert the extra oxygen, formylation, reduction and methylation of the phenolic hydroxyl group is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Vera
- Centro de Quimica, IVIC, Apartado-21827, Caracas-1020A, Venezuela
| | - Kimberly Chinea
- Centro de Quimica, IVIC, Apartado-21827, Caracas-1020A, Venezuela
| | - Ajoy K. Banerjee
- Centro de Quimica, IVIC, Apartado-21827, Caracas-1020A, Venezuela
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39
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Lipshutz BH, Amorelli B. Total synthesis of piericidin A1. Application of a modified Negishi carboalumination-nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:1396-7. [PMID: 19138148 PMCID: PMC3365511 DOI: 10.1021/ja809542r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A total synthesis of the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor piericidin A1 is described. It features a unique strategy for the key disconnection, highlighting a modified Negishi carboalumination/Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling on a polyenyne precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
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40
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Huang W, Li Z, Niu H, Wang J, Qin Y. Bioactivity of solanesol extracted from tobacco leaves with carbon dioxide–ethanol fluids. Biochem Eng J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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41
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Wraight CA, Vakkasoglu AS, Poluektov Y, Mattis AJ, Nihan D, Lipshutz BH. The 2-methoxy group of ubiquinone is essential for function of the acceptor quinones in reaction centers from Rba. sphaeroides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2008; 1777:631-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Xing L, Wang X, Cheng C, Zhu R, Liu B, Hu Y. A solvent-controlled highly efficient Pd–C catalyzed hydrogenolysis of benzaldehydes to methylbenzenes via a novel ‘acetal pathway’. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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43
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44
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Electrochemical oxidation of tetramethoxy precursor as a key step for the synthesis of coenzyme Q10. Electrochem commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2007.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Zhao C, Li C, Zu Y. Rapid and quantitative determination of solanesol in Nicotiana tabacum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 44:35-40. [PMID: 17317070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Revised: 01/11/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was developed for the determination of solanesol in Nicotiana tabacum. Sample preparation was performed by ultrasonic extraction with methanol for 20 min and then supernatant was extracted with hexane. The method used atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) detection in positive-ion mode. The separation of solanesol was performed on a Symmetry Shield RP18 column with a mixture of acetonitrile and isopropanol (1:1, v/v) containing 2mM ammonium acetate as mobile phase. Quantification of solanesol was performed by the standard addition method. The limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) of solanesol were, respectively, 5.0 ng/ml (S/N=10) and 1.5 ng/ml (S/N=3). The relative standard deviations of peak area were 0.89 and 1.12% for intra-day and inter-day, respectively. The recoveries of solanesol ranged from 97.72 to 99.67% and the corresponding R.S.D.s were less than 2.7%. Analysis took 5 min, making the method suitable for rapid determination of solanesol in N. tabacum. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of solanesol in various organs of N. tabacum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Netscher T. Preparation of trialkyl-substituted olefins by ruthenium catalyzed cross-metathesis. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lipshutz BH, Butler T, Lower A. Controlling Regiochemistry in Negishi Carboaluminations. Fine Tuning the Ligand on Zirconium. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:15396-8. [PMID: 17132005 DOI: 10.1021/ja065769b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The species on the zirconocene catalyst is changed from two Cp's to the Brintzinger ligand and catalytic amounts of MAO are used to usually effect a >99% regiocontrol of Negishi carboaluminations of 1-alkynes in toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
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Lipshutz BH, Frieman BA, Lee CT, Lower A, Nihan DM, Taft BR. Microwave-Assisted Heterogeneous Cross-Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Nickel-in-Charcoal (Ni/C). Chem Asian J 2006; 1:417-29. [PMID: 17441078 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200600031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A study involving the relatively rare combination of heterogeneous catalysis conducted under microwave conditions is presented. Carbon-carbon bond formation, including Negishi and Suzuki couplings, can be quickly effected with aryl chloride partners by using a base metal (nickel) adsorbed in the pores of activated charcoal. Aminations were also studied, along with cross-couplings of vinyl alanes with benzylic chlorides as a means to stereodefined allylated aromatics. Reaction times for all these processes are typically reduced from several hours to minutes in a microwave reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce H Lipshutz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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