1
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Fluxionality, substitution, and hydrogen exchange at eight-coordinate rhenium(V) polyhydride centers. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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2
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Li M, Chen LJ, Zhang Z, Luo Q, Yang HB, Tian H, Zhu WH. Conformer-dependent self-assembled metallacycles with photo-reversible response. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4896-4904. [PMID: 31160961 PMCID: PMC6510319 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00757a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The scaffold sizes and shapes of a series of photoswitchable metallacycles are precisely controlled by the conformer of photoresponsive units.
Discrete, well-defined metallacycles and metallacages with stimuli-responsive behaviors have been largely predominated by the organic donor/metal acceptor paradigm with spontaneous formation of coordination bonds. However, light-driven self-assembly systems usually show relatively low utilization yield of photons and low fatigue resistance. Given that almost no example illustrates the different self-assembly behaviors of antiparallel and parallel conformers in the traditional photochromic diarylethene (DAE) system, here we have for the first time constructed a unique series of photoactive conformer-dependent metallacycles, focusing on the characterization and comparison of self-assembly behavior in different ligand conformers with different di-platinum(ii) acceptors. Their photoswitchable scaffold sizes and shapes are precisely controlled by photochromically separable parallel or anti-parallel conformers via coordination-driven self-assembly. The ap-conformer and closed form provide larger bending angles upon coordination with di-Pt(ii) acceptors into hexagon [6 + 6] or [3 + 3] while the p-conformer only can form smaller polygon cycles. Notably, in contrast with the non-photoactive parallel conformer, the reversible interconversion of anti-parallel ring-open and ring-closed conformer metallacycles can be achieved by alternate irradiation with UV and visible light, respectively, along with a relatively high conversion ratio and good fatigue resistance. This work provides a potential way to construct smart materials for use in sensing, catalysis and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Institute of Fine Chemicals , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry , Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China .
| | - Li-Jun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes , Chang-Kung Chuang Institute , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062 , China .
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Institute of Fine Chemicals , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry , Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China .
| | - Qianfu Luo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Institute of Fine Chemicals , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry , Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China .
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes , Chang-Kung Chuang Institute , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062 , China .
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Institute of Fine Chemicals , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry , Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China .
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials , Institute of Fine Chemicals , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry , Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center , School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China .
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3
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Li P, Xu YM, Deng W, Yao ZJ. Self-assembly of supramolecular coordination complexes based on half-sandwich metal corner with tunable host cavities. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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4
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Givelet CC, Dron PI, Wen J, Magnera TF, Zamadar M, Čépe K, Fujiwara H, Shi Y, Tuchband MR, Clark N, Zbořil R, Michl J. Challenges in the Structure Determination of Self-Assembled Metallacages: What Do Cage Cavities Contain, Internal Vapor Bubbles or Solvent and/or Counterions? J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6676-87. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Klára Čépe
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science,
Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů
27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional
Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science,
Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů
27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Michl
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague, Czech Republic
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5
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Angurell I, Ferrer M, Gutiérrez A, Martínez M, Rocamora M, Rodríguez L, Rossell O, Lorenz Y, Engeser M. Kinetico-Mechanistic Insights on the Assembling Dynamics of Allyl-Cornered Metallacycles: The PtNpyBond is the Keystone. Chemistry 2014; 20:14473-87. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Kim JJ, Kwak OK, Park JK, Min KS, Yoon YJ. Construction and characterization of novel molecular architectures through coordination-driven self-assembly: rhomboid and overlapped double rhomboid. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-013-0373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Wang M, Vajpayee V, Shanmugaraju S, Zheng YR, Zhao Z, Kim H, Mukherjee PS, Chi KW, Stang PJ. Coordination-driven self-assembly of M3L2 trigonal cages from preorganized metalloligands incorporating octahedral metal centers and fluorescent detection of nitroaromatics. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:1506-12. [PMID: 21214171 PMCID: PMC3071539 DOI: 10.1021/ic1020719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The design and preparation of novel M(3)L(2) trigonal cages via the coordination-driven self-assembly of preorganized metalloligands containing octahedral aluminum(III), gallium(III), or ruthenium(II) centers is described. When tritopic or dinuclear linear metalloligands and appropriate complementary subunits are employed, M(3)L(2) trigonal-bipyramidal and trigonal-prismatic cages are self-assembled under mild conditions. These three-dimensional cages were characterized with multinuclear NMR spectroscopy ((1)H and (31)P) and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The structure of one such trigonal-prismatic cage, self-assembled from an arene ruthenium metalloligand, was confirmed via single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The fluorescent nature of these prisms, due to the presence of their electron-rich ethynyl functionalities, prompted photophysical studies, which revealed that electron-deficient nitroaromatics are effective quenchers of the cages' emission. Excited-state charge transfer from the prisms to the nitroaromatic substrates can be used as the basis for the development of selective and discriminatory turn-off fluorescent sensors for nitroaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Vaishali Vajpayee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yao-Rong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
| | - Hyunuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang, 690-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Ki-Whan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749 Republic of Korea
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
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8
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Barboiu M. Multistate and Phase Change Selection in Constitutional Multivalent Systems. CONSTITUTIONAL DYNAMIC CHEMISTRY 2011; 322:33-53. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Brocker ER, Anderson SE, Northrop BH, Stang PJ, Bowers MT. Structures of metallosupramolecular coordination assemblies can be obtained by ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:13486-94. [PMID: 20815390 DOI: 10.1021/ja105702y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rigid rectangular, triangular, and prismatic supramolecular assemblies, cyclobis[(2,9-bis[trans-Pt(PEt(3))(2)(PF(6))]anthracene)(4,4'-dipyridyl)], cyclotris[(2,9-bis[trans-Pt(PEt(3))(2)(PF(6))]phenanthrene)(4,4'-dipyridyl)], and cyclotris[bis[cis-Pt(PEt(3))(2)(CF(3)SO(3))(2)]tetrakis(4-pyridyl)cyclobutadienecyclopentadienylcobalt(I)], respectively, based on dipyridyl ligands and square planar platinum coordination, have been investigated by ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS). Electrospray ionization-quadrupole and time-of-flight spectra have been obtained and fragmentation pathways assigned. Ion mobility studies give cross sections that compare very well with cross sections of the supramolecular rectangle and triangle species on the basis of X-ray bond distances. For the larger prism structures, agreement of experimental and calculated cross sections from molecular modeling is very good, indicating IMS-MS methods can be used to characterize complex self-assembled structures where X-ray or other spectroscopic structures are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Brocker
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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10
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Angurell I, Ferrer M, Gutiérrez A, Martínez M, Rodríguez L, Rossell O, Engeser M. Antisymbiotic Self-Assembly and Dynamic Behavior of Metallamacrocycles with Allylic Corners. Chemistry 2010; 16:13960-4. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Blanco V, García MD, Terenzi A, Pía E, Fernández‐Mato A, Peinador C, Quintela JM. Complexation and Extraction of PAHs to the Aqueous Phase with a Dinuclear Pt
II
Diazapyrenium‐Based Metallacycle. Chemistry 2010; 16:12373-80. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Blanco
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, Facultad de Ciencias, A Zapateira, s/n, 15008 La Coruña (Spain), Fax: (+34) 981‐167065
| | - Marcos D. García
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, Facultad de Ciencias, A Zapateira, s/n, 15008 La Coruña (Spain), Fax: (+34) 981‐167065
| | - Alessio Terenzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica e Analitica “S. Cannizzaro”, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, Edificio 17, 90128 Palermo (Italy)
| | - Elena Pía
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, Facultad de Ciencias, A Zapateira, s/n, 15008 La Coruña (Spain), Fax: (+34) 981‐167065
| | - Antonio Fernández‐Mato
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, Facultad de Ciencias, A Zapateira, s/n, 15008 La Coruña (Spain), Fax: (+34) 981‐167065
| | - Carlos Peinador
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, Facultad de Ciencias, A Zapateira, s/n, 15008 La Coruña (Spain), Fax: (+34) 981‐167065
| | - José M. Quintela
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, Facultad de Ciencias, A Zapateira, s/n, 15008 La Coruña (Spain), Fax: (+34) 981‐167065
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12
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Zhao L, Ghosh K, Zheng YR, Stang PJ. Construction of endo-functionalized two dimensional metallacycles via coordination-driven self-assembly. J Org Chem 2010; 74:8516-21. [PMID: 19835395 DOI: 10.1021/jo9019607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of three endofunctionalized two-dimensional supramolecular metallacycles including two [2 + 2] rhomboids (5 and 6) and a [3 + 3] hexagon (7) is reported. The resulting self-assembled supramolecular structures, containing several nitrobenzyl moieties at their interior surface, have been fully characterized by multinuclear NMR ((31)P and (1)H) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. A significant C-H...O hydrogen bonding between the nitrobenzyl acceptor and the edge molecules of the supramolecular architecture is observed in the small rhomboid 5 and this interaction gradually decreases upon the enlargement of the resulting polygonal structures from a small rhomboid 5 through a large rhomboid 6 to a hexagon 7. Molecular modeling with the MMFF force field gives a possible conformation of each self-assembly in different solvents and shows that the hydrophilic nitrobenzyl moiety prefers to be buried in the cavity of the resulting polygonal structures in nonpolar solvents, thus forming hydrogen bonds with the peripheral component building units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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13
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Blanco V, Gutiérrez A, Platas-Iglesias C, Peinador C, Quintela JM. Expanding the Cavity Size: Preparation of 2:1 Inclusion Complexes Based on Dinuclear Square Metallocycles. J Org Chem 2009; 74:6577-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jo901034c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Blanco
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Albert Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Peinador
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - José M. Quintela
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus A Zapateira, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
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14
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Bar AK, Chakrabarty R, Chi KW, Batten SR, Mukherjee PS. Synthesis and characterisation of heterometallic molecular triangles using ambidentate linker: self-selection of a single linkage isomer. Dalton Trans 2009:3222-9. [PMID: 19421624 DOI: 10.1039/b900118b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The coordination driven self-assembly of discrete molecular triangles from a non-symmetric ambidentate linker 5-pyrimidinecarboxylate (5-pmc) and Pd(II)/Pt(II) based 90 degrees acceptors is presented. Despite the possibility of formation of a mixture of isomeric macrocycles (linkage isomers) due to different connectivity of the ambidentate linker, formation of a single and symmetrical linkage isomer in both the cases is an interesting observation. Moreover, the reported macrocycles represent the first example of discrete metallamacrocycles of bridging 5-pmc. While solution composition in both the cases was characterised by multinuclear NMR study and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), the identity of the assemblies in the solid state was established by X-ray single crystals structure analysis. Variable temperature NMR study clearly ruled out the formation of any other macrocycles by [4 + 4] or [2 + 2] self-assembly of the reacting components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Bar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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15
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Abstract
My sojourn from classical physical-organic chemistry and solvolysis to self-assembly and supramolecular chemistry, over the last forty years, is described. My contributions to unsaturated reactive intermediates, namely vinyl cations and unsaturated carbenes, along with my decade-long involvement with polyvalent iodine chemistry, especially alkynyliodonium salts, as well as my more recent research with metal-ligand, coordination driven, and directed self-assembly of finite supramolecular ensembles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Stang
- University of Utah, Department of Chemistry, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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16
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Zangrando E, Casanova M, Alessio E. Trinuclear Metallacycles: Metallatriangles and Much More. Chem Rev 2008; 108:4979-5013. [DOI: 10.1021/cr8002449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ennio Zangrando
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Massimo Casanova
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Enzo Alessio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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17
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Pastor A, Martínez-Viviente E. NMR spectroscopy in coordination supramolecular chemistry: A unique and powerful methodology. Coord Chem Rev 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Tárkányi G, Király P, Varga S, Vakulya B, Soós T. Edge-to-face CH/pi aromatic interaction and molecular self-recognition in epi-cinchona-based bifunctional thiourea organocatalysis. Chemistry 2008; 14:6078-86. [PMID: 18504723 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200800197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The impact of cooperativity between intermolecular interactions is demonstrated by the molecular self-recognition properties of highly enantioselective epi-cinchona bifunctional thiourea organocatalysts. Low-temperature NMR experiments in inert solvents have revealed two sets of nonequivalent resonances in equal population for thiourea-modified members of the epi-quinine and epi-quinidine families. In solution, the predominance of an asymmetric (C1) dimeric self-assembly with noteworthy structural motifs became evident: simultaneous intra- and intermolecular thiourea hydrogen bonding and a CH/pi interaction were observed. Both the stereochemical and the diverse conformational features of the system favor the observed quinoline T-shaped aromatic pi-pi stacking interaction. The structure findings are supported by quantitative proton-proton distance data that were available from NOE buildup curves. The 3D structure of the dimeric assembly has been modeled in agreement with the H-H distance restraints. Owing to the geometrical preference associated with the dimerization process, the self-assembled bifunctional system is interpreted as a charge-transfer complex with the potential for catalyst self-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Tárkányi
- Laboratory for NMR Spectroscopy, Chemical Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pusztaszeri út 59-67, 1025, Budapest, Hungary.
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19
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Zhao L, Northrop BH, Zheng YR, Yang HB, Lee HJ, Lee YM, Park JY, Chi KW, Stang PJ. Self-selection in the self-assembly of isomeric supramolecular squares from unsymmetrical bis(4-pyridyl)acetylene ligands. J Org Chem 2008; 73:6580-6. [PMID: 18683976 PMCID: PMC2621067 DOI: 10.1021/jo800957r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new approach wherein steric interactions between substituents of unsymmetrical bis(4-pyridyl)acetylene ligands dictate the self-selection of single isomers of [4 + 4] self-assembled squares is presented. Each [4 + 4] self-assembly is characterized by multinuclear (31)P and (1)H NMR spectroscopies and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. NMR spectroscopic studies are used to provide a means of evaluating the efficiency of bulky substituents at proximal or remote positions relative to the Pt-N bonding motif to direct self-selection. Molecular modeling using the MMFF force field is utilized to determine the relative energy of different isomers of each assembly, and modeling results reasonably explain the trend in self-selectivity with varying pyridyl substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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20
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Weilandt T, Troff RW, Saxell H, Rissanen K, Schalley CA. Metallo-supramolecular self-assembly: the case of triangle-square equilibria. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:7588-98. [PMID: 18680283 DOI: 10.1021/ic800334k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For the efficient self-assembly of metallo-supramolecular complexes, not only reversibility is required but also two other properties have to be controlled as well: (i) The right binding sites need to be programmed into the building blocks at the appropriate positions. (ii) The building blocks must be rigid enough to support the geometrical arrangement and to avoid the unfavorable entropy effects connected with the conformational fixation of flexible molecules. A series of different bis-pyridyl ligands is reported which self-assemble with (dppp)M(OTf) 2 complexes (dppp = 1,3-bis-(diphenylphosphino)propane; M = Pd (II), Pt (II)) to yield squares and/or triangles as the products. Enthalpic contributions (higher strain in the triangle) and entropic contributions (higher number of triangles from the same building blocks) determine the equilibrium. The effects of concentration, temperature, and solvent properties on the equilibrium have been studied. To characterize the complexes under study, a combination of (1)H, (31)P, and diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy, electrospray-ionization Fourier-transform ion-cyclotron-resonance mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography is needed. Variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy provides evidence for fast ligand-exchange processes occurring for the Pd complexes, while the Pt complexes exchange ligands much more slowly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Weilandt
- Institut fur Chemie and Biochemie - Organische Chemie, Freie Universitat Berlin, Germany, Kekule-Institut fur Organische Chemie and Biochemie der Universitat Bonn, Germany
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21
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Caskey DC, Yamamoto T, Addicott C, Shoemaker RK, Vacek J, Hawkridge AM, Muddiman DC, Kottas GS, Michl J, Stang PJ. Coordination-driven face-directed self-assembly of trigonal prisms. Face-based conformational chirality. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:7620-8. [PMID: 18491898 PMCID: PMC5827968 DOI: 10.1021/ja710715e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The coordination-driven self-assembly of four different trigonal prisms from 3 equiv of one of four different tetrapyridyl star connectors and 6 equiv of a platinum linker dication in nitromethane is presented. This face-directed approach affords high yields without template assistance. The prisms have been characterized by multinuclear and DOSY NMR and dual ESI-FT-ICR mass spectrometry. The use of a conformationally chiral star connector leads to a conformationally chiral prism when connector arm ends attached to a vertex have a strongly correlated twist sense and chirality is communicated across polyhedral faces, edges, and vertices. Molecular mechanics results suggest that in the smallest prism 3d collective effects dominate and the all-P and all-M conformers are strongly favored. NMR data prove that the two edges of the pyridine rings in the triflate salts of 3a-3d are distinct. An Eyring plot of rates obtained from line-shape analysis and 1-D EXCHSY NMR yields an activation enthalpy DeltaH(double dagger) of approximately 12 kcal/mol and activation entropy DeltaS(double dagger) of approximately -15 cal/mol x K for the edge interconversion process, compatible with pyridine rotation around the Pt-N bond. For 3c, this behavior is observed only up to approximately 318 K. At higher temperatures, the Eyring plot is again linear but follows a very different straight line, with a DeltaH(double dagger) of approximately 35 kcal/mol and DeltaS(double dagger) of approximately 60 cal/mol x K. This highly unusual result is further investigated and discussed in the following companion paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Caskey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
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22
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Vacek J, Caskey DC, Horinek D, Shoemaker RK, Stang PJ, Michl J. Pyridine ligand rotation in self-assembled trigonal prisms. Evidence for intracage solvent vapor bubbles. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:7629-38. [PMID: 18491897 DOI: 10.1021/ja801341m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The rate of interconversion of the two inequivalent edges of the pyridine rings in the trigonal prism 3c, self-assembled from 3 equiv of the star connector, tetrakis[4-(4-pyridylethynyl)phenyl]cyclobutadienecyclopentadienylcobalt, and 6 equiv of a platinum linker, cis-(Me3P)2Pt(2+) 2 TfO(-), was determined by DNMR in nitromethane. It exhibits a highly unusual bilinear Eyring plot. In the low temperature regime, the activation enthalpy DeltaH(double dagger) is approximately 12 kcal/mol and an activation entropy DeltaS(double dagger) ranges from approximately -15 to approximately 0 cal/mol x K as a function of the nature and concentration of the anions present. The reaction is attributed to hindered rotation of the pyridine rings about the Pt-N bond, facilitated by a tight pairing with a counterion. Above a counterion-dependent limiting temperature, DeltaH(double dagger) and DeltaS(double dagger) change abruptly to approximately 35 kcal/mol and approximately 60 cal/mol x K, respectively. The changes largely compensate, such that the reactions have comparable rates in the two regimes, both amenable to DNMR measurement, but their mechanisms clearly differ. Several kinetic models for the involvement of ion pairing equilibria fit the observed data nearly equally well, and they all contain a reaction step with high DeltaH(double dagger) and DeltaS(double dagger) values in the high-temperature regime. Its mechanism is proposed to involve a counterion-assisted reversible dissociation of one or two adjacent Pt-N bonds, followed by nearly free rotation of the terminal pyridine ring or rings and subsequent bond reclosure, which is similar to the last presumed step in the initial prism assembly. An interpretation of the very high DeltaS(double dagger) value is suggested by molecular dynamics calculations: at equilibrium, there is a bubble of gaseous nitromethane solvent inside the prism, and it collapses when the prism opens as the transition state is reached. A simple calculation of the entropy of cavitation provides quantitative support for this tentative proposal. The presence of such voids might be generally important for the formation and properties of self-assembled cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Vacek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA.
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Ghosh K, Yang HB, Northrop BH, Lyndon MM, Zheng YR, Muddiman DC, Stang PJ. Coordination-driven self-assembly of cavity-cored multiple crown ether derivatives and poly[2]pseudorotaxanes. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:5320-34. [PMID: 18341280 DOI: 10.1021/ja711502t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new 120 degree diplatinum(II) acceptor unit and the self-assembly of a series of two-dimensional metallacyclic polypseudorotaxanes that utilize both metal-ligand and crown ether-dialkylammonium noncovalent interactions are described. Judiciously combining complementary diplatinum(II) acceptors with bispyridyl donor building blocks, with an acceptor and/or donor possessing a pendant dibenzo[24]crown-8 (DB24C8) moiety, allows for the formation of three new rhomboidal bis-DB24C8, one new hexagonal tris-DB24C8, and four new hexakis-DB24C8 metallacyclic polygons in quantitative yields. The size and shape of each assembly, as well as the location and stoichiometry of the DB24C8 macrocycle, can be precisely controlled. Each polygon is able to complex two, three, or six dibenzylammonium ions without disrupting the underlying metallacyclic polygons, thus producing eight different poly[2]pseudorotaxanes and demonstrating the utility and scope of this orthogonal self-assembly technique. The assemblies are characterized with one-dimensional multinuclear ((1)H and (31)P) and two-dimensional ((1)H-(1)H COSY and NOESY) NMR spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Further analysis of the size and shape of each assembly is obtained through molecular force-field simulations. (1)H NMR titration experiments are used to establish thermodynamic binding constants and poly[2]pseudorotaxane/dibenzylammonium stoichiometries. Factors influencing the efficiency of poly[2]pseudorotaxane formation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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24
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Northrop BH, Glöckner A, Stang PJ. Functionalized hydrophobic and hydrophilic self-assembled supramolecular rectangles. J Org Chem 2008; 73:1787-94. [PMID: 18247491 DOI: 10.1021/jo702380b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of six new, functionalized 180 degrees pyridyl donor ligands and their coordination-driven self-assembly into supramolecular rectangles is reported. Three of the new donors have been functionalized with hydrophobic straight chain alkane units (C6, C12, and C18) while the remaining three have been functionalized with derivatized di-, tetra-, and hexaethylene glycol hydrophilic units (DEG, TEG, and HEG, respectively). The resulting self-assembled hydrophobic and hydrophilic supramolecular rectangles have been fully characterized by multinuclear NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Molecular force field modeling suggests that the functionalized rectangles range in size from roughly 3.0 x 2.9 to 3.0 x 6.0 nm2 in size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian H Northrop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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Willison SA, Krause JA, Connick WB. Platinum(II) Molecular Triangle with a Deep Intramolecular Cavity. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:1258-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ic7020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A. Willison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172
| | - Jeanette A. Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172
| | - William B. Connick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210172, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0172
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26
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Chas M, Abella D, Blanco V, Pía E, Blanco G, Fernández A, Platas-Iglesias C, Peinador C, Quintela JM. Synthesis of New Self-assembled PdII and PtII Rectangular Metallomacrocycles: A Comparative Study of their Inclusion Complexes. Chemistry 2007; 13:8572-82. [PMID: 17639545 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
New palladium and platinum metallocycles have been synthesized by reacting 4,4'-bipyridinium-based ligands with PdII and PtII complexes. Strict thermodynamic self-assembly of 1 and [M(en)(NO3)2] (M=Pd, Pt) 6 a,b afforded metallocycles 7 a,b. However, the synthesis of 8 a,b and 9 a,b required a self-assembly process that used sodium p-phenylenediacetate (12) as a template. Finally, metallocycles 10 a,b were synthesized under high dilution conditions from ligand 4. The formation of inclusion complexes between metallocycles 7-10 and substrates 13 and 14 were studied by low-temperature 1H NMR, and the association constants were determined in nitromethane and water by following the characteristic charge-transfer band that these metallomacrocycles show in their UV-visible absorption spectra. A clear correlation between the affinity for a substrate and the dimensions of the metallocycle was observed. Metallocycles 8 b and 9 b exhibited the highest binding constants in water and nitromethane. This observation is in agreement with the DFT (B3LYP)-optimized geometries obtained for the different metallomacrocycles, which indicate that only macrocycles 8 and 9 possess a cavity with a width larger than 3.5 A. The insertion of hydroquinone or diol 13 into the cavity of metallocycle 11 a was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Chas
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade da Coruña, Facultad de Ciencias, A Zapateira, s/n 15071, La Coruña, Spain
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27
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Legrand YM, van der Lee A, Barboiu M. Self-optimizing charge-transfer energy phenomena in metallosupramolecular complexes by dynamic constitutional self-sorting. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:9540-7. [PMID: 17718483 DOI: 10.1021/ic701122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we report an extended series of 2,6-(iminoarene)pyridine-type ZnII complexes [(Lii)2Zn]II, which were surveyed for their ability to self-exchange both their ligands and their aromatic arms and to form different homoduplex and heteroduplex complexes in solution. The self-sorting of heteroduplex complexes is likely to be the result of geometric constraints. Whereas the imine-exchange process occurs quantitatively in 1:1 mixtures of [(Lii)2Zn]II complexes, the octahedral coordination process around the metal ion defines spatial-frustrated exchanges that involve the selective formation of heterocomplexes of two, by two different substituents; the bulkiest ones (pyrene in principle) specifically interact with the pseudoterpyridine core, sterically hindering the least bulky ones, which are intermolecularly stacked with similar ligands of neighboring molecules. Such a self-sorting process defined by the specific self-constitution of the ligands exchanging their aromatic substituents is self-optimized by a specific control over their spatial orientation around a metal center within the complex. They ultimately show an improved charge-transfer energy function by virtue of the dynamic amplification of self-optimized heteroduplex architectures. These systems therefore illustrate the convergence of the combinatorial self-sorting of the dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) strategy and the constitutional self-optimized function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves-Marie Legrand
- Adaptative Supramolecular Nanosystems Group, Institut Européen des Membranes-UMR-CNRS 5635, Place Eugène Bataillon, CC 047, F-34095 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
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28
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Yang HB, Hawkridge AM, Huang SD, Das N, Bunge SD, Muddiman DC, Stang PJ. Coordination-driven self-assembly of metallodendrimers possessing well-defined and controllable cavities as cores. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:2120-9. [PMID: 17256935 DOI: 10.1021/ja066804h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The design and self-assembly of novel cavity-cored metallodendrimers via noncovalent interactions are described. By employing [G0]-[G3] 120 degrees ditopic donor linkers substituted with Fréchet-type dendrons and appropriate rigid di-Pt(II) acceptor subunits, [G0]-[G3]-rhomboidal metallodendrimers and [G0]-[G3]-hexagonal, "snowflake-shaped" metallodendrimers with well-defined shape and size were prepared under mild conditions in high yields. The assemblies were characterized with multinuclear NMR ((1)H and (31)P), mass spectrometry (ESI-MS and ESI-FT-ICR-MS), and elemental analysis. Isotopically resolved mass spectrometry data support the existence of the metallodendrimers with rhomboidal and hexagonal cavities, and NMR data are consistent with the formation of all ensembles. The structures of [G0]- and [G1]-rhomboidal metallodendrimers were unambiguously confirmed via single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The shape and size of two [G3]-hexagonal metallodendrimers were investigated with MM2 force-field modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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Yang HB, Ghosh K, Arif AM, Stang PJ. The Synthesis of New 60° Organometallic Subunits and Self-Assembly of Three-Dimensional M3L2 Trigonal-Bipyramidal Cages. J Org Chem 2006; 71:9464-9. [PMID: 17137374 DOI: 10.1021/jo061779j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
By employing the coupling reaction of trans-PtI2(Et3)2 with C-H bonds in alkynes as the key step, two new 60 degrees organometallic subunits with different size from 3,6-dibromophenanthrene were prepared in reasonable yields. The X-ray structures of both di-Pt(II) diiodide complexes showed that they were indeed suitable candidates for 60 degrees building units. By utilizing these novel linkers as ditopic acceptor subunits, three M3L2 trigonal-bipyramidal (TBP) cages were formed. All three TBP cages were characterized with multinuclear NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) along with element analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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30
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Yang HB, Das N, Huang F, Hawkridge AM, Díaz DD, Arif AM, Finn MG, Muddiman DC, Stang PJ. Incorporation of 2,6-Di(4,4‘-dipyridyl)-9-thiabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane into Discrete 2D Supramolecules via Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly. J Org Chem 2006; 71:6644-7. [PMID: 16901162 DOI: 10.1021/jo0608117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of three new supramolecular complexes 6-8 (a rhomboid and two hexagons) via coordination-driven self-assembly are reported in excellent yields (>90%). These assemblies have 2,6-di(4,4'-dipyridyl)-9-thiabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane 2 as the bridging tecton. All assemblies were characterized by multinuclear NMR (1H and 31P), mass spectrometry (ESI-MS and ESI-FT-ICR), and elemental analysis. The X-ray structure of the 120 degrees tecton 2 is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, RM, 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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