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Jiang G, Lou XF, Zuo S, Liu X, Ren TB, Wang L, Zhang XB, Yuan L. Tuning the Cellular Uptake and Retention of Rhodamine Dyes by Molecular Engineering for High-Contrast Imaging of Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218613. [PMID: 36855015 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Probes allowing high-contrast discrimination of cancer cells and effective retention are powerful tools for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. However, conventional small-molecule probes often show limited performance in both aspects. Herein, we report an ingenious molecular engineering strategy for tuning the cellular uptake and retention of rhodamine dyes. Introduction of polar aminoethyl leads to the increased brightness and reduced cellular uptake of dyes, and this change can be reversed by amino acetylation. Moreover, these modifications allow cancer cells to take up more dyes than normal cells (16-fold) through active transport. Specifically, we further improve the signal contrast (56-fold) between cancer and normal cells by constructing activatable probes and confirm that the released fluorophore can remain in cancer cells with extended time, enabling long-term and specific tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangwei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Shan Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Xixuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Bing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Geiselhart
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe 76128, Germany
| | - Wenwen Xue
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe 76128, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe 76128, Germany
- Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Hatice Mutlu
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe 76128, Germany
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3
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Su D, Chen X, Zhang Y, Gao X. Activatable imaging probes for cancer-linked NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1): Advances and future prospects. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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4
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Yao C, Li Y, Wang Z, Song C, Hu X, Liu S. Cytosolic NQO1 Enzyme-Activated Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy with Polymeric Vesicles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:1919-1935. [PMID: 31935063 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of enzymes as a triggering module could endow responsive polymeric nanostructures with selectivity in a site-specific manner. On the basis of the fact that endogenous NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase isozyme 1 (NQO1) is overexpressed in many types of tumors, we report on the fabrication of photosensitizer-conjugated polymeric vesicles, exhibiting synergistic NQO1-triggered turn-on of both near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence emission and a photodynamic therapy (PDT) module. For vesicles self-assembled from amphiphilic block copolymers containing quinone trimethyl lock-capped self-immolative side linkages and quinone-bridged photosensitizers (coumarin and Nile blue) in the hydrophobic block, both fluorescence emission and PDT potency are initially in the "off" state due to "double quenching" effects, that is, dye-aggregation-caused quenching and quinone-rendered PET (photoinduced electron transfer) quenching. After internalization into NQO1-positive vesicles, the cytosolic NQO1 enzyme triggers self-immolative cleavage of quinone linkages and fluorogenic release of conjugated photosensitizers, leading to NIR fluorescence emission turn-on and activated PDT. This process is accompanied by the transformation of vesicles into cross-linked micelles with hydrophilic cores and smaller sizes and triggered dual drug release, which could be directly monitored by enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for vesicles conjugated with a DOTA(Gd) complex in the hydrophobic bilayer. We further demonstrate that the above strategy could be successfully applied for activated NIR fluorescence imaging and tissue-specific PDT under both cellular and in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhi Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Yamin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Zhixiong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631 , China
| | - Chengzhou Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Xianglong Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics , South China Normal University , Guangzhou 510631 , China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
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5
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Zaboli M, Zaboli M, Torkzadeh-Mahani M. From in vitro to in silico: Modeling and recombinant production of DT-Diaphorase enzyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 143:213-223. [PMID: 31812741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
DT-Diaphorase (DTD) belonging to the oxidoreductase family, is among the most important enzymes and is of great significance in present-day biotechnology. Also, it has potential applications in glucose and pyruvate biosensors. Another important role of the DTD enzyme is in the detection of Phenylketonuria disease. According to the above demands, at first, we tried to study molecular cloning and production of recombinant DTD in E. coli BL21 strain. We have successfully cloned, expressed, and purified functionally active diaphorase. The amount of enzyme was increased in 10-h using IPTG induction, and the recombinant protein was purified by Ni-NTA agarose affinity chromatography. After that, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the enzyme, optimum temperature and pH were also investigated to find more in-depth information. In the end, to represent the connections between the structures and function of this enzyme, the molecular dynamics simulations have been considered at two temperatures in which DTD had maximum and minimum activity (310 and 293 K, respectively). The results of MD simulations indicated that the interaction between NADH with phenylalanine 232 residue at 310 K is more severe than other residues. So, to investigate the interaction details of NADH/PHE 232 the DFT calculations were done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdiye Zaboli
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Zaboli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Masoud Torkzadeh-Mahani
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
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6
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Chen BJ, Mani V, Huang ST, Hu YC, Shan HCP. Bisintercalating DNA redox reporters for real-time electrochemical qLAMP. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 129:277-283. [PMID: 30266426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical detection methods have emerged as a potential alternative to the bench-top optical systems in monitoring nucleic acid amplification. DNA intercalating redox reporters play a crucial role in such monitoring schemes. Here, a series of bisintercalating redox probes have been tailor-made to meet specific requirements of electrochemical quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification (qLAMP). The probes composed of two naphthoquinone-imidazole (NQIM) derivatives as signal motifs that are covalently bridged by different linkers (R). They are bis-NQIM-R; R = Alkane (Ak), ethylene glycol (EG) and phenyl (Ph). The linkers allow the probes to be fine-tuned for securing ideal redox reporter. DNA binding studies via electrochemical and fluorescence techniques demonstrate that the bis-NQIM-R probes possess better ds-DNA bisintercalating ability compared to their mono-analogs. The bis-NQIM-Ph was implemented in a real-time electrochemical qLAMP, for which a prototype custom-made device that can perform fully automated multiplexed analyses is devised. A single copy of Salmonella DNA was quantified in just 10 min and the performance is comparable to the benchtop fluorescence method. Thus, the bisintercalating redox reporters incorporated electrochemical detection schemes hold great promise in qLAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Jun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Veerappan Mani
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Biochemical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sheng-Tung Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Biochemical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yi-Chiuen Hu
- National Applied Research Lab, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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7
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Okoh OA, Klahn P. Trimethyl Lock: A Multifunctional Molecular Tool for Drug Delivery, Cellular Imaging, and Stimuli-Responsive Materials. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1668-1694. [PMID: 29888433 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trimethyl lock (TML) systems are based on ortho-hydroxydihydrocinnamic acid derivatives displaying increased lactonization reactivity owing to unfavorable steric interactions of three pendant methyl groups, and this leads to the formation of hydrocoumarins. Protection of the phenolic hydroxy function or masking of the reactivity as benzoquinone derivatives prevents lactonization and provides a trigger for controlled release of molecules attached to the carboxylic acid function through amides, esters, or thioesters. Their easy synthesis and possible chemical adaption to several different triggers make TML a highly versatile module for the development of drug-delivery systems, prodrug approaches, cell-imaging tools, molecular tools for supramolecular chemistry, as well as smart stimuliresponsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okoh Adeyi Okoh
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Philipp Klahn
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
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8
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Fenneteau J, Chauvin D, Griffiths AD, Nizak C, Cossy J. Synthesis of new hydrophilic rhodamine based enzymatic substrates compatible with droplet-based microfluidic assays. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:5437-5440. [PMID: 28462964 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01506b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the conception, synthesis and evaluation of new hydrophilic rhodamine-based enzymatic substrates for detection of peptidase activity compatible with high-throughput screening using droplet-based microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Fenneteau
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Institute of Chemistry, Biology and Innovation (CBI), UMR 8231, ESPCI Paris/CNRS, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231-Paris Cedex 05, France.
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9
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Zhou J, Zhang J, Ren H, Dong X, Zheng X, Zhao W. A turn-on fluorescent probe for selective detection of glutathione using trimethyl lock strategy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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10
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Bywaters L, Mulcahy-Ryan L, Fielder M, Sinclair A, Le Gresley A. Synthetic scale-up of a novel fluorescent probe and its biological evaluation for surface detection of Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Cell Probes 2017; 36:1-9. [PMID: 28668278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports on the LGX fluorometric test for enzymatic MRSA/MSSA detection. It highlights the reasons rhodamines have been overlooked and also strategies to improve the synthesis of rhodamine-peptide conjugates. Evaluation of the LGX test for detection of MRSA/MSSA on surfaces is undertaken in the presence of potentially confounding E. coli and S. epidermidis for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bywaters
- Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SEC Faculty, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren Mulcahy-Ryan
- Applied and Human Sciences, SEC Faculty, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Fielder
- Applied and Human Sciences, SEC Faculty, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Sinclair
- Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SEC Faculty, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Le Gresley
- Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SEC Faculty, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, United Kingdom.
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11
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Walton DP, Dougherty DA. A General Strategy for Visible-Light Decaging Based on the Quinone Trimethyl Lock. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4655-4658. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Walton
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Dennis A. Dougherty
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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12
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Kwon N, Cho MK, Park SJ, Kim D, Nam SJ, Cui L, Kim HM, Yoon J. An efficient two-photon fluorescent probe for human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (hNQO1) detection and imaging in tumor cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:525-528. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08971b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The probe TPQ, which displays high selectivity and anti-interference ability, was successfully applied to endogenous hNQO1 imaging and for the identification of different cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750
- Korea
| | - Myoung Ki Cho
- Department of Energy Systems Research
- Ajou University
- Suwon 443-749
- Korea
| | - Sang Jun Park
- Department of Energy Systems Research
- Ajou University
- Suwon 443-749
- Korea
| | - Dayoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750
- Korea
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750
- Korea
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750
- Korea
- College of Science
| | - Hwan Myung Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research
- Ajou University
- Suwon 443-749
- Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science
- Ewha Womans University
- Seoul 120-750
- Korea
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13
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Best QA, Prasai B, Rouillere A, Johnson AE, McCarley RL. Efficacious fluorescence turn-on probe for high-contrast imaging of human cells overexpressing quinone reductase activity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:783-786. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08306d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A turn-on substrate probe is activated by an oxidoreductase, offering fluorescence images of cancer cells with unprecedented positive signal-to-negative background ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn A. Best
- Department of Chemistry
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
| | - Bijeta Prasai
- Department of Chemistry
- Louisiana State University
- Baton Rouge
- USA
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14
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Chevalier A, Piao W, Hanaoka K, Nagano T, Renard PY, Romieu A. Azobenzene-caged sulforhodamine dyes: a novel class of 'turn-on' reactive probes for hypoxic tumor cell imaging. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2015; 3:044004. [PMID: 29148517 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/3/4/044004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
New sulforhodamine-based fluorescent 'turn-on' probes have been developed for the direct imaging of cellular hypoxia. Rapid access to this novel class of water-soluble 'azobenzene-caged' fluorophores was made possible through an easily-implementable azo-coupling reaction between a fluorescent primary arylamine derived from a sulforhodamine 101 scaffold (named SR101-NaphtNH 2 ) and a tertiary aniline whose N-substituents are neutral, cationic, or zwitterionic. The detection mechanism is based on the bioreductive cleavage of the azo bond that restores strong far-red fluorescence (emission maximum at 625 nm) by regenerating the original sulforhodamine SR101-NaphtNH 2 . This valuable fluorogenic response was obtained for the three 'smart' probes studied in this work, as shown by an in vitro assay using rat liver microsomes placed under aerobic and then under hypoxic conditions. Most importantly, the probe namely SR101-NaphtNH 2 -Hyp-diMe was successfully applied for imaging the hypoxic status of tumor cells (A549 cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Chevalier
- Normandie Université, COBRA UMR 6014 & FR 3038; Univ. Rouen; INSA Rouen; CNRS, IRCOF, 1, Rue Tesnières, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France
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15
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Prasai B, Silvers WC, McCarley RL. Oxidoreductase-Facilitated Visualization and Detection of Human Cancer Cells. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6411-8. [PMID: 26005900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Achieving highly selective and sensitive detection/visualization of intracellular biological events through the use of cell-penetrable, bioanalyte-activatable, turn-on probes is dependent on the presence of specific event-linked cellular biomarkers, if and only if there exist activatable probes that appropriately respond to the biomarker analyte. Here is described the evaluation of, and use in cellular imaging studies, a previously undisclosed naphthalimide probe QMeNN, whose fluorescence is deactivated by photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) quenching that results from the presence of a covalently linked biomarker-specific quinone trigger group. Highly selective and rapid activation of the quinone group by the human cancer tumor-linked NAD(P)H quinone oxido-reductase isozyme 1 (hNQO1) results in fast trigger group removal to yield a highly fluorescent green-energy-range reporter that possesses a high molar absorptivity; there is a 136-fold increase in brightness for the enzymatically produced reporter versus probe precursor, a value 4 times greater than previously reported for the hNQO1 analyte. The novel probe is taken up and activated rapidly within only hNQO1-positive human cancer cells; addition of an hNQO1 inhibitor prevents the selective activation of the probe. Comparison of cytosolic fluorescence intensity in positive cells versus background in negative cells yields a quantitative metric (positive-to-negative ratio, PNR) for judging hNQO1 activity. We show it is possible to determine hNQO1 presence in previously studied colorectal cancer cells and the unexplored ovarian cancer cell line NIH:OVCAR-3, with respective PNR values of 926 and 34 being obtained. Even with 10 min probe incubation, ready discrimination of positive cells from negative cells is achieved. Cell viability is unaffected by probe presence, thereby highlighting the practicality of probe use in live-cell imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijeta Prasai
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
| | - William C Silvers
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
| | - Robin L McCarley
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
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16
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Liu P, Xu J, Yan D, Zhang P, Zeng F, Li B, Wu S. A DT-diaphorase responsive theranostic prodrug for diagnosis, drug release monitoring and therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9567-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02149a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A DT-diaphorase responsive theranostic prodrug has been developed for diagnosis, tracking of drug release and selectively killing cancer cells over-expressed with DT-diaphorase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilian Liu
- College of Materials Science & Engineering
- State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials & Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Jiangsheng Xu
- College of Materials Science & Engineering
- State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials & Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Donghang Yan
- College of Materials Science & Engineering
- State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials & Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Peisheng Zhang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering
- State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials & Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Fang Zeng
- College of Materials Science & Engineering
- State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials & Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Bowen Li
- College of Materials Science & Engineering
- State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials & Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Shuizhu Wu
- College of Materials Science & Engineering
- State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials & Devices
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
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17
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Zhou W, Leippe D, Duellman S, Sobol M, Vidugiriene J, O'Brien M, Shultz JW, Kimball JJ, DiBernardo C, Moothart L, Bernad L, Cali J, Klaubert DH, Meisenheimer P. Self-immolative bioluminogenic quinone luciferins for NAD(P)H assays and reducing capacity-based cell viability assays. Chembiochem 2014; 15:670-5. [PMID: 24591148 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive self-cleavable trimethyl lock quinone-luciferin substrates for diaphorase were designed and synthesized to measure NAD(P)H in biological samples and monitor viable cells via NAD(P)H-dependent cellular oxidoreductase enzymes and their NAD(P)H cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhou
- Research and Development, Promega Biosciences, Inc. 277 Granada Drive, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 (USA).
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18
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Gao X, Li X, Wan Q, Li Z, Ma H. Detection of glucose via enzyme-coupling reaction based on a DT-diaphorase fluorescence probe. Talanta 2014; 120:456-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Li X, Gao X, Shi W, Ma H. Design strategies for water-soluble small molecular chromogenic and fluorogenic probes. Chem Rev 2013; 114:590-659. [PMID: 24024656 DOI: 10.1021/cr300508p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1195] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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The chemistry of small-molecule fluorogenic probes. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 113:1-34. [PMID: 23244787 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386932-6.00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Chemical fluorophores find wide use in biology to detect and visualize different phenomena. A key advantage of small-molecule dyes is the ability to construct compounds where fluorescence is activated by chemical or biochemical processes. Fluorogenic molecules, in which fluorescence is activated by enzymatic activity, light, or environmental changes, enable advanced bioassays and sophisticated imaging experiments. Here, we detail the collection of fluorophores and highlight both general strategies and unique approaches that are employed to control fluorescence using chemistry.
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Silvers WC, Prasai B, Burk DH, Brown ML, McCarley RL. Profluorogenic reductase substrate for rapid, selective, and sensitive visualization and detection of human cancer cells that overexpress NQO1. J Am Chem Soc 2012. [PMID: 23198810 DOI: 10.1021/ja309346f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Achieving the vision of identifying and quantifying cancer-related events and targets for future personalized oncology is predicated on the existence of synthetically accessible and economically viable probe molecules fully able to report the presence of these events and targets in a rapid and highly selective and sensitive fashion. Delineated here are the design and evaluation of a newly synthesized turn-on probe whose intense fluorescent reporter signature is revealed only through probe activation by a specific intracellular enzyme present in tumor cells of multiple origins. Quenching of molecular probe fluorescence is achieved through unique photoinduced electron transfer between the naphthalimide dye reporter and a covalently attached, quinone-based enzyme substrate. Fluorescence of the reporter dye is turned on by rapid removal of the quinone quencher, an event that immediately occurs only after highly selective, two-electron reduction of the sterically and conformationally restricted quinone substrate by the cancer-associated human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase isozyme 1 (hNQO1). Successes of the approach include rapid differentiation of NQO1-expressing and -nonexpressing cancer cell lines via the unaided eye, flow cytometry, fluorescence imaging, and two-photon microscopy. The potential for use of the turn-on probe in longer-term cellular studies is indicated by its lack of influence on cell viability and its in vitro stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Silvers
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, United States
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22
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Mendoza MF, Hollabaugh NM, Hettiarachchi SU, McCarley RL. Human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase type I (hNQO1) activation of quinone propionic acid trigger groups. Biochemistry 2012; 51:8014-26. [PMID: 22989153 DOI: 10.1021/bi300760u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase type I (NQO1) is a target enzyme for triggered delivery of drugs at inflamed tissue and tumor sites, particularly those that challenge traditional therapies. Prodrugs, macromolecules, and molecular assemblies possessing trigger groups that can be cleaved by environmental stimuli are vehicles with the potential to yield active drug only at prescribed sites. Furthermore, quinone propionic acids (QPAs) covalently attached to prodrugs or liposome surfaces can be removed by application of a reductive trigger stimulus, such as that from NQO1; their rates of reductive activation should be tunable via QPA structure. We explored in detail the recombinant human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase type I (rhNQO1)-catalyzed NADH reduction of a family of substituted QPAs and obtained high precision kinetic parameters. It is found that small changes in QPA structure-in particular, single atom and function group substitutions on the quinone ring at R(1)-lead to significant impacts on the Michaelis constant (K(m)), maximum velocity (V(max)), catalytic constant (k(cat)), and catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)). Molecular docking simulations demonstrate that alterations in QPA structure result in large changes in QPA alignment and placement with respect to the flavin isoalloxazine ring in the active site of rhNQO1; a qualitative relationship exists between the kinetic parameters and the depth of QPA penetration into the rhNQO1 active site. From a quantitative perspective, a very good correlation is observed between log(k(cat)/K(m)) and the molecular-docking-derived distance between the flavin hydride donor site and quinone hydride acceptor site in the QPAs, an observation that is in agreement with developing theories. The comprehensive kinetic and molecular modeling knowledge obtained for the interaction of recombinant human NQO1 with the quinone propionic acid analogues provides insight into the design and implementation of the QPA trigger groups for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-1804, USA
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23
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Levine MN, Raines RT. Trimethyl lock: A trigger for molecular release in chemistry, biology, and pharmacology. Chem Sci 2012; 3:2412-2420. [PMID: 23181187 PMCID: PMC3501758 DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20536j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The trimethyl lock is an o-hydroxydihydrocinnamic acid derivative in which unfavorable steric interactions between three pendant methyl groups encourage lactonization to form a hydrocoumarin. This reaction is extremely rapid, even when the electrophile is an amide and the leaving group is an amino group of a small-molecule drug, fluorophore, peptide, or nucleic acid. O-Acylation of the phenolic hydroxyl group prevents reaction, providing a trigger for the reaction. Thus, the release of an amino group from an amide can be coupled to the hydrolysis of a designated ester (or to another chemical reaction that regenerates the hydroxyl group). Trimethyl lock conjugates are easy to synthesize, making the trimethyl lock a highly versatile module for chemical biology and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. Levine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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24
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Shi W, Ma H. Spectroscopic probes with changeable π-conjugated systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:8732-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc33366j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Cho H, Bae J, Garripelli VK, Anderson JM, Jun HW, Jo S. Redox-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:6043-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31463k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Chen X, Pradhan T, Wang F, Kim JS, Yoon J. Fluorescent Chemosensors Based on Spiroring-Opening of Xanthenes and Related Derivatives. Chem Rev 2011; 112:1910-56. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200201z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1608] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Chen
- Departments of Chemistry and Nano Science and of Bioinspired Science (WCU), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tuhin Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Fang Wang
- Departments of Chemistry and Nano Science and of Bioinspired Science (WCU), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Departments of Chemistry and Nano Science and of Bioinspired Science (WCU), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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Huang HC, Wang KL, Huang ST, Lin HY, Lin CM. Development of a sensitive long-wavelength fluorogenic probe for nitroreductase: a new fluorimetric indictor for analyte determination by dehydrogenase-coupled biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:3511-6. [PMID: 21398106 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitroreductase (NTR) is a flavin-containing enzyme that uses NADH as the electron source to reduce nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding amines. Previous studies have shown that nitroreductase-targeted latent fluorophores exhibit low solubility in the aqueous media and fluoresce at lower wavelengths upon uncloaking, thus limiting their effective applications. Here, we have prepared a new switch-on long-wavelength latent fluorogenic substrate, NTRLF (4), for NTR. In the presence of NADH, NTR catalyzes the reduction of the nitroaromatic moiety in NTRLF (4), followed by the cascade reaction, 1,6-rearrangement-elimination reaction, cyclic urea formation, and concomitant ejects a long-wavelength fluorescence coumarin (8). However, this reaction was inhibited in the presence of nitroaromatic analogues. The fluorescence signal generated by the cascade reaction was specific and insensitive to various reductants. Accordingly, we propose that NTRLF and NTR in the presences of NADH constitute a useful switch-off high-throughput fluorescence sensor for screening nitroaromatic compounds. Furthermore, NTRLF in the NTR-coupled 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase assay reactions was a sensitive fluorimetric indicator for the quantitatively measurement of 3-hydroxybutyrate and propionaldehyde, respectively within micromolar range. Our novel NTRLF and NTR-coupled dehydrogenase assay platform may thus be effectively applied for the quantitative estimation of a broad range of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun-Chung Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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28
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Abstract
The early detection of many human diseases is crucial if they are to be treated successfully. Therefore, the development of imaging techniques that can facilitate early detection of disease is of high importance. Changes in the levels of enzyme expression are known to occur in many diseases, making their accurate detection at low concentrations an area of considerable active research. Activatable fluorescent probes show immense promise in this area. If properly designed they should exhibit no signal until they interact with their target enzyme, reducing the level of background fluorescence and potentially endowing them with greater sensitivity. The mechanisms of fluorescence changes in activatable probes vary. This review aims to survey the field of activatable probes, focusing on their mechanisms of action as well as illustrating some of the in vitro and in vivo settings in which they have been employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Drake
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 185 Berry Street, Suite 350, Box 0946, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
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29
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Kinetic delay of cyclization/elimination-coupled enzyme assays: Analysis and solution. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1069-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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30
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Huang ST, Teng CJ, Lee YH, Wu JY, Wang KL, Lin CM. Design and synthesis of a long-wavelength latent fluorogenic substrate for salicylate hydroxylase: a useful fluorimetric indicator for analyte determination by dehydrogenase-coupled biosensors. Anal Chem 2011; 82:7329-34. [PMID: 20695438 DOI: 10.1021/ac101281p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Salicylate hydroxylase (SHL) catalyzes the production of catechol (plus CO(2) and H(2)O) from salicylate, NADH, and O(2). Coimmobilization of SHL with a NAD(P)(+)-dependent dehydrogenase in front of a Clark-type oxygen electrode has been investigated in the development of a general type of dehydrogenase-based biosensors that can detect various biological analytes; however, currently, no fluorophores are available for these applications. We synthesized the first new long-wavelength latent fluorogenic substrate SHLF (3) for SHL. In the presence of NADH and under aerobic conditions, SHL catalyzes the decarboxylative hydroxylation of SHLF followed by a quinone-methide-type rearrangement reaction concomitant with the ejection of a fluorescence coumarin 2, which is spontaneous and irreversible at physiological temperatures in aqueous media. The fluorescence signal generated by this process is specific and, in the near red spectral region with an emission maximum at 595 nm, is suppressed by salicylic acid. The fluorescence response of SHLF is insensitive to various biological reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reductants. Furthermore, SHLF is a sensitive fluorimetric indicator for analyte determination in the SHL-coupled dehydrogenase assay in which NAD(+) is converted to NADH. This novel fluorescence assay detected 3-hydroxybutyrate and cholesterol in the nanomolar range and is more sensitive than the current SHL-dehydrogenase amperometric sensors, making it applicable to the construction of a fiber-optic fluorescence biosensor for clinical diagnostic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Tung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
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31
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Silvers WC, Payne AS, McCarley RL. Shedding light by cancer redox—human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 activation of a cloaked fluorescent dye. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:11264-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14578a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Do JH, Kim HN, Yoon J, Kim JS, Kim HJ. A Rationally Designed Fluorescence Turn-On Probe for the Gold(III) Ion. Org Lett 2010; 12:932-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol902860f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Do
- Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, Suwon 443-760, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ehwa Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Ha Na Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, Suwon 443-760, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ehwa Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, Suwon 443-760, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ehwa Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, Suwon 443-760, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ehwa Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Hae-Jo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, Suwon 443-760, Korea, Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ehwa Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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33
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van den Dungen ETA, Loos B, Klumperman B. Use of a Profluorophore for Visualization of the Rupture of Capsules in Self-Healing Coatings. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 31:625-8. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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34
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Watkins RW, Lavis LD, Kung VM, Los GV, Raines RT. Fluorogenic affinity label for the facile, rapid imaging of proteins in live cells. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:3969-75. [PMID: 19763299 PMCID: PMC2800956 DOI: 10.1039/b907664f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Haloalkane dehalogenase (HD) catalyzes the hydrolysis of haloalkanes via a covalent enzyme-substrate intermediate. Fusing a target protein to an HD variant that cannot hydrolyze the intermediate enables labeling of the target protein with a haloalkane in cellulo. The utility of extant probes is hampered, however, by background fluorescence as well as limited membrane permeability. Here, we report on the synthesis and use of a fluorogenic affinity label that, after unmasking by an intracellular esterase, labels an HD variant in cellulo. Labeling is rapid and specific, as expected from the reliance upon enzymic catalysts and the high membrane permeance of the probe both before and after unmasking. Most notably, even high concentrations of the fluorogenic affinity label cause minimal background fluorescence without a need to wash the cells. We envision that such fluorogenic affinity labels, which enlist catalysis by two cellular enzymes, will find utility in pulse-chase experiments, high-content screening, and numerous other protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex W. Watkins
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Luke D. Lavis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Vanessa M. Kung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Georgyi V. Los
- Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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35
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Beija M, Afonso CAM, Martinho JMG. Synthesis and applications of Rhodamine derivatives as fluorescent probes. Chem Soc Rev 2009; 38:2410-33. [DOI: 10.1039/b901612k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1095] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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36
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Yatzeck MM, Lavis LD, Chao TY, Chandran SS, Raines RT. A highly sensitive fluorogenic probe for cytochrome P450 activity in live cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5864-6. [PMID: 18595692 PMCID: PMC2586036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 06/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A derivative of rhodamine 110 has been designed and assessed as a probe for cytochrome P450 activity. This probe is the first to utilize a 'trimethyl lock' that is triggered by cleavage of an ether bond. In vitro, fluorescence was manifested by the CYP1A1 isozyme with k(cat)/K(M)=8.8x10(3)M(-1)s(-1) and K(M)=0.09microM. In cellulo, the probe revealed the induction of cytochrome P450 activity by the carcinogen 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and its repression by the chemoprotectant resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Yatzeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706-1322, USA
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Huang ST, Peng YX, Wang KL. Synthesis of a new long-wavelength latent fluorimetric indicator for analytes determination in the DT-Diaphorase coupling dehydrogenase assay system. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 23:1793-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 02/16/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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38
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Zhou W, Andrews C, Liu J, Shultz JW, Valley MP, Cali JJ, Hawkins EM, Klaubert DH, Bulleit RF, Wood KV. Self-Cleavable Bioluminogenic Luciferin Phosphates as Alkaline Phosphatase Reporters. Chembiochem 2008; 9:714-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Weerapreeyakul N, Anorach R, Khuansawad T, Yenjai C, Isaka M. Synthesis of Bioreductive Esters from Fungal Compounds. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:930-5. [PMID: 17541198 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Four new bioreductive esters (7-10) have been synthesized. Their structures composed of trimethyl lock containing quinone propionic acid with an ester linkage to the fungal cytotoxic compounds; preussomerin G (1), preussomerin I (2), phaseolinone (3) and phomenone (4). The synthesized esters are aimed to act via reductive activation specifically at the cancer cells, resulting from hypoxia and overexpression of reductases. Hence, the toxicity will be lessened during distribution across the normal cells. The anticancer activity was determined in cancer cell lines with reported reductase i.e., BC-1 cells and NCI-H187 as well as in non-reductase containing cancer cells; KB cells. When considering each cell lines, result showed that structure modification giving to 7-10 led to less cytotoxicity than their parent compounds (1-4). Both 7 and 8 were strongly cytotoxic (IC50 < or = 5 microg/ml) to NCI-H187, whereas 9 and 10 were moderately cytotoxic (IC50 = 6-10 microg/ml) to BC-1 cells. Additional study of stability of represented phenolic ester (8) and an alcoholic ester (9) were performed. Result illustrated that both 8 and 9 were stable in the presence of esterase. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds (8-10) might be due to partial bioreductive activation in the cancer cells.
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Clavé G, Bernardin A, Massonneau M, Renard PY, Romieu A. Latent fluorophores based on a Mannich cyclisation trigger. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.06.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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