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Tu C, Huang W, Liang S, Wang K, Tian Q, Yan W. High-throughput virtual screening of organic second-order nonlinear optical chromophores within the donor-π-bridge-acceptor framework. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2363-2375. [PMID: 38167888 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04046a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In view of the theoretical importance and huge application potential of second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, it is of great significance to conduct high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) on a compound library to find candidate NLO chromophores. Under the donor-π-bridge-acceptor structural framework, a virtual compound library (size = 27 090) was constructed by enumeration of structural fragments. The kernel property adopted for optimization is the static first hyperpolarizability (β0). By combining machine learning and quantum chemical calculations, we have performed an HTVS procedure to sieve NLO chromophores out, and the response mechanism of the selected optimal NLO chromophores was examined. We have found: (a) The multi-layer perceptron/extended connectivity fingerprint combination with 20% selection ratio gives the highest prediction accuracy for the studied systems. (b) The two optimal donors are bis(4-diphenylaminophenyl)aminyl and bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)aminyl; the optimal π-bridges are composed of two thiophenyl, selenophenyl or furanyl units; and the two optimal acceptors are tri-s-triazinyl and 2,3-dicyanopyrazinyl. (c) The no. 1 candidate molecule can exhibit a calculated β0 equal to 8.55 × 104 a.u. (d) The difference in NLO responses of the optimal 16 molecules comes from the synergistic interaction of ES1, Δμ and f, by employing the two-level model. In addition, the sizable Δμ and f allow the studied optimal molecules to obtain a large NLO response in the meantime keeping a not-too-low excitation energy (retaining good optical transparency in the restricted range of the visible spectrum region). (e) With further modification on the acceptor, the designed DPA-π-TRZ-A' (A' = CN or NO2, π = oligo-thiophenyl or selenophenyl) systems can exhibit a rather large NLO response (maximum β0 = 3.17 × 105 a.u.), hence should have considerable potential as second-order NLO chromophores. With the above observations, we expect to provide some insight for the research community into the HTVS of organic second-order NLO chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyun Tu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, 550005, P. R. China.
| | - Weijiang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, 550005, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng Liang
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Guiyang University, Guiyang, 550005, P. R. China
| | - Kui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, 550005, P. R. China.
| | - Qin Tian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, 550005, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Yan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, 550005, P. R. China.
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2
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Rothe C, Neusser D, Hoppe N, Dirnberger K, Vogel W, Gámez-Valenzuela S, López Navarrete JT, Villacampa B, Berroth M, Ruiz Delgado MC, Ludwigs S. Push-pull thiophene chromophores for electro-optic applications: from 1D linear to β-branched structures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2283-2294. [PMID: 31922173 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05640h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of a novel series of push-pull chromophores bearing 1D linear and β-branched thiophenes as π-conjugated spacers between a 2,2,4,7-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline electron donor unit and dicyano- and tricyanovinylene electron acceptor groups. The effect of the introduction of β-thiophenes on the linear and nonlinear (NLO) optical properties as well as electrochemical and thermal data is studied in detail by performing a comparative study between the branched and 1D linear systems. In addition, a parallel DFT computational study is used to evaluate structure-property relationships. The non-linear optical behavior of the molecules both in solution and in solid state as electro-optic (EO) films using a guest-host approach shows very promising performance for electro-optic applications with high molecular first hyperpolarizabilities (μβ) of 4840 × 10-48 esu and electro-optic coefficients r33 reaching 650 pm V-1. One highlight is that the electro-optic films of the β-branched chromophores are superior in terms of thermal stability in device operation as measured by a transmissive modified reflective Teng-Man method. This work provides guidelines for the design of improved electro-optic materials including β-branched chromophores which could be useful for practical EO applications, where both enhanced β and r33 values together with chemical and thermal stability are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rothe
- IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - David Neusser
- IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Niklas Hoppe
- Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Dirnberger
- IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Vogel
- Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | - Belén Villacampa
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Escuela de Ingeniería y Arquitectura - Universidad de Zaragoza, C/María de Luna, 3, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manfred Berroth
- Institute of Electrical and Optical Communications Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Ludwigs
- IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Xu H, Elder DL, Johnson LE, Robinson BH, Dalton LR. Molecular Engineering of Structurally Diverse Dendrimers with Large Electro-Optic Activities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21058-21068. [PMID: 31117459 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To boost electro-optic (EO) performance, a series of multichromophore dendrimers have been developed based on higher hyperpolarizability (CLD-type) chromophore cores that have been used previously (FTC-type dendrimers). The multichromophore dendrimers were molecularly engineered to have either three arms, two arms, or one arm; long or short linkers; and a fluorinated dendron (FD) or tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS) shell. The EO performance obtained by FDSD (poling efficiency = 1.60 nm2 V-2), based on succinic diester linkers, was higher than the analogue with longer adipic diester linkers and higher than the analogs with fewer chromophore moieties. Due to the shorter succinic diester linker and improved site isolation, the dendrimer chromophore with TBDPS groups exhibited enhanced glass-transition temperature ( Tg = 108 °C) and comparable poling efficiency (1.62 nm2 V-2) to the FD-containing version. These neat EO dendrimers have a higher index of refraction ( n = 1.75-1.84 at 1310 nm) than guest-host polymeric EO materials ( n ≈ 1.6, 1310 nm) and FTC-type EO dendrimers ( n = 1.73, 1310 nm), which is important, because a key metric for Mach-Zehnder modulators is proportional to n3. In addition, binary chromophore organic glasses (BCOGs) were prepared by doping a secondary EO chromophore at 25 wt % into neat dendrimers. Enhancements of EO performance were found in all BCOG materials compared with neat dendrimers due to the effect of blending. As a result of increased chromophore density, the n values of the BCOGs improved to 1.81-1.92. One BOCG, in particular, displayed the highest poling efficiency (2.35 nm2 V-2) and largest EO coefficient ( r33) value of 275 pm V-1 at 1310 nm, which represents a high n3 r33 figure-of-merit of 1946 pm V-1. The high poling efficiencies and n3 r33 figure-of-merit combined with excellent film forming confirm these neat dendrimers and BCOGs based on them as promising candidates for incorporation into photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajun Xu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
| | - Delwin L Elder
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
| | - Lewis E Johnson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
| | - Bruce H Robinson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
| | - Larry R Dalton
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
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4
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Yang Y, Chen Z, Liu J, Xiao H, Zhen Z, Liu X, Jiang G. Structural control of side-chain chromophores to achieve highly efficient electro-optic activity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:11502-11509. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01582h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chromophore J2 in APC provided the best balance between steric hindrance and molecular free mobility with excellent electro-optic coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yang
- College of Materials and Textiles
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology (Zhejiang)
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Jialei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Xinhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Guohua Jiang
- College of Materials and Textiles
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou 310018
- P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Textile Fiber Materials and Processing Technology (Zhejiang)
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5
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Yang Y, Wang H, Liu F, Yang D, Bo S, Qiu L, Zhen Z, Liu X. The synthesis of new double-donor chromophores with excellent electro-optic activity by introducing modified bridges. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:5776-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05829a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New double-donor chromophores were synthesized and large hyperpolarizability can be effectively translated into large electro-optic coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Fenggang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Shuhui Bo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Xinhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
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6
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Wu J, Bo S, Wang W, Deng G, Zhen Z, Liu X, Chiang KS. Facile bromine-termination of nonlinear optical chromophore: remarkable optimization in photophysical properties, surface morphology and electro-optic activity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20801g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes how a small molecular structure modification can enhance the microscopic and macroscopic properties of chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyun Wu
- School of Communication and Information Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Shuhui Bo
- Technique Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Communication and Information Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Guowei Deng
- College of Chemistry and Life Science
- Chengdu Normal University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Zhen Zhen
- Technique Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xinhou Liu
- Technique Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- China
| | - Kin-seng Chiang
- School of Communication and Information Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
- Chengdu
- China
- Department of Electronic Engineering
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7
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Jouane Y, Chang YC, Zhang D, Luo J, Jen AKY, Enami Y. Unprecedented highest electro-optic coefficient of 226 pm/V for electro-optic polymer/TiO₂ multilayer slot waveguide modulators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:27725-27732. [PMID: 25401916 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.027725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the electrical properties and optical quality of two layers a titanium dioxide (TiO₂) selective layer and a sol-gel silica cladding layer for use as coating layers for nonlinear optic (NLO) polymers in electro-optic (EO) polymer/TiO₂ multilayer slot waveguide modulators. We used a simple ellipsometric reflective technique developed by Teng and Man to measure the electro-optic (EO) coefficients of poled thin films of an EO polymer in an EO multilayer device. The Pockels coefficient was enhanced up to 226 and 198 pm/V at wavelengths of 1.31 and 1.55 μm, respectively, when optimally poled with TiO₂ and a sol-gel silica cladding.
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8
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Zhang A, Xiao H, Peng C, Bo S, Xu H, Zhang M, Deng G, Zhen Z, Liu X. Microwave-assisted synthesis of novel julolidinyl-based nonlinear optical chromophores with enhanced electro-optic activity. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10078f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Under microwave (MW) irradiation at a proper temperature, three chromophores (A, B and C) with julolidinyl-based donors and TCF or CF3-Ph-TCF acceptors have been synthesized in high overall yields compared with the conventional heating method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technique Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technique Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technique Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shuhui Bo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technique Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing, PR China
| | - Huajun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technique Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Maolin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technique Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Guowei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technique Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhen Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technique Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technique Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing, PR China
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9
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Zhang M, Deng G, Zhang A, Xu H, Huang H, Peng C, Bo S, Liu X, Zhen Z, Qiu L. Synthesis and properties of a new second-order NLO chromophore containing the benzo[b]furan moiety for electro-optical materials. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04466e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized a new chromophore having a 1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidine fused furan ring as the electron donor group to systematically investigate the role of the benzo[b]furan ring in NLO chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Guowei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Airui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Huajun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Heyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Chengcheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shuhui Bo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xinhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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Zhang M, Xu H, Peng C, Huang H, Bo S, Liu J, Liu X, Zhen Z, Qiu L. Novel NLO-phores containing dihexyl amino benzo[b]thiophene exhibiting good transparency and enhanced electro-optical activity. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00883a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new chromophores (A and B) were synthesized, in which a benzo[b]thiophene moiety was first introduced as a donor group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Huajun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Chengcheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Heyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shuhui Bo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jialei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xinhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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11
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Peng C, Wu J, Liu J, Qiu L, Liu X, Bo S, Zhen Z. Synthesis and optical properties of new fluorinated second-order nonlinear optical copolymers: an attempt toward the balance between solubility and long-term alignment stability. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py20935k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Mori Y, Nakaya K, Piao X, Yamamoto K, Otomo A, Yokoyama S. Large electro-optic activity and enhanced temporal stability of methacrylate-based crosslinking hyperbranched nonlinear optical polymer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.25915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Zhou XH, Luo J, Davies JA, Huang S, Jen AKY. Push–pull tetraene chromophores derived from dialkylaminophenyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl and julolidinyl moieties: optimization of second-order optical nonlinearity by fine-tuning the strength of electron-donating groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32848h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Zhang X, Aoki I, Piao X, Inoue S, Tazawa H, Yokoyama S, Otomo A. Effect of modified donor units on molecular hyperpolarizability of thienyl-vinylene nonlinear optical chromophores. Tetrahedron Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Davis MC, Groshens TJ, Parrish DA. Preparation of Cyan Dyes from 6-Diethylaminobenzo[b]furan-2-carboxaldehyde. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903351568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Davis
- a Chemistry and Materials Division, Michelson Laboratory , Naval Air Warfare Center , China Lake, California, USA
| | - Thomas J. Groshens
- a Chemistry and Materials Division, Michelson Laboratory , Naval Air Warfare Center , China Lake, California, USA
| | - Damon A. Parrish
- b Laboratory for the Structure of Matter , Naval Research Laboratory , Washington, DC, USA
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16
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Liu J, Hou W, Feng S, Qiu L, Liu X, Zhen Z. Synthesis and nonlinear optical properties of branched pyrroline chromophores. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Tang ZM, Lei T, Wang JL, Ma Y, Pei J. Star-Shaped Donor-π-Acceptor Conjugated Molecules: Synthesis, Properties, and Modification of Their Absorptions Features. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3644-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100388c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Ming Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratories of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratories of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratories of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuguo Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratories of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, the Key Laboratories of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering and of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Ma X, Ma F, Zhao Z, Song N, Zhang J. Toward highly efficient NLO chromophores: Synthesis and properties of heterocycle-based electronically gradient dipolar NLO chromophores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b923185d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Cui HF, Yang YQ, Chai Z, Li P, Zheng CW, Zhu SZ, Zhao G. Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Fluorinated Cyclohexenones via Robinson Annulation Catalyzed by Primary−Secondary Diamines. J Org Chem 2009; 75:117-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902081w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances and Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying-Quan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances and Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhuo Chai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances and Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances and Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chang-Wu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances and Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi-Zheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances and Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances and Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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Chang PH, Chen JY, Tsai HC, Hsiue GH. Molecular design of nonlinear optical polymer based on DCM to enhance the NLO efficiency and thermal stability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wülbern JH, Petrov A, Eich M. Electro-optical modulator in a polymerinfiltrated silicon slotted photonic crystal waveguide heterostructure resonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:304-313. [PMID: 19129899 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel concept of a compact, ultra fast electro-optic modulator, based on photonic crystal resonator structures that can be realized in two dimensional photonic crystal slabs of silicon as core material employing a nonlinear optical polymer as infiltration and cladding material. The novel concept is to combine a photonic crystal heterostructure cavity with a slotted defect waveguide. The photonic crystal lattice can be used as a distributed electrode for the application of a modulation signal. An electrical contact is hence provided while the optical wave is kept isolated from the lossy metal electrodes. Thereby, well known disadvantages of segmented electrode designs such as excessive scattering are avoided. The optical field enhancement in the slotted region increases the nonlinear interaction with an external electric field resulting in an envisaged switching voltage of approximately 1 V at modulation speeds up to 100 GHz.
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Luo J, Zhou XH, Jen AKY. Rational molecular design and supramolecular assembly of highly efficient organic electro-optic materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b907173c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Alías S, Andreu R, Blesa MJ, Cerdán MA, Franco S, Garín J, López C, Orduna J, Sanz J, Alicante R, Villacampa B, Allain M. Iminium Salts of ω-Dithiafulvenylpolyenals: An Easy Entry to the Corresponding Aldehydes and Doubly Proaromatic Nonlinear Optic-phores. J Org Chem 2008; 73:5890-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800801q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Alías
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Ingénierie Moleculaire et Matériaux d’Angers (UMR CNRS 6200), Université d’Angers, 2, Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045-Angers Cedex, France
| | - Raquel Andreu
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Ingénierie Moleculaire et Matériaux d’Angers (UMR CNRS 6200), Université d’Angers, 2, Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045-Angers Cedex, France
| | - María Jesús Blesa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Ingénierie Moleculaire et Matériaux d’Angers (UMR CNRS 6200), Université d’Angers, 2, Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045-Angers Cedex, France
| | - Miguel Angel Cerdán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Ingénierie Moleculaire et Matériaux d’Angers (UMR CNRS 6200), Université d’Angers, 2, Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045-Angers Cedex, France
| | - Santiago Franco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Ingénierie Moleculaire et Matériaux d’Angers (UMR CNRS 6200), Université d’Angers, 2, Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045-Angers Cedex, France
| | - Javier Garín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Ingénierie Moleculaire et Matériaux d’Angers (UMR CNRS 6200), Université d’Angers, 2, Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045-Angers Cedex, France
| | - Carolina López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Ingénierie Moleculaire et Matériaux d’Angers (UMR CNRS 6200), Université d’Angers, 2, Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045-Angers Cedex, France
| | - Jesús Orduna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Ingénierie Moleculaire et Matériaux d’Angers (UMR CNRS 6200), Université d’Angers, 2, Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045-Angers Cedex, France
| | - Jorge Sanz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Ingénierie Moleculaire et Matériaux d’Angers (UMR CNRS 6200), Université d’Angers, 2, Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045-Angers Cedex, France
| | - Raquel Alicante
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Ingénierie Moleculaire et Matériaux d’Angers (UMR CNRS 6200), Université d’Angers, 2, Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045-Angers Cedex, France
| | - Belén Villacampa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Ingénierie Moleculaire et Matériaux d’Angers (UMR CNRS 6200), Université d’Angers, 2, Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045-Angers Cedex, France
| | - Magali Allain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain, and Laboratoire de Chimie, Ingénierie Moleculaire et Matériaux d’Angers (UMR CNRS 6200), Université d’Angers, 2, Boulevard Lavoisier, 49045-Angers Cedex, France
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Synthesis and nonlinear optical properties of linear and Λ-shaped pyranone-based chromophores. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Luo J, Huang S, Cheng YJ, Kim TD, Shi Z, Zhou XH, Jen AKY. Phenyltetraene-Based Nonlinear Optical Chromophores with Enhanced Chemical Stability and Electrooptic Activity. Org Lett 2007; 9:4471-4. [PMID: 17902681 DOI: 10.1021/ol701814r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
"Push-pull" phenyltetraene-based chromophores are too sensitive to be incorporated into Diels-Alder-type cross-linkable polymers due to the reactivity of its diene segment with maleimides. A facile synthetic route has been explored to incorporate a methoxy group into the R position of such chromophores, which reduces their diene reactivity during the poling and lattice hardening process. The poled polymers with one of such chromophores doped in a cross-linked polymer lattice showed ultrahigh electro-optic activities, up to 306 pm/V at 1310 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdong Luo
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Cui Y, Qian G, Chen L, Wang Z, Wang M. Hybrid Nonlinear Optical Materials Containing Imidazole Chromophore through the Sol-Gel Process. Macromol Rapid Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200700375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Tian Y, Chen CY, Haller MA, Tucker NM, Ka JW, Luo J, Huang S, Jen AKY. Nanostructured Functional Block Copolymers for Electrooptic Devices. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma061294x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Box 352120, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Box 352120, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120
| | - Marnie A. Haller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Box 352120, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120
| | - Neil M. Tucker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Box 352120, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120
| | - Jae-Won Ka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Box 352120, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120
| | - Jingdong Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Box 352120, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120
| | - Su Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Box 352120, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120
| | - Alex K.-Y. Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Box 352120, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120
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Lee SK, Cho MJ, Jin JI, Choi DH. Stability control of the electrooptic effect with new maleimide copolymers containing photoreactive tricyanopyrrolidene-based chromophores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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