1
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Yang H, Yu H, Stolarzewicz IA, Tang W. Enantioselective Transformations in the Synthesis of Therapeutic Agents. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9397-9446. [PMID: 37417731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The proportion of approved chiral drugs and drug candidates under medical studies has surged dramatically over the past two decades. As a consequence, the efficient synthesis of enantiopure pharmaceuticals or their synthetic intermediates poses a profound challenge to medicinal and process chemists. The significant advancement in asymmetric catalysis has provided an effective and reliable solution to this challenge. The successful application of transition metal catalysis, organocatalysis, and biocatalysis to the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries has promoted drug discovery by efficient and precise preparation of enantio-enriched therapeutic agents, and facilitated the industrial production of active pharmaceutical ingredient in an economic and environmentally friendly fashion. The present review summarizes the most recent applications (2008-2022) of asymmetric catalysis in the pharmaceutical industry ranging from process scales to pilot and industrial levels. It also showcases the latest achievements and trends in the asymmetric synthesis of therapeutic agents with state of the art technologies of asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hanxiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Izabela A Stolarzewicz
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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2
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Ruck RT, Strotman NA, Krska SW. The Catalysis Laboratory at Merck: 20 Years of Catalyzing Innovation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca T. Ruck
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey07065, United States
| | - Neil A. Strotman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Clinical Supplies, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey07065, United States
| | - Shane W. Krska
- Chemistry Capabilities Accelerating Therapeutics, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey07033, United States
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3
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Rojo P, Molinari M, Cabré A, García‐Mateos C, Riera A, Verdaguer X. Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 2,3-Diarylallyl Amines with a Threonine-Derived P-Stereogenic Ligand for the Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines and Tetrahydroisoquinolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204300. [PMID: 35543384 PMCID: PMC9400882 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chiral compounds containing nitrogen heteroatoms are fundamental substances for the chemical, pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. However, the preparation of some of these interesting scaffolds is still underdeveloped. Herein we present the synthesis of a family of P-stereogenic phosphinooxazoline iridium catalysts from L-threonine methyl ester and their use in the asymmetric hydrogenation of N-Boc-2,3-diarylallyl amines, achieving very high enantioselectivity. Furthermore, the synthetic utility of the 2,3-diarylpropyl amines obtained is demonstrated by their transformation to 3-aryl-tetrahydroquinolines and 4-benzyl-tetrahydroisoquinolines, which have not yet been obtained in an enantioselective manner by direct reduction of the corresponding aromatic heterocycles. This strategy allows the preparation of these types of alkaloids with the highest enantioselectivity reported up to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pep Rojo
- Institute of Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixach 1008028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Medea Molinari
- Institute of Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixach 1008028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Albert Cabré
- Institute of Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixach 1008028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Clara García‐Mateos
- Institute of Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixach 1008028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Antoni Riera
- Institute of Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixach 1008028BarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció QuímicaOrgànica, Universitat de BarcelonaMartí i Franquès 108028BarcelonaSpain
| | - Xavier Verdaguer
- Institute of Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixach 1008028BarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció QuímicaOrgànica, Universitat de BarcelonaMartí i Franquès 108028BarcelonaSpain
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4
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Rojo P, Molinari M, Cabré A, García‐Mateos C, Riera A, Verdaguer X. Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 2,3‐Diarylallyl Amines with a Threonine‐Derived P‐Stereogenic Ligand for the Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines and Tetrahydroisoquinolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pep Rojo
- Institute of Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri Reixach 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Medea Molinari
- Institute of Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri Reixach 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Albert Cabré
- Institute of Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri Reixach 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Clara García‐Mateos
- Institute of Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri Reixach 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Antoni Riera
- Institute of Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri Reixach 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Verdaguer
- Institute of Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Baldiri Reixach 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona Spain
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5
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Cabré A, Verdaguer X, Riera A. Recent Advances in the Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Amines via Transition Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation. Chem Rev 2022; 122:269-339. [PMID: 34677059 PMCID: PMC9998038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chiral amines are key structural motifs present in a wide variety of natural products, drugs, and other biologically active compounds. During the past decade, significant advances have been made with respect to the enantioselective synthesis of chiral amines, many of them based on catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation (AH). The present review covers the use of AH in the synthesis of chiral amines bearing a stereogenic center either in the α, β, or γ position with respect to the nitrogen atom, reported from 2010 to 2020. Therefore, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the AH of imines, enamides, enamines, allyl amines, and N-heteroaromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Cabré
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.,Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Xavier Verdaguer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.,Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Antoni Riera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.,Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
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6
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Jung WO, Mai BK, Spinello BJ, Dubey ZJ, Kim SW, Stivala CE, Zbieg JR, Liu P, Krische MJ. Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed Allylation of Nitroalkanes: Entry to β-Stereogenic α-Quaternary Primary Amines. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9343-9349. [PMID: 34152145 PMCID: PMC8284932 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first systematic study of simple nitronate nucleophiles in iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation is described. Using a tol-BINAP-modified π-allyliridium C,O-benzoate catalyst, α,α-disubstituted nitronates substitute racemic branched alkyl-substituted allylic acetates, thus providing entry to β-stereogenic α-quaternary primary amines. DFT calculations reveal early transition states that render the reaction less sensitive to steric effects and distinct trans-effects of diastereomeric chiral-at-iridium π-allyl complexes that facilitate formation of congested tertiary-quaternary C-C bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Ok Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Brian J Spinello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zachary J Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Seung Wook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Craig E Stivala
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jason R Zbieg
- Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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7
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Cabré A, Romagnoli E, Martínez-Balart P, Verdaguer X, Riera A. Highly Enantioselective Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of 2-Aryl Allyl Phthalimides. Org Lett 2019; 21:9709-9713. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Cabré
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Elia Romagnoli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Martínez-Balart
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Verdaguer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Antoni Riera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció Orgànica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
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8
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Cabré A, Verdaguer X, Riera A. Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Methyl Amines
via
Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of
N
‐Sulfonyl Allyl Amines. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Cabré
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i OrgànicaSecció Orgànica. Universitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1 Barcelona E-08028 Spain
| | - Xavier Verdaguer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i OrgànicaSecció Orgànica. Universitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1 Barcelona E-08028 Spain
| | - Antoni Riera
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i OrgànicaSecció Orgànica. Universitat de Barcelona Martí i Franquès 1 Barcelona E-08028 Spain
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9
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León F, Francos J, López-Serrano J, García-Garrido SE, Cadierno V, Pizzano A. Double asymmetric hydrogenation of conjugated dienes: a self-breeding chirality route for C2 symmetric 1,4-diols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:786-789. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric hydrogenation of 1 is performed with good enantio- and diastereoselectivity with Rh-Duphos/BPE catalysts providing a self-breeding chirality process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix León
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Javier Francos
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”, Universidad de Oviedo
- 33006 Oviedo
- Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Sergio E. García-Garrido
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”, Universidad de Oviedo
- 33006 Oviedo
- Spain
| | - Victorio Cadierno
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”, Universidad de Oviedo
- 33006 Oviedo
- Spain
| | - Antonio Pizzano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
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10
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Seo CSG, Morris RH. Catalytic Homogeneous Asymmetric Hydrogenation: Successes and Opportunities. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris S. G. Seo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, M5S3H6 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert H. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, M5S3H6 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Zhang J, Liu C, Wang X, Chen J, Zhang Z, Zhang W. Rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of β-branched enamides for the synthesis of β-stereogenic amines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6024-6027. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02798f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
β-Branched simple enamides were hydrogenated to give β-stereogenic amines in quantitative yields and with excellent enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Chong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Xingguang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
| | - Wanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- P. R. China
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12
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Klimczak UK, Zambroń BK. Effective 1,5-stereocontrol in Pd(0)/InI promoted reactions of chiral N-Ts-4-vinylazetidin-2-ones with aldehydes. An efficient entry into nonracemic semi-protected (3Z)-2,6-anti-enediols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6796-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01485a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ε-Amido-allylindiums generated from N-Ts-4-vinylazetidin-2-ones react with aldehydes with effective remote 1,5-stereocontrol to afford (3Z)-2,6-anti-enediols in good yield and with excellent diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bartosz K. Zambroń
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 01-224 Warsaw
- Poland
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13
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Ricci A. Asymmetric organocatalysis at the service of medicinal chemistry. ISRN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014; 2014:531695. [PMID: 24971178 PMCID: PMC4041019 DOI: 10.1155/2014/531695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of the most representative and up-to-date examples of homogeneous asymmetric organocatalysis to the synthesis of molecules of interest in medicinal chemistry is reported. The use of different types of organocatalysts operative via noncovalent and covalent interactions is critically reviewed and the possibility of running some of these reactions on large or industrial scale is described. A comparison between the organo- and metal-catalysed methodologies is offered in several cases, thus highlighting the merits and drawbacks of these two complementary approaches to the obtainment of very popular on market drugs or of related key scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ricci
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, School of Science, University of Bologna, V. Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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14
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Enantiomeric impurities in chiral catalysts, auxiliaries, and synthons used in enantioselective syntheses. Part 4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Bisset AA, Shiibashi A, Desmond JL, Dishington A, Jones T, Clarkson GJ, Ikariya T, Wills M. Synthesis and asymmetric hydrogenation of (3E)-1-benzyl-3-[(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)methylidene]piperidine-2,6-dione. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 48:11978-80. [PMID: 23128555 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36807b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of (3E)-1-benzyl-3-[(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)methylidene]piperidine-2,6-dione 5 from N-benzylglutarimide was achieved in three steps. The asymmetric hydrogenation of 4 gave either the product of partial reduction (10) or full reduction (13), depending on the catalyst which was employed, in high ee in each case. Attempts at asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of resulted in formation of a racemic product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Bisset
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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16
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Ager DJ, de Vries AHM, de Vries JG. Asymmetric homogeneous hydrogenations at scale. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:3340-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15312b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Xu F, Zacuto M, Yoshikawa N, Desmond R, Hoerrner S, Itoh T, Journet M, Humphrey GR, Cowden C, Strotman N, Devine P. Asymmetric synthesis of telcagepant, a CGRP receptor antagonist for the treatment of migraine. J Org Chem 2010; 75:7829-41. [PMID: 20954694 DOI: 10.1021/jo101704b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient, asymmetric synthesis of telcagepant (1), a CGRP receptor antagonist for the treatment of migraine, is described. This synthesis features the first application of iminium organocatalysis on an industrial scale. The key to the success of this organocatalytic transformation was the identification of a dual acid cocatalyst system, which allowed striking a balance of the reaction efficiency and product stability effectively. As such, via an iminium species, the necessnary C-6 stereogenicity was practically established in one operation in >95% ee. Furthermore, we enlisted an unprecedented Doebner-Knoevenagel coupling, which was also via an iminium species, to efficiently construct the C3-C4 bond with desired functionality. In order to prepare telcagepant (1) in high quality, a practical new protocol was discovered to suppress the formation of desfluoro impurities formed under hydrogenation conditions to <0.2%. An efficient lactamization facilitated by t-BuCOCl followed by a dynamic epimerization-crystallization resulted in the isolation of caprolactam acetamide with the desired C3 (R) and C6 (S) configuration cleanly. Isolating only three intermediates, the overall yield of this cost-effective synthesis was up to 27%. This environmentally responsible synthesis contains all of the elements required for a manufacturing process and prepares telcagepant (1) with the high quality required for pharmaceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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