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Linne Y, Birkner M, Flormann J, Lücke D, Becker JA, Kalesse M. Sparteine-Free, Highly Stereoselective Construction of Complex Allylic Alcohols Using 1,2-Metallate Rearrangements. JACS AU 2023; 3:1695-1710. [PMID: 37388702 PMCID: PMC10301690 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Stereotriads bearing allylic alcohols are privileged structures in natural products, and new methods accessing these in a stereoselective fashion are highly sought after. Toward this goal, we found that the use of chiral polyketide fragments allows for performing the Hoppe-Matteson-Aggarwal rearrangement in the absence of sparteine with high yields and diastereoselectivities, rendering this protocol a highly valuable alternative to the Nozaki-Hiyama-Takai-Kishi reaction. The switch of directing groups in most cases resulted in the reversed stereochemical outcome, which could be explained by conformational analysis on density functional theory level and a Felkin-like model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Linne
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm
Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maike Birkner
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm
Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Flormann
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Lücke
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm
Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jörg August Becker
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Kalesse
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Gottfried Wilhelm
Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Centre
of Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Gottfried
Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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2
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Kaiser D, Klose I, Oost R, Neuhaus J, Maulide N. Bond-Forming and -Breaking Reactions at Sulfur(IV): Sulfoxides, Sulfonium Salts, Sulfur Ylides, and Sulfinate Salts. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8701-8780. [PMID: 31243998 PMCID: PMC6661881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organosulfur compounds have long played a vital role in organic chemistry and in the development of novel chemical structures and architectures. Prominent among these organosulfur compounds are those involving a sulfur(IV) center, which have been the subject of countless investigations over more than a hundred years. In addition to a long list of textbook sulfur-based reactions, there has been a sustained interest in the chemistry of organosulfur(IV) compounds in recent years. Of particular interest within organosulfur chemistry is the ease with which the synthetic chemist can effect a wide range of transformations through either bond formation or bond cleavage at sulfur. This review aims to cover the developments of the past decade in the chemistry of organic sulfur(IV) molecules and provide insight into both the wide range of reactions which critically rely on this versatile element and the diverse scaffolds that can thereby be synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kaiser
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Immo Klose
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rik Oost
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - James Neuhaus
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Harned AM. From determination of enantiopurity to the construction of complex molecules: The Horeau principle and its application in synthesis. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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4
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Blakemore PR, Hoffmann RW. Formation of Olefins by Eliminative Dimerization and Eliminative Cross-Coupling of Carbenoids: A Stereochemical Exercise. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:390-407. [PMID: 28834041 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two carbenoids combine to generate an olefin by a mechanism involving formation of an ate complex, 1,2-metalate rearrangement, and β-elimination. As each stage of this eliminative coupling is stereospecific, the overall stereochemical outcome can be understood and, in principle fully controlled, providing that the absolute stereochemical configurations of the reacting carbenoid species are defined. In contrast to traditional alkene syntheses, the eliminative cross-coupling of carbenoids offers a connective approach to olefins capable of precisely targeting a given isomer regardless of the nature of the features distinguishing the isomers. The formation of olefins by the eliminative dimerization and eliminative cross-coupling of carbenoids is reviewed with a range of illustrative examples, including the reactions of α-lithiated haloalkanes, epoxides, and carbamates. An emphasis is placed on stereochemical analysis and methods to generate sp3 -hybridized carbenoids in stereodefined form are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Reinhard W Hoffmann
- Fachbereich Chemie der Philipps Universität Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
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5
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Blakemore PR, Hoffmann RW. Olefin‐Bildung durch eliminierende Dimerisierung und eliminierende Kreuzkupplung von Carbenoiden: eine stereochemische Herausforderung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97330 USA
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6
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Casoni G, Kucukdisli M, Fordham JM, Burns M, Myers EL, Aggarwal VK. α-Sulfinyl Benzoates as Precursors to Li and Mg Carbenoids for the Stereoselective Iterative Homologation of Boronic Esters. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11877-11886. [PMID: 28812893 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective reagent-controlled homologation of boronic esters is one of a small number of iteratable synthetic transformations that if automated could form the basis of a veritable molecule-making machine. Recently, α-stannyl triisopropylbenzoates and α-sulfinyl chlorides have emerged as useful building blocks for the iterative homologation of boronic esters. However, α-stannyl benzoates need to be prepared using stoichiometric amounts of the (+)- or (-)-enantiomer of the scarcely available and expensive diamine sparteine; also, these building blocks, together with the byproducts that are generated during homologation, are perceived as being toxic. On the other hand, α-sulfinyl chlorides are difficult to prepare with high levels of enantiopurity and are prone to undergo deleterious acid-base side-reactions under the reaction conditions for homologation, leading to low stereospecificity. Here, we show that the use of a hybrid of these two building blocks, namely, α-sulfinyl triisopropylbenzoates, largely overcomes the above drawbacks. Through either the sulfinylation of α-magnesiated benzoates with either enantiomer of Andersen's readily available menthol-derived sulfinate or the α-alkylation of enantiopure S-chiral α-sulfinyl benzoates, we have prepared a range of highly enantiopure mono- and disubstituted α-sulfinyl benzoates, some bearing sensitive functional groups. Barbier-type reaction conditions have been developed that allow these building blocks to be converted into lithium (t-BuLi) and magnesium (i-PrMgCl·LiCl) carbenoids in the presence of boronic esters, thus allowing efficient and highly stereospecific homologation. The use of magnesium carbenoids allows carbon chains to be grown with the incorporation of sensitive functional groups, such as alkyl/aryl halides, azides, and esters. The use of lithium carbenoids, which are less sensitive to steric hindrance, allows sterically encumbered carbon-carbon bonds to be forged. We have also shown that these building blocks can be used consecutively in three- and four-step iterative homologation processes, without intervening column chromatography, to give contiguously substituted carbon chains with very high levels of enantio- and diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Casoni
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Murat Kucukdisli
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - James M Fordham
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Burns
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Eddie L Myers
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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7
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Sandford C, Aggarwal VK. Stereospecific functionalizations and transformations of secondary and tertiary boronic esters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:5481-5494. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01254c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This feature article discusses the range of stereospecific transformations available to enantioenriched boronic esters, and their applications in synthesis.
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8
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Saleh BA, Smith K, Elliott MC, Jones DH, Kariuki BM, El Hiti GA. Reactions of organoboranes with carbanions bearing three potential leaving groups: unusual processes, products and mechanisms. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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On the nature of the chain-extending species in organolithium initiated stereospecific reagent-controlled homologation reactions using α-chloroalkyl aryl sulfoxides. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.08.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Alwedi E, Zakharov LN, Blakemore PR. Chain Extension of Boronic Esters with Lithiooxiranes Generated by Sulfoxide-Metal Exchange - Stereocontrolled Access to 2°/2°, 2°/3°, and 3°/3° Vicinal Diols and Related Compounds. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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O'Mahony GE, Eccles KS, Morrison RE, Ford A, Lawrence SE, Maguire AR. Investigation of steric and electronic effects in the copper-catalysed asymmetric oxidation of sulfides. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Emerson CR, Zakharov LN, Blakemore PR. Investigation of functionalized α-chloroalkyllithiums for a stereospecific reagent-controlled homologation approach to the analgesic alkaloid (-)-epibatidine. Chemistry 2013; 19:16342-56. [PMID: 24127119 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201302511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Four putative functionalized α-chloroakyllithiums RCH2CHLiCl, where R=CHCH2(18 a), CCH (18 b), CH2OBn (18 c), and CH[O(CH2)2O] (18 d), were generated in situ by sulfoxide-lithium exchange from α-chlorosulfoxides, and investigated for the stereospecific reagent-controlled homologation (StReCH) of phenethyl and 2-chloropyrid-5-yl (17) pinacol boronic esters. Deuterium labeling experiments revealed that α-chloroalkyllithiums are quenched by proton transfer from their α-chlorosulfoxide precursors and it was established that this effect compromises the yield of StReCH reactions. Use of α-deuterated α-chlorosulfoxides was discovered to ameliorate the problem by retarding the rate of acid-base chemistry between the carbenoid and its precursor. Carbenoids 18 a and 18 b showed poor StReCH efficacy, particularly the propargyl group bearing carbenoid 18 b, the instability of which was attributed to a facile 1,2-hydride shift. By contrast, 18 d, a carbenoid that benefits from a stabilizing interaction between O and Li atoms gave good StReCH yields. Boronate 17 was chain extended by carbenoids 18 a, 18 b, and 18 d in 16, 0, and 68% yield, respectively; α-deuterated isotopomers D-18 a and D-18 d gave yields of 33 and 79% for the same reaction. Double StReCH of 17 was pursued to target contiguous stereodiads appropriate for the total synthesis of (-)-epibatidine (15). One-pot double StReCH of boronate 17 by two exposures to (S)-D-18 a (≤66 % ee), followed by work-up with KOOH, gave the expected stereodiad product in 16% yield (d.r.~67:33). The comparable reaction using two exposures to (S)-D-18 d (≤90% ee) delivered the expected bisacetal containing stereodiad (R,R)-DD-48 in 40% yield (≥98% ee, d.r.=85:15). Double StReCH of 17 using (S)-D-18 d (≤90% ee) followed by (R)-D-18 d (≤90% ee) likewise gave (R,S)-DD-48 in 49% yield (≥97% ee, d.r.=79:21). (R,S)-DD-48 was converted to a dideuterated isotopomer of a synthetic intermediate in Corey's synthesis of 15.
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13
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Elliott MC, Smith K. Migratory Aptitudes of Alkyl Groups on Boron: A Computational Study of Halomethyllithium-Induced Migration Reactions. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4006164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Elliott
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building,
Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Keith Smith
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building,
Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, U.K
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14
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Sun X, Blakemore PR. Programmed synthesis of a contiguous stereotriad motif by triple stereospecific reagent-controlled homologation. Org Lett 2013; 15:4500-3. [PMID: 23947788 DOI: 10.1021/ol402049y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
All distinct diastereoisomers of a contiguous stereotriad motif were separately targeted by a triple chain extension of B-phenethyl boronic esters using four unique presentation sequences of enantiomorphs of 1-[(2)H]-1-chloro-2-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)ethyllithium. The (R)- or (S)-configured chloroalkyllithium reagents were generated by sulfoxide-lithium exchange from the appropriate scalemic p-tolyl chloroalkyl sulfoxides using phenyllithium (THF, -78 °C). Stereotriad synthesis was accomplished in a single reaction vessel [7-19% yield, typical dr ≥ 74 (target):26 (∑ all other isomers)] and implemented by a simple algorithm consisting of reagent charging and temperature cycling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, USA
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15
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Hughes M, Boultwood T, Zeppetelli G, Bull JA. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of aziridinylmetal species, generated by sulfinyl-magnesium exchange, with aryl bromides: reaction optimization, scope, and kinetic investigations. J Org Chem 2013; 78:844-54. [PMID: 23311879 DOI: 10.1021/jo3027824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel, highly substituted N-PMP aziridines have been accessed in high yields by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of intact aziridines. The cross-coupling employed aryl bromides and tertiary organometallic aziridines, generated from sulfinylaziridines by sulfinyl-magnesium exchange and transmetalation to the aziridinylzinc with zinc chloride. A wide range of electron-rich and electron-poor aryl bromides were utilized to afford the functionalized aziridine products as single diastereoisomers with retention of configuration at the reacting center. Assessment of the reaction kinetics showed zero-order in both the aziridine species and the aryl bromide. This indicated that the rate-determining step was reductive elimination from the palladium(II) species bearing both the aziridine and aryl groups to form the hindered C-C bond. The intermediate aziridinylzinc species underwent a progressive, background degradation that led to a plateau in yield and afforded reduced yields in substrates with ortho-substituted aryl groups, which are less reactive due to the additional steric demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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16
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Kim BJ, Zhang J, Tan S, Matteson DS, Prusoff WH, Cheng YC. Synthesis and properties of 1-(3'-dihydroxyboryl-2',3'-dideoxyribosyl)pyrimidines. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:9349-58. [PMID: 23108312 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26756j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogues having a boronic acid in place of the 3-hydroxyl group of deoxyribose have been synthesized. The synthesis of 3'-dihydroxyboryl-2',3'-dideoxyribose was based on asymmetric homologation of boronic esters with (dihalomethyl)lithium, beginning from a (silyloxymethyl)boronic ester. A change of chiral director is required before introduction of the second stereocenter, and the direct displacement of (S,S)-1,2-dicyclohexyl-1,2-ethanediol by (1S,2S,3R,5S)-pinanediol was used for this purpose. Coupling of the pinanediol ester of the 1-acetoxy-3-dioxyboryl-5-tert-butylsilyloxy deoxyribose analogue with silylated pyrimidine bases was accomplished with trimethylsilyl bromide. The boronic acid nucleoside analogues were not cytotoxic toward Hep G2 (human hepatocarcinoma) cells. Decomposition occurred over a period of several hours at 37 °C, pH 7.4, with liberation of free pyrimidine base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Ju Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 644630, Pullman, WA 99164-4630, USA
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17
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Barsamian AL, Blakemore PR. Stereocontrolled Generation of α-Metalated S,O-Acetals by Sulfoxide-Ligand Exchange from Cyclic Dithioorthoformate Monooxides. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200858v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam L. Barsamian
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003,
United States
| | - Paul R. Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003,
United States
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18
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Larouche-Gauthier R, Fletcher CJ, Couto I, Aggarwal VK. Use of alkyl 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoates in the asymmetric homologation of challenging boronic esters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:12592-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc14469c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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