1
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Liu Y, Luo P, Fu Y, Hao T, Liu X, Ding Q, Peng Y. Recent advances in the tandem annulation of 1,3-enynes to functionalized pyridine and pyrrole derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2462-2476. [PMID: 34630726 PMCID: PMC8474070 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made in the tandem annulation of enynes in the past few years. This review only presents the corresponding reactions of 1,3-enyne structural motifs to provide the functionalized pyridine and pyrrole derivatives. The functionalization reactions cover iodination, bromination, trifluoromethylation, azidation, carbonylation, arylation, alkylation, selenylation, sulfenylation, amidation, esterification, and hydroxylation. We also briefly introduce the applications of the products and the reaction mechanisms for the synthesis of corresponding N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Puying Luo
- Department of Gynaecology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, 92 Aiguo Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Tianxin Hao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Qiuping Ding
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang 330022, China
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2
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Galenko EE, Kryukova MA, Novikov MS, Khlebnikov AF. An Isoxazole Strategy for the Synthesis of Fully Substituted Nicotinates. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6888-6896. [PMID: 33847124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A four-step quasi one-pot procedure for the preparation of fully substituted nicotinates from ketone enamines and 4-methylideneisoxazol-5-ones has been developed. The reaction sequence involves (1) reaction of 4-methylideneisoxazol-5-ones with ketone enamines with the formation of isoxazole-5-ols, (2) their O-methylation with diazomethane, (3) hydrogenative cleavage of the O-N bond in 5-methoxyisoxazoles under action of Mo(CO)6/H2O and simultaneous isomerization and condensation of the formed enamines, with the formation of dihydropyridines, and (4) aromatization of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina E Galenko
- Saint Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Mariya A Kryukova
- Saint Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Novikov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexander F Khlebnikov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya Naberezhnaya, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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3
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He Y, Yan Y, Ren Z, Wang Y, Yu Q, Xiong J, Wang M. Regioselective Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydrobenzo[
f
]isoindolones via Ag‐Catalyzed Sequential Ugi 4CR/Cascade Radical Cyclization Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Chun He
- Institute of Applied Chemistry Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan‐Mei Yan
- Department of Chemistry Taiyuan Normal University Jinzhong 030619 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen‐Xing Ren
- Institute of Applied Chemistry Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong‐Zhao Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Fine Chemicals Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Department of medical imaging Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030006 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xiong
- School of Pharmacy Hubei University of Science and Technology Xianning 437100 People's Republic of China
| | - Meng‐Liang Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 People's Republic of China
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4
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Gao Y, Zhang M, Wang C, Yang Z, Huang X, Feng R, Qi C. Cobalt(ii)-catalyzed hydroarylation of 1,3-diynes and internal alkynes with picolinamides promoted by alcohol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14231-14234. [PMID: 33118558 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05616b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Co(ii)-catalyzed selective C-H alkenylation of picolinamides with 1,3-diynes has been developed. This protocol can be applied to a variety of 1,3-diynes. In addition, both symmetrical and unsymmetrical internal alkynes were well tolerated, affording the corresponding alkenyl arenes. Moreover, control experiments indicated that C-H bond cleavage may be involved in the rate-determining step. Furthermore, a deuterium incorporation product was achieved when deuterated alcohol was employed as the solvent, which suggested that alcohol was essential for the final protonolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China.
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5
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Gomes CRB, de Souza MVN, Facchinetti V. A Review on Onychine and its Analogs: Synthesis and Biological Activity. Curr Org Synth 2020; 17:3-22. [PMID: 32103713 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666191218112842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Onychine is a 4-azafluorenone alkaloid isolated from the Annonaceae family, in low concentrations. Onychine and its analogs exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer, and antimalarial. Because of the high bioactivity of some 4-azafluorenone derivatives, several synthetic methods have been developed for their procurement. OBJECTIVE Considering the importance of these alkaloids, we aim to present the main synthetic approaches to onychines and its derivatives and the biological activity of some 4-azafluorenones. METHODS The most prominent methodologies for the synthesis of onychines were reviewed. RESULTS In this work, we cover many synthetic approaches for the synthesis of onychine and 4-azafluorenone derivatives including intramolecular cyclizations, multicomponent reactions, microwave-assisted multicomponent reactions, Diels-alder reactions, among others. Moreover, we also review the biological activity of 4-azafluorenones. CONCLUSION 4-azafluorenones have risen as prominent structures in medicinal chemistry; however, most of the time, access to new derivatives involves toxic catalysts, harsh reaction conditions, and long-step procedures. Therefore, the development of new synthetic routes with more operational simplicity, simple purification procedure, good yields, and low environmental impact, is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia R B Gomes
- Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos - Farmanguinhos. Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, 21041- 250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcus V N de Souza
- Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos - Farmanguinhos. Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, 21041- 250, RJ, Brazil
| | - Victor Facchinetti
- Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Farmacos - Farmanguinhos. Rua Sizenando Nabuco 100, Manguinhos, 21041- 250, RJ, Brazil
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6
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Żak P, Bołt M, Dudziec B, Kubicki M. Synthesis of (E)-1,4-disilsesquioxylsubstituted but-1-en-3-ynes via platinum-catalyzed dimerization of ethynylsiloxysilsesquioxanes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:2657-2663. [PMID: 30702739 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt05142a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A new platinum complex bearing bulky N-heterocyclic carbene ligand of the general formula [Pt(IPr*Ph)(dvtms)] (where IPr*Ph = 1,3-bis{2,4,6-tris(diphenylmethyl)phenyl}imidazol-2-ylidene, dvtms = divinyltetramethyldisiloxane) exhibits a high catalytic activity towards E-selective dimerization of ethynyl substituted siloxysilsesquioxanes. This process leads to a novel class of functionalized silsesquioxane derivatives, resembling their dumbbell-shaped silsesquioxane analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Żak
- Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska 89B, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
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7
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Kelgokmen Y, Zora M. A new strategy for the synthesis of pyridines from N-propargylic β-enaminothiones. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2529-2541. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03180k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new robust method for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted pyridines with high efficiency and broad functional group tolerance is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilmaz Kelgokmen
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Metin Zora
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
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8
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Yao B, Miao T, Li P, Wang L. Direct Synthesis of Benzo[f]indazoles from Sulfonyl Hydrazines and 1,3-Enynes by Copper-Catalyzed Annulation. Org Lett 2018; 21:124-128. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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9
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Rogalski S, Kubicki M, Pietraszuk C. Palladium catalysed regio- and stereoselective synthesis of (E)-4-aryl-1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)but-3-en-1-ynes. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Kasaboina S, Bollu R, Gomedhika PM, Ramineni V, Nagarapu L, Dumala N, Grover P, Nanubolu JB. A green protocol for one pot synthesis of benzosuberone tethered thiadiazolopyrimidine-6-carboxylates using PEG-400 as potent anti-proliferative agents. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Li L, Babaoglu E, Harms K, Hilt G. Expanding Blaise-Type Reactions towards Indium-Mediated Transformations of α-Bromo-β-keto Esters with Nitriles. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luomo Li
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Emre Babaoglu
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35043 Marburg Germany
| | - Gerhard Hilt
- Fachbereich Chemie; Philipps-Universität Marburg; Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35043 Marburg Germany
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Oldenburg; Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11 26111 Oldenburg Germany
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12
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Chen Z, Dai Z, Zhu Z, Yang X. One-pot facile synthesis of polysubstituted pyridines via tandem reaction of the Blaise reaction intermediates and 3-formylchromones. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Asai S, Kato M, Monguchi Y, Sajiki H, Sawama Y. Phosphate-Mediated Enyne Synthesis from Allenols. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Asai
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Maho Kato
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Yasunari Monguchi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Hironao Sajiki
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
| | - Yoshinari Sawama
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Gifu Pharmaceutical University; 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu 501-1196 Japan
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14
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Hirai S, Horikawa Y, Asahara H, Nishiwaki N. Tailor-made synthesis of fully alkylated/arylated nicotinates by FeCl3-mediated condensation of enamino esters with enones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:2390-2393. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00051k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic method for fully alkylated/arylated nicotinates was achieved by FeCl3-mediated condensation of enamino esters and enones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Hirai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kochi University of Technology
- Kami
- Japan
| | - Yurie Horikawa
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kochi University of Technology
- Kami
- Japan
| | - Haruyasu Asahara
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kochi University of Technology
- Kami
- Japan
- Research Center for Material Science and Engineering
| | - Nagatoshi Nishiwaki
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Kochi University of Technology
- Kami
- Japan
- Research Center for Material Science and Engineering
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15
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Kelgokmen Y, Zora M. Facile synthesis of heavily-substituted alkynylpyridines via a Sonogashira approach. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21701f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A robust synthesis of highly-substituted alkynylpyridines via a Sonogashira approach is described, providing a library of functionalized pyridines for biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilmaz Kelgokmen
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Metin Zora
- Department of Chemistry
- Middle East Technical University
- 06800 Ankara
- Turkey
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16
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Wang J. Recent advances in transition-metal-catalyzed synthesis of conjugated enynes. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6638-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00944a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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17
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Sajja Y, Vulupala HR, Bantu R, Nagarapu L, Vasamsetti SB, Kotamraju S, Nanubolu JB. Three-component, one-pot synthesis of benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine derivatives under catalyst free conditions and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 26:858-863. [PMID: 26748696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
An efficient three-component protocol is described for the synthesis of benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyridine derivatives using β-chloroacroleins, 1,3-dicarbonyls and ammonium acetate under catalyst free conditions by using ethanol as reaction media. The mild reaction conditions, operational simplicity and high yields are the advantages of this protocol and the broad scope of this one-pot reaction makes this procedure promising for practical usages. All the final compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory activity. Among the compounds tested, the compounds 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5f, and 5k exhibited significant inhibition of IL-1β and MCP-1 secretion as a measure of anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasodakrishna Sajja
- Organic Chemistry Division-II (CPC), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Hanmanth Reddy Vulupala
- Organic Chemistry Division-II (CPC), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Rajashaker Bantu
- Organic Chemistry Division-II (CPC), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Lingaiah Nagarapu
- Organic Chemistry Division-II (CPC), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | - Sathish Babu Vasamsetti
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Srigiridhar Kotamraju
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu
- Centre for X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
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18
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Abdelhamid IA, Darweesh AF, Elwahy AH. Synthesis and characterization of poly(2,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridinyl)arenes as novel multi-armed molecules. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Jiao JY, Zhang XG, Zhang XH. Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling of arylalkynyl carboxylic acids with allyl ethers: regioselective synthesis of branched 1,3-enynes. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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20
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Meng T, Liu L, Jia H, Ren L, Feng C, Wang X, Zhao W. One-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyridin-2-ones via tandem reaction of Blaise reactionintermediate and acrylic ester. Appl Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuanjie Meng
- Key Laboratory of New Organic Materials Synthesis; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University; Shangqiu 476000 PR China
| | - Lantao Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Organic Materials Synthesis; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University; Shangqiu 476000 PR China
| | - Huiyi Jia
- Key Laboratory of New Organic Materials Synthesis; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University; Shangqiu 476000 PR China
| | - Lifeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of New Organic Materials Synthesis; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University; Shangqiu 476000 PR China
| | - Cuilan Feng
- Key Laboratory of New Organic Materials Synthesis; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University; Shangqiu 476000 PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Organic Materials Synthesis; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University; Shangqiu 476000 PR China
| | - Wenxian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of New Organic Materials Synthesis; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University; Shangqiu 476000 PR China
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21
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Karadeniz E, Zora M, Kılıçaslan NZ. Facile synthesis of aryl-substituted pyridines via Suzuki–Miyaura approach. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Shin US, Joo SR, Kim SH. Coupling Reactions of Zinc Amide Enolates with Nitriles: Preparation of β-Keto and β-Amino Amides. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ueon Sang Shin
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Korea
| | - Seong-Ryu Joo
- Department of Chemistry; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Korea
| | - Seung-Hoi Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Dankook University; Cheonan 330-714 Korea
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23
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Xuan Z, Kim JH, Lee SG. Tandem Blaise/Palladium-Catalyzed Ullmann Coupling for the One-Pot Synthesis of Enamino Ester-Functionalized Biaryls from Nitriles. J Org Chem 2015; 80:7824-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Xuan
- Department of Chemistry and
Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, 120-750 Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and
Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, 120-750 Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-gi Lee
- Department of Chemistry and
Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, 120-750 Seoul, Korea
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24
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Facile synthesis of iodopyridines from N-propargylic β-enaminones via iodine-mediated electrophilic cyclization. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Kim JH, Ko YO, Bouffard J, Lee SG. Advances in tandem reactions with organozinc reagents. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:2489-507. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00430b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A review of recent advances in tandem reactions with organozinc reagents that highlight their utility in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science (BK 21 Plus)
- Ewha Womans University
- 120-750 Seoul
- Korea
| | - Young Ok Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science (BK 21 Plus)
- Ewha Womans University
- 120-750 Seoul
- Korea
| | - Jean Bouffard
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science (BK 21 Plus)
- Ewha Womans University
- 120-750 Seoul
- Korea
| | - Sang-gi Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science (BK 21 Plus)
- Ewha Womans University
- 120-750 Seoul
- Korea
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26
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Sengoku T, Murata Y, Suzuki C, Takahashi M, Yoda H. Synthesis of new chiral lactam-fused pyridine derivatives. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16896a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An acid promoted cyclisation of benzylidene-modified tetramic acid and various enamines followed by MnO2 oxidation afforded the corresponding C2-symmetric and unsymmetric lactam-fused pyridines in enantiomerically pure forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Sengoku
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Shizuoka University
- Hamamatsu 432-8561
- Japan
| | - Yusuke Murata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology
- Shizuoka University
- Hamamatsu 432-8561
- Japan
| | - Chihiro Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Shizuoka University
- Hamamatsu 432-8561
- Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Shizuoka University
- Hamamatsu 432-8561
- Japan
| | - Hidemi Yoda
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Shizuoka University
- Hamamatsu 432-8561
- Japan
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27
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Allais C, Grassot JM, Rodriguez J, Constantieux T. Metal-Free Multicomponent Syntheses of Pyridines. Chem Rev 2014; 114:10829-68. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500099b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Allais
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 MARSEILLE, France
| | - Jean-Marie Grassot
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 MARSEILLE, France
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 MARSEILLE, France
| | - Thierry Constantieux
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, 13397 MARSEILLE, France
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28
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He Y, Guo S, Zhang X, Fan X. Zinc-Mediated One-Pot Tandem Reaction of Nitriles with Propargyl Bromides: An Access to 3-Alkynylpyridines. J Org Chem 2014; 79:10611-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501869d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- School of Environment, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan
Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Shenghai Guo
- School of Environment, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan
Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- School of Environment, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan
Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Xuesen Fan
- School of Environment, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center
of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Henan
Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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29
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He Y, Zhang X, Fan X. Synthesis of Aminonaphthopyranones and Aminonaphthochromenones by Blaise-Reaction-Initiated Cascade Procedures. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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30
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Kim JH, Choi SY, Bouffard J, Lee SG. Tandem One-Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted NH-Pyrroles Involving the Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Oxidative Amination of the Zinc Bromide Complex of β-Enamino Esters. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9253-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501672c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and
Nano Science (BK 21 Plus), Ewha Womans University, 120-750 Seoul, Korea
| | - Suh Young Choi
- Department of Chemistry and
Nano Science (BK 21 Plus), Ewha Womans University, 120-750 Seoul, Korea
| | - Jean Bouffard
- Department of Chemistry and
Nano Science (BK 21 Plus), Ewha Womans University, 120-750 Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-gi Lee
- Department of Chemistry and
Nano Science (BK 21 Plus), Ewha Womans University, 120-750 Seoul, Korea
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31
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Xuan Z, Rathwell K, Lee SG. Tandem Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridines via the Indium(III)-Triflate-Catalyzed Cycloaddition/Oxidative Aromatization of Blaise Reaction Intermediates with α,β-Unsaturated Ketones. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201402122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Jung DJ, Jeon HJ, Kim JH, Kim Y, Lee SG. DMF as a Source of Oxygen and Aminomethine: Stereoselective 1,2-Insertion of Rhodium(II) Azavinyl Carbenes into the C═O Bond of Formamides for the Synthesis of cis-Diamino Enones. Org Lett 2014; 16:2208-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ol500723s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Da Jung Jung
- Department of Chemistry and
Nano Science (BK Plus), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and
Nano Science (BK Plus), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and
Nano Science (BK Plus), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Youngmee Kim
- Department of Chemistry and
Nano Science (BK Plus), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Sang-gi Lee
- Department of Chemistry and
Nano Science (BK Plus), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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33
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Sakthivel K, Srinivasan K. Synthesis of Naphthalene Amino Esters by the Blaise Reaction of o-Alkynylarenenitriles. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3244-8. [PMID: 24605780 DOI: 10.1021/jo500137m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karuppusamy Sakthivel
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kannupal Srinivasan
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli 620 024, Tamil Nadu, India
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34
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Hu J, Deng Z, Zhang X, Zhang F, Zheng H. Synthesis of benzofuro[2,3-c]pyridines via a one-pot three-component reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:4885-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00670d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A convenient one-pot synthesis of polysubstituted benzofuro[2,3-c]pyridines by three-component is developed. It provides a flexible and rapid synthetic route for the construction of benzofuro[2,3-c]pyridines under mild and metal-free reaction conditions in moderate to good yields (up to 83%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small organic molecule
- Ministry of Education
- Jiangxi Normal University
- Nanchang, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan, China
| | - Fanglin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small organic molecule
| | - Hua Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan, China
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35
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Sarkar S, Das DK, Khan AT. Synthesis of fully-substituted pyridines and dihydropyridines in a highly chemoselective manner utilizing a multicomponent reaction (MCR) strategy. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08237k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of pyridines and 1,4-dihydropyridines based on chemoselective multicomponent reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satavisha Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Deb K. Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Abu T. Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
- Guwahati 781 039, India
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36
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He Y, Zhang X, Fan X. Synthesis of naphthalene amino esters and arylnaphthalene lactone lignans through tandem reactions of 2-alkynylbenzonitriles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:5641-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc01738b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel and efficient synthesis of naphthalene amino esters and arylnaphthalene lactone lignans via the tandem reaction of 2-alkynylbenzonitriles is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Environment
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control
- Henan Normal University
| | - Xinying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Environment
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control
- Henan Normal University
| | - Xuesen Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- School of Environment
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control
- Henan Normal University
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37
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Kim JH, Chun YS, Lee SG. Tandem Blaise/retro-Blaise Reaction for the Nitrile-Mediated Regioselective Intermolecular Addition of Unstabilized Zinc Ester Enolates (Reformatsky Reagents) to 1-Alkynes and 1,3-Enynes. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11483-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402015n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University , 120-750 Seoul, Korea
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38
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Bahrami K, Khodaei MM, Naali F, Yousefi BH. Synthesis of polysubstituted pyridines via reactions of chalcones and malononitrile in alcohols using Amberlite IRA-400 (OH−). Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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39
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Chun YS, Xuan Z, Kim JH, Lee SG. An Expedient and Divergent Tandem One-Pot Synthesis of Pyrimidin-2,4-diones Using the Blaise Reaction Intermediate. Org Lett 2013; 15:3162-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ol401389j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sung Chun
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Zi Xuan
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Sang-gi Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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40
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Kim DS, Park JW, Jun CH. Pyridine synthesis by reactions of allyl amines and alkynes proceeding through a Cu(OAc)2 oxidation and Rh(III)-catalyzed N-annulation sequence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 48:11334-6. [PMID: 23069867 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36699a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A new methodology has been developed for the synthesis of pyridines from allyl amines and alkynes, which involves sequential Cu(II)-promoted dehydrogenation of the allylamine and Rh(III)-catalyzed N-annulation of the resulting α,β-unsaturated imine and alkyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Su Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonseiro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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41
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Sha F, Shen H, Wu XY. Highly Regioselective Assembly of Di- or Trisubstituted Pyridines from Arynes, Isocyanides, and 3-Bromo- or 3-Acetoxypropynes. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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42
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Chun YS, Kim JH, Choi SY, Ko YO, Lee SG. Cu(OAc)2-Catalyzed Tandem Blaise/Pinner-Type Reaction for One-Pot Synthesis of Pyrimidin-4-ones. Org Lett 2012; 14:6358-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ol303153g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sung Chun
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science (BK21), Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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43
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Zhao MN, Liang H, Ren ZH, Guan ZH. Iron-Catalyzed Tandem One-Pot Addition and Cyclization of the Blaise Reaction Intermediate and Nitroolefins: Synthesis of Substituted NH-Pyrroles from Nitriles. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Yamamoto SI, Okamoto K, Murakoso M, Kuninobu Y, Takai K. Rhenium-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of multisubstituted pyridines from β-enamino ketones and alkynes via C-C bond cleavage. Org Lett 2012; 14:3182-5. [PMID: 22651545 DOI: 10.1021/ol301273j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A new method is described for the regioselective synthesis of multisubstituted pyridine derivatives. Treatment of N-acetyl β-enamino ketones with alkynes in the presence of the rhenium catalyst, Re(2)(CO)(10), gives multisubstituted pyridines regioselectively. In this reaction, the N-acetyl moieties are important for the selective formation of the multisubstituted pyridines. This reaction proceeds via insertion of alkynes into a carbon-carbon single bond of β-enamino ketones, intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization, and elimination of acetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-ichi Yamamoto
- Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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45
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Chen YN, Zhao XD, Deng J, Li QG. tert-Butyl 6-amino-5-cyano-2-(2-methoxyethyl)nicotinate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2012; 68:o1375. [PMID: 22737103 PMCID: PMC3381644 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536812014328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, C14H19N3O3, was synthesized by the reaction of 3-methoxypropionitrile, tert-butyl bromoacetate and ethoxymethylenemalononitrile. In the crystal, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains propagating along the b axis.
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46
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47
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48
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Alcaide B, Almendros P, Martínez del Campo T. Direct allenol-based stereocontrolled access to substituted (E)-1,3-enynes. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:7603-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26085a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Khan MN, Pal S, Parvin T, Choudhury LH. A simple and efficient method for the facile access of highly functionalized pyridines and their fluorescence property studies. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21385k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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