1
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Photocatalyzed Oxidative Decarboxylation Forming Aminovinylcysteine Containing Peptides. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of (2S,3S)-S-[(Z)-aminovinyl]-3-methyl-D-cysteine (AviMeCys) substructures was developed based on the photocatalyzed-oxidative decarboxylation of lanthionine-bearing peptides. The decarboxylative selenoetherification of the N-hydroxyphthalimide ester, generated in situ, proceeded under mild conditions at −40 °C in the presence of 1 mol% of eosin Y-Na2 as a photocatalyst and the Hantzsch ester. The following β-elimination of the corresponding N,Se-acetal was operated in a one-pot operation, led to AviMeCys substructures found in natural products in moderate to good yields. The sulfide-bridged motif, and also the carbamate-type protecting groups, such as Cbz, Teoc, Boc and Fmoc groups, were tolerant under the reaction conditions.
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2
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Viel JH, Kuipers OP. Mutational Studies of the Mersacidin Leader Reveal the Function of Its Unique Two-Step Leader Processing Mechanism. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:1949-1957. [PMID: 35504017 PMCID: PMC9127955 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
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The class II lanthipeptide
mersacidin, a ribosomally synthesized
and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP), displays unique
intramolecular structures, including a very small lanthionine ring.
When applied in the growing field of RiPP engineering, these can add
unique features to new-to-nature compounds with novel properties.
Recently, a heterologous expression system for mersacidin in Escherichia coli was developed to add its modification
enzymes to the RiPP engineering toolbox and further explore mersacidin
biosynthesis and leader-processing. The dedicated mersacidin transporter
and leader protease MrsT was shown to cleave the leader peptide only
partially upon export, transporting GDMEAA-mersacidin out of the cell.
The extracellular Bacillus amyloliquefaciens protease AprE was shown to release active mersacidin in a second
leader-processing step after transport. The conserved LanT cleavage
site in the mersacidin leader is present in many other class II lanthipeptides.
In contrast to mersacidin, the leader of these peptides is fully processed
in one step. This difference with mersacidin leader-processing raises
fundamentally interesting questions about the specifics of mersacidin
modification and processing, which is also crucial for its application
in RiPP engineering. Here, mutational studies of the mersacidin leader–core
interface were performed to answer these questions. Results showed
the GDMEAA sequence is crucial for both mersacidin modification and
leader processing, revealing a unique leader layout in which a LanM
recognition site is positioned downstream of the conserved leader-protease
LanT cleavage site. Moreover, by identifying residues and regions
that are crucial for mersacidin-type modifications, the wider application
of mersacidin modifications in RiPP engineering has been enabled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob H. Viel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Grant-Mackie E, Williams ET, Harris PWR, Brimble MA. Aminovinyl Cysteine Containing Peptides: A Unique Motif That Imparts Key Biological Activity. JACS AU 2021; 1:1527-1540. [PMID: 34723257 PMCID: PMC8549060 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural products that contain distinctive chemical functionality can serve as useful starting points to develop Nature's compounds into viable therapeutics. Peptide natural products, an under-represented class of medicines, such as ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), often contain noncanonical amino acids and structural motifs that give rise to potent biological activity. However, these motifs can be difficult to obtain synthetically, thereby limiting the transition of RiPPs to the clinic. Aminovinyl cysteine containing peptides, which display potent antimicrobial or anticancer activity, possess an intricate C-terminal ring that is critical for bioactivity. To date, successful methods for the total chemical synthesis of such peptides are yet to be realized, although several advancements have been achieved. In this perspective, we review this burgeoning class of aminovinyl cysteine peptides and critically evaluate the chemical strategies to install the distinct aminovinyl cysteine motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily
S. Grant-Mackie
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of
Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1132, New Zealand
| | - Elyse T. Williams
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of
Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1132, New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of
Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1132, New Zealand
- School
of Biological Sciences, The University of
Auckland, 3b Symonds
Street, Auckland 1132, New Zealand
- The
Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, 3b Symonds Street, Auckland 1132, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of
Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland 1132, New Zealand
- School
of Biological Sciences, The University of
Auckland, 3b Symonds
Street, Auckland 1132, New Zealand
- The
Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, 3b Symonds Street, Auckland 1132, New Zealand
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4
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Lutz JA, Taylor CM. Synthesis of the Aminovinylcysteine-Containing C-Terminal Macrocycle of the Linaridins. Org Lett 2020; 22:1874-1877. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Lutz
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70810, United States
| | - Carol M. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70810, United States
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5
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Abstract
Covering1993 up to May 2020 Linaridins, defined as linear, dehydrated (arid) peptides, are a small but growing family of natural products belonging to the ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) superfamily. To date, only a few members of the linaridin family have been characterized; however, in silico analysis has shown that this family of RiPPs is widespread in nature with high structural diversity. Unlike the case of most of the dehydroamino acid-containing RiPPs, such as lanthipeptides and thiopeptides, in which dehydroamino acids are produced by lanthipeptide dehydratase-like enzymes, in linaridins, dehydroamino acids are produced by a distinct set of enzymes with still unknown biochemistry. In this Highlight we have discussed the structural features, classification, biosynthesis, engineering, and widespread occurrence of linaridins and highlighted several intriguing issues in the maturation of this RiPP family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suze Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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6
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Shimbo D, Shibata A, Yudasaka M, Maruyama T, Tada N, Uno B, Itoh A. Synthesis of cis-β-Amidevinyl Benziodoxolones from the Ethynyl Benziodoxolone-Chloroform Complex and Sulfonamides. Org Lett 2019; 21:9769-9773. [PMID: 31742414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of cis-β-amidevinyl benziodoxolones from the ethynyl benziodoxolone-chloroform complex and sulfonamides is reported. Evidence indicates that highly reactive unsubstituted ethynyl benziodoxolone undergoes Michael addition of sulfonamides, including sterically demanding acyclic amino acid derivatives. The synthesis of selectively deuterated cis-β-amidevinyl benziodoxolones and investigation of ethynyl-λ3-iodane reactivity are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Shimbo
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi , Gifu 501-1196 , Japan
| | - Atsushi Shibata
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi , Gifu 501-1196 , Japan
| | - Masaharu Yudasaka
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi , Gifu 501-1196 , Japan
| | - Toshifumi Maruyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering , Gifu University , Yanagido 1-1 , Gifu 501-1193 , Japan
| | - Norihiro Tada
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi , Gifu 501-1196 , Japan
| | - Bunji Uno
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi , Gifu 501-1196 , Japan
| | - Akichika Itoh
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University 1-25-4, Daigaku-nishi , Gifu 501-1196 , Japan
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7
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Li Z, Gentry Z, Murphy B, VanNieuwenhze MS. Scalable Synthesis of Orthogonally Protected β-Methyllanthionines by Indium(III)-Mediated Ring Opening of Aziridines. Org Lett 2019; 21:2200-2203. [PMID: 30855974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lantibiotics are a class of peptide antibiotics with activity against most Gram-positive bacteria. Lanthionine (Lan) and β-MeLan are unusual thioether-bridged, non-proteinogenic amino acids, which are characteristic features of lantibiotics. In this paper, we report the facile stereoselective synthesis of β-methyllanthionines with orthogonal protection by nucleophilic ring opening of aziridines. This method leads to an expedient access to β-methyllanthionines and allows production of over 30 g of β-methyllanthionine in a single batch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Li
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , Indiana 47405-7102 , United States
| | - Zachary Gentry
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , Indiana 47405-7102 , United States
| | - Brennan Murphy
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , Indiana 47405-7102 , United States
| | - Michael S VanNieuwenhze
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue , Bloomington , Indiana 47405-7102 , United States
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8
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Abdel Monaim SAH, Somboro AM, El-Faham A, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Bacteria Hunt Bacteria through an Intriguing Cyclic Peptide. ChemMedChem 2018; 14:24-51. [PMID: 30394699 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, peptides have been victorious over small molecules as therapeutics due to their broad range of applications, high biological activity, and high specificity. However, the main challenges to overcome if peptides are to become effective drugs is their low oral bioavailability and instability under physiological conditions. Cyclic peptides play a vital role in this context because they show higher stability under physiological conditions, higher membrane permeability, and greater oral bioavailability than that of their corresponding linear analogues. In this regard, cyclic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have gained considerable attention in the field of novel antibiotic development. Bacterial strains produce cyclic AMPs through two pathways: ribosomal and nonribosomal. This review provides an overview of the chemical classification of cyclic AMPs isolated from bacteria, and provides a description of their biological activity and mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A H Abdel Monaim
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa.,Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Anou M Somboro
- Biomedical Resource Unit, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria, 12321, Egypt
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.,CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
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9
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Ding W, Yuan N, Mandalapu D, Mo T, Dong S, Zhang Q. Cypemycin Decarboxylase CypD Is Not Responsible for Aminovinyl–Cysteine (AviCys) Ring Formation. Org Lett 2018; 20:7670-7673. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ning Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | | | - Tianlu Mo
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Suwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, and Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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10
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De Leon Rodriguez LM, Williams ET, Brimble MA. Chemical Synthesis of Bioactive Naturally Derived Cyclic Peptides Containing Ene‐Like Rigidifying Motifs. Chemistry 2018; 24:17869-17880. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elyse T. Williams
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland 23 Symonds St. Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Biological SciencesThe University of Auckland 3 Symonds St. Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- School of Chemical SciencesThe University of Auckland 23 Symonds St. Auckland 1142 New Zealand
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11
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Denoël T, Lemaire C, Luxen A. Progress in Lanthionine and Protected Lanthionine Synthesis. Chemistry 2018; 24:15421-15441. [PMID: 29714402 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lanthionine (Lan), a non-proteinogenic natural amino acid, is an essential component of peptidoglycan found in the cell wall of Fusobacterium species. Lan and β-methyllanthionine are also key constituents in lantibiotics, a prevalent class of peptide antibiotics. The development of those new antibacterial drugs with enhanced properties is the focus of recent research. Since multiple isomers of Lan are possible, a regio- and diastereoselective synthesis is challenging. This comprehensive review summarizes the known chemical syntheses of lanthionine from various precursors (e.g., β-chloroalanine, cystine, dehydroalanine, β-iodoalanine, aziridine, serine lactone, sulfamidate) since 1941. Methods for preparation of unprotected, protected, orthogonally protected, and mutually orthogonally protected lanthionine with relevant experimental details and perspectives on their usefulness are provided. The potential of these Lan derivatives is illustrated by one recent application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Denoël
- Cyclotron Research Centre, Université de Liège, Quartier Agora, allée du VI août, 8, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Lemaire
- Cyclotron Research Centre, Université de Liège, Quartier Agora, allée du VI août, 8, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - André Luxen
- Cyclotron Research Centre, Université de Liège, Quartier Agora, allée du VI août, 8, 4000, Liège, Belgium
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12
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Lutz JA, Subasinghege Don V, Kumar R, Taylor CM. Influence of Sulfur on Acid-Mediated Enamide Formation. Org Lett 2017; 19:5146-5149. [PMID: 28892395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The acid-mediated condensation of acetamide with butanal dimethylacetal and EtSCH2CH(OMe)2, followed by dehydration, was investigated by electronic structure calculations that supported the prediction that the Z-geometry would be favored in the product. The reaction was investigated experimentally using suitably functionalized cysteine building blocks. Some side reactions and optimization of reaction conditions are reported, en route to identifying a mild, inexpensive Lewis acid that achieves a reasonable yield of (Z)-thioenamide 21 with high stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Lutz
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Visal Subasinghege Don
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Revati Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Carol M Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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13
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Carboxyl Analogue of Mutacin 1140, a Scaffold for Lead Antibacterial Discovery. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00668-17. [PMID: 28500042 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00668-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutacin 1140 belongs to the epidermin group of lantibiotics. Epidermin class lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified antibiotics with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. In particular, this class is effective at targeting drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Clostridium difficile A C-terminal S-[(Z)-2-aminovinyl]-d-cysteine (AviCys) residue is derived from a decarboxylation of a terminal cysteine that is involved in lanthionine ring formation. Studies on mutacin 1140 have revealed new insight into the structural importance of the C-terminal AviCys residue. A C-terminal carboxyl analogue of mutacin 1140 was engineered. Capping the C-terminal carboxyl group with a primary amine restores bioactivity and affords a novel opportunity to synthesize new analogues. A C-terminal fluorescein-labeled mutacin 1140 analogue traps lipid II into a large lipid II lantibiotic complex, similar to that observed in vivo for the lantibiotic nisin. A C-terminal carboxyl analogue of mutacin 1140 competitively inhibits the activity of native mutacin 1140 and nisin. The presence of a C-terminal carboxyl group prevents the formation of the large lipid II lantibiotic complexes but does not prevent the binding of the lantibiotic to lipid II.IMPORTANCE This study addressed the importance of the C-terminal S-[(Z)-2-aminovinyl]-d-cysteine (AviCys) residue for antibacterial activity. We have learned that the posttranslational modification for making the AviCys residue is presumably important for the lateral assembly mechanism of activity that traps lipid II into a large complex. The C-terminal carboxyl analogue of this class of lantibiotics is agreeable to the addition of a wide variety of substrates. The addition of fluorescein enabled in vivo visualization of the epidermin class of lantibiotics in action. These results are significant because, as we demonstrate, the presence of the AviCys residue is not essential for bioactivity, but, more importantly, the removal of the carboxyl group is essential. The ability to make a C-terminal carboxyl analogue that is modifiable will facilitate the synthesis of novel analogues of the epidermin class of lantibiotics that can be developed for new applications.
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14
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15
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Mukherjee S, Huo L, Thibodeaux GN, van der Donk WA. Synthesis and Bioactivity of Diastereomers of the Virulence Lanthipeptide Cytolysin. Org Lett 2016; 18:6188-6191. [PMID: 27934350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cytolysin, a two-component lanthipeptide comprising cytolysin S (CylLS″) and cytolysin L (CylLL″), is the only family member to exhibit lytic activity against mammalian cells in addition to synergistic antimicrobial activity. A subset of the thioether cross-links of CylLS″ and CylLL″ have ll stereochemistry instead of the canonical dl stereochemistry in all previously characterized lanthipeptides. The synthesis of a CylLS″ variant with dl stereochemistry is reported. Its antimicrobial activity was found to be decreased, but not its lytic activity against red blood cells. Hence, the unusual ll stereochemistry is not responsible for the lytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Mukherjee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Liujie Huo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Gabrielle N Thibodeaux
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wilfred A van der Donk
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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16
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Paladino M, Zaifman J, Ciufolini MA. Total Synthesis of (+)-3-Demethoxyerythratidinone and (+)-Erysotramidine via the Oxidative Amidation of a Phenol. Org Lett 2015; 17:3422-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paladino
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Joshua Zaifman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Marco A. Ciufolini
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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17
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Maynard SJ, Almeida AM, Yoshimi Y, Gellman SH. New charge-bearing amino acid residues that promote β-sheet secondary structure. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:16683-8. [PMID: 25393077 PMCID: PMC4277779 DOI: 10.1021/ja510265e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Proteinogenic
amino acid residues that promote β-sheet secondary
structure are hydrophobic (e.g., Ile or Val) or only moderately polar
(e.g., Thr). The design of peptides intended to display β-sheet
secondary structure in water typically requires one set of residues
to ensure conformational stability and an orthogonal set, with charged
side chains, to ensure aqueous solubility and discourage self-association.
Here we describe new amino acids that manifest substantial β-sheet
propensity, by virtue of β-branching, and also bear an ionizable
group in the side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy J Maynard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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18
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Tabor AB. Recent advances in synthetic analogues of lantibiotics: What can we learn from these? Bioorg Chem 2014; 55:39-50. [PMID: 24877613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The lantibiotics are a family of antibacterial cyclic peptides distinguished by one or more thioether linkages between amino acid side chains, and by unique modes of action. Recent developments in the chemical synthesis, mutagenesis and mutasynthesis of these peptides are providing insights into the structural requirements for antibacterial activity and into the mode of action, as well as having the potential to produce analogues with greater stability, potency and bioavailability. This Review provides a survey of these recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alethea B Tabor
- UCL Department of Chemistry, 20, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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19
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Knerr PJ, van der Donk WA. Chemical synthesis of the lantibiotic lacticin 481 reveals the importance of lanthionine stereochemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:7094-7. [PMID: 23621626 PMCID: PMC3736828 DOI: 10.1021/ja4014024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lantibiotics are a family of antibacterial peptide natural products characterized by the post-translational installation of the thioether-containing amino acids lanthionine and methyllanthionine. Until recently, only a single naturally occurring stereochemical configuration for each of these cross-links was known. The discovery of lantibiotics with alternative lanthionine and methyllanthionine stereochemistry has prompted an investigation of its importance to biological activity. Here, solid-supported chemical synthesis enabled the total synthesis of the lantibiotic lacticin 481 and analogues containing cross-links with non-native stereochemical configurations. Biological evaluation revealed that these alterations abolished the antibacterial activity in all of the analogues, revealing the critical importance of the enzymatically installed stereochemistry for the biological activity of lacticin 481.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Knerr
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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21
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22
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Knerr P, van der Donk WA. Chemical synthesis and biological activity of analogues of the lantibiotic epilancin 15X. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:7648-51. [PMID: 22524291 PMCID: PMC3349288 DOI: 10.1021/ja302435y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Lantibiotics are a large family of antibacterial peptide natural products containing multiple post-translational modifications, including the thioether structures lanthionine and methyllanthionine. Efforts to probe structure-activity relationships and engineer improved pharmacological properties have driven the development of new methods to produce non-natural analogues of these compounds. In this study, solid-supported chemical synthesis was used to produce analogues of the potent lantibiotic epilancin 15X, in order to assess the importance of several N-terminal post-translational modifications for biological activity. Surprisingly, substitution of these moieties, including the unusual N-terminal D-lactyl moiety, resulted in relatively small changes in the antimicrobial activity and pore-forming ability of the peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick
J. Knerr
- Howard Hughes Medical
Institute and Roger Adams Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wilfred A. van der Donk
- Howard Hughes Medical
Institute and Roger Adams Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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