1
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Pijper B, Saavedra LM, Lanzi M, Alonso M, Fontana A, Serrano M, Gómez JE, Kleij AW, Alcázar J, Cañellas S. Addressing Reproducibility Challenges in High-Throughput Photochemistry. JACS AU 2024; 4:2585-2595. [PMID: 39055158 PMCID: PMC11267557 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Light-mediated reactions have emerged as an indispensable tool in organic synthesis and drug discovery, enabling novel transformations and providing access to previously unexplored chemical space. Despite their widespread application in both academic and industrial research, the utilization of light as an energy source still encounters challenges regarding reproducibility and data robustness. Herein we present a comprehensive head-to-head comparison of commercially available batch photoreactors, alongside the introduction of the use of batch and flow photoreactors in parallel synthesis. Hence, we aim to establish a reliable and consistent platform for light-mediated reactions in high-throughput mode. Herein, we showcase the identification of several platforms aligning with the rigorous demands for efficient and robust high-throughput experimentation screenings and library synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Pijper
- Chemical
Capabilities, Analytical & Purification, Global Discovery Chemistry. Janssen-Cilag, S.A., E-45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Lucía M. Saavedra
- Chemical
Capabilities, Analytical & Purification, Global Discovery Chemistry. Janssen-Cilag, S.A., E-45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Matteo Lanzi
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maialen Alonso
- Chemical
Capabilities, Analytical & Purification, Global Discovery Chemistry. Janssen-Cilag, S.A., E-45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Alberto Fontana
- Chemical
Capabilities, Analytical & Purification, Global Discovery Chemistry. Janssen-Cilag, S.A., E-45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Marta Serrano
- Chemical
Capabilities, Analytical & Purification, Global Discovery Chemistry. Janssen-Cilag, S.A., E-45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - José Enrique Gómez
- Chemical
Capabilities, Analytical & Purification, Global Discovery Chemistry. Janssen-Cilag, S.A., E-45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Arjan W. Kleij
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Catalan
Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Alcázar
- Chemical
Capabilities, Analytical & Purification, Global Discovery Chemistry. Janssen-Cilag, S.A., E-45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Santiago Cañellas
- Chemical
Capabilities, Analytical & Purification, Global Discovery Chemistry. Janssen-Cilag, S.A., E-45007 Toledo, Spain
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2
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Zhao S, Nie Y, Zhang W, Hu R, Sheng L, He W, Zhu N, Li Y, Ji D, Guo K. Microfluidic field strategy for enhancement and scale up of liquid–liquid homogeneous chemical processes by optimization of 3D spiral baffle structure. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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3
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Wan L, Jiang M, Cheng D, Liu M, Chen F. Continuous flow technology-a tool for safer oxidation chemistry. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00520k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advantages and benefits of continuous flow technology for oxidation chemistry have been illustrated in tube reactors, micro-channel reactors, tube-in-tube reactors and micro-packed bed reactors in the presence of various oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wan
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Meifen Jiang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dang Cheng
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Minjie Liu
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fener Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
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4
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Capaldo L, Ravelli D, Fagnoni M. Direct Photocatalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) for Aliphatic C-H Bonds Elaboration. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1875-1924. [PMID: 34355884 PMCID: PMC8796199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Direct photocatalyzed
hydrogen atom transfer (d-HAT) can be considered
a method of choice for the elaboration of
aliphatic C–H bonds. In this manifold, a photocatalyst (PCHAT) exploits the energy of a photon to trigger the homolytic
cleavage of such bonds in organic compounds. Selective C–H
bond elaboration may be achieved by a judicious choice of the hydrogen
abstractor (key parameters are the electronic character and the molecular
structure), as well as reaction additives. Different are the classes
of PCsHAT available, including aromatic ketones, xanthene
dyes (Eosin Y), polyoxometalates, uranyl salts, a metal-oxo porphyrin
and a tris(amino)cyclopropenium radical dication. The processes (mainly
C–C bond formation) are in most cases carried out under mild
conditions with the help of visible light. The aim of this review
is to offer a comprehensive survey of the synthetic applications of
photocatalyzed d-HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Capaldo
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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5
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Tang Z, Wu Q. Gas–Liquid Taylor Flow Characteristics in a Fractal Microchannel Network during Numbering-up and Sizing-up. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, PR China
| | - Qing Wu
- Department of Science and Technology Development, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, Beijing 100010, PR China
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6
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Lashin WH, Nassar IF, El Farargy AF, Abdelhamid AO. Synthesis of New Furanone Derivatives with Potent Anticancer Activity. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020060163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Hermens JGH, Freese T, van den Berg KJ, van Gemert R, Feringa BL. A coating from nature. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/51/eabe0026. [PMID: 33328241 PMCID: PMC7744085 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
For almost a century, petrochemical-based monomers like acrylates have been widely used as the basis for coatings, resins, and paints. The development of sustainable alternatives, integrating the principles of green chemistry in starting material, synthesis process, and product function, offers tremendous challenges for science and society. Here, we report on alkoxybutenolides as a bio-based alternative for acrylates and the formation of high-performance coatings. Starting from biomass-derived furfural and an environmentally benign photochemical conversion using visible light and oxygen in a flow reactor provides the alkoxybutenolide monomers. This is followed by radical (co)polymerization, which results in coatings with tunable properties for applications on distinct surfaces like glass or plastic. The performance is comparable to current petrochemical-derived industrial coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes G H Hermens
- Advanced Research Centre CBBC, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Freese
- Advanced Research Centre CBBC, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, Netherlands
| | - Keimpe J van den Berg
- Department Resin Technology, Akzo Nobel Car Refinishes BV, Sassenheim, 2171 AJ, Netherlands
| | - Rogier van Gemert
- Department Resin Technology, Akzo Nobel Car Refinishes BV, Sassenheim, 2171 AJ, Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Advanced Research Centre CBBC, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747 AG, Netherlands.
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8
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Kayahan E, Jacobs M, Braeken L, Thomassen LC, Kuhn S, van Gerven T, Leblebici ME. Dawn of a new era in industrial photochemistry: the scale-up of micro- and mesostructured photoreactors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:2484-2504. [PMID: 33093928 PMCID: PMC7554662 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Photochemical activation routes are gaining the attention of the scientific community since they can offer an alternative to the traditional chemical industry that mainly utilizes thermochemical activation of molecules. Photoreactions are fast and selective, which would potentially reduce the downstream costs significantly if the process is optimized properly. With the transition towards green chemistry, the traditional batch photoreactor operation is becoming abundant in this field. Process intensification efforts led to micro- and mesostructured flow photoreactors. In this work, we are reviewing structured photoreactors by elaborating on the bottleneck of this field: the development of an efficient scale-up strategy. In line with this, micro- and mesostructured bench-scale photoreactors were evaluated based on a new benchmark called photochemical space time yield (mol·day−1·kW−1), which takes into account the energy efficiency of the photoreactors. It was manifested that along with the selection of the photoreactor dimensions and an appropriate light source, optimization of the process conditions, such as the residence time and the concentration of the photoactive molecule is also crucial for an efficient photoreactor operation. In this paper, we are aiming to give a comprehensive understanding for scale-up strategies by benchmarking selected photoreactors and by discussing transport phenomena in several other photoreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Kayahan
- Center for Industrial Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Mathias Jacobs
- Center for Industrial Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Leen Braeken
- Center for Industrial Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Cj Thomassen
- Center for Industrial Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Simon Kuhn
- Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom van Gerven
- Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Enis Leblebici
- Center for Industrial Process Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Process Engineering for Sustainable Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Zaquen N, Rubens M, Corrigan N, Xu J, Zetterlund PB, Boyer C, Junkers T. Polymer Synthesis in Continuous Flow Reactors. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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10
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Brill ZG, Ritts CB, Mansoor UF, Sciammetta N. Continuous Flow Enables Metallaphotoredox Catalysis in a Medicinal Chemistry Setting: Accelerated Optimization and Library Execution of a Reductive Coupling between Benzylic Chlorides and Aryl Bromides. Org Lett 2019; 22:410-416. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary G. Brill
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Casey B. Ritts
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Umar Faruk Mansoor
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Nunzio Sciammetta
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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11
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Ryu SC, Lee JH, Moon H. Synthesis of mesoporous silica SBA-15 using a dropwise flow reactor. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-019-0329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Strada A, Fredditori M, Zanoni G, Protti S. Acid Catalyzed Formation of C⁻C and C⁻S Bonds via Excited State Proton Transfer. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071318. [PMID: 30987238 PMCID: PMC6480163 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavior of 2-naphthol and 7-bromo-2-naphthol as organic photoacids are exploited in organic synthesis for the preparation of benzyl sulfides (using a trichloroacetimidate derivative as the starting substrate) and polycyclic amines via acid catalyzed condensation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline with aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Strada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Mattia Fredditori
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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13
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Yamashita T, Nishikawa H, Kawamoto T. Scale-up synthesis of a deuterium-labeled cis-cyclobutane-1,3-Dicarboxylic acid derivative using continuous photo flow chemistry. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Qiu M, Zha L, Song Y, Xiang L, Su Y. Numbering-up of capillary microreactors for homogeneous processes and its application in free radical polymerization. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00224j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Different numbered-up capillary microreactor systems were assembled with commercially available parts for homogeneous processes with significant variation of fluid properties (e.g., free radical polymerization), and statistical analysis was performed to reveal its flow distribution performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Li Zha
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Liang Xiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
| | - Yuanhai Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Electrochemical Energy Devices Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
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15
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Qi C, Peng Y, Wang L, Ren Y, Jiang H. Copper-Catalyzed [2 + 3] Cyclization of α-Hydroxyl Ketones and Arylacetonitriles: Access to Multisubstituted Butenolides and Oxazoles. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11926-11935. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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16
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Bonfield HE, Williams JD, Ooi WX, Leach SG, Kerr WJ, Edwards LJ. A Detailed Study of Irradiation Requirements Towards an Efficient Photochemical Wohl‐Ziegler Procedure in Flow. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holly E. Bonfield
- API Chemistry GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - Jason D. Williams
- API Chemistry GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry WestCHEM University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow, Scotland G1 1XL UK
| | - Wei Xiang Ooi
- API Chemistry GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - Stuart G. Leach
- API Chemistry GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
| | - William J. Kerr
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry WestCHEM University of Strathclyde 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow, Scotland G1 1XL UK
| | - Lee J. Edwards
- API Chemistry GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY UK
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17
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Poscharny K, Fabry D, Heddrich S, Sugiono E, Liauw M, Rueping M. Machine assisted reaction optimization: A self-optimizing reactor system for continuous-flow photochemical reactions. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Clark CA, Lee DS, Pickering SJ, Poliakoff M, George MW. UV PhotoVap: Demonstrating How a Simple and Versatile Reactor Based on a Conventional Rotary Evaporator Can Be Used for UV Photochemistry. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael W. George
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China
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19
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SOUZA JULIANAMDE, GALAVERNA RENAN, SOUZA ALINEADE, BROCKSOM TIMOTHYJ, PASTRE JULIOC, SOUZA RODRIGOODE, OLIVEIRA KLEBERTDE. Impact of continuous flow chemistry in the synthesis of natural products and active pharmaceutical ingredients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 90:1131-1174. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201820170778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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C–H Activation via Radical Processes Using Photo-Excited Ketones. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2017_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Gérardy R, Winter M, Horn CR, Vizza A, Van Hecke K, Monbaliu JCM. Continuous-Flow Preparation of γ-Butyrolactone Scaffolds from Renewable Fumaric and Itaconic Acids under Photosensitized Conditions. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romaric Gérardy
- Center
for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège (Sart Tilman), Belgium
| | - Marc Winter
- Corning
Reactor Technologies, Corning SAS, 7 bis Avenue de Valvins, CS 70156
Samois sur Seine, 77215 Avon Cedex, France
| | - Clemens R. Horn
- Corning
Reactor Technologies, Corning SAS, 7 bis Avenue de Valvins, CS 70156
Samois sur Seine, 77215 Avon Cedex, France
| | - Alessandra Vizza
- Corning
Reactor Technologies, Corning SAS, 7 bis Avenue de Valvins, CS 70156
Samois sur Seine, 77215 Avon Cedex, France
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct,
Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe M. Monbaliu
- Center
for Integrated Technology and Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège (Sart Tilman), Belgium
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22
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Wu YC, Luo SH, Mei WJ, Cao L, Wu HQ, Wang ZY. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-biphenylamino-5-halo-2( 5H )-furanones as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Li X, Han C, Yao H, Lin A. Organocatalyzed [3 + 2] Annulation of Cyclopropenones and β-Ketoesters: An Approach to Substituted Butenolides with a Quaternary Center. Org Lett 2017; 19:778-781. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Hequan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural
Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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24
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Usami H, Ohta K, Inagawa S. Photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol in a photochemical reactor with an interconnected microchannel and a light guide network. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Song X, Xue F, Feng Z, Wang Y, Wang Z, Xi Y. A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Reaction Mechanism and Molecular Structure of 4-(Diphenylamino)-3-iodo-2(5H)-furanone. Aust J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ch16616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The simultaneous α-iodination and Nβ-arylation mechanism of 5-alkyloxy-4-phenylamino-2(5H)-furanone by (diacetoxyiodo)benzene was investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) with B3LYP/6-31G*//LANL2DZ, selecting 4-(diphenylamino)-5-methyloxy-3-iodo-2(5H)-furanone as the calculation model. In addition, the effect of solvent on the reaction pathway was investigated using the Polarisable Continuum Model (PCM). Good agreement was found between the computational and the experimental results. Furthermore, single crystals of 4-(diphenylamino)-5-ethoxy-3-iodo-2(5H)-furanone were grown by slow evaporation technique. The molecular structure analysis was performed by single crystal X-ray analysis and theoretical calculations using a semi-empirical quantum chemical method and DFT/B3LYP methods with a LANL2DZ as basis set.
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Mizuno K, Nishiyama Y, Ogaki T, Terao K, Ikeda H, Kakiuchi K. Utilization of microflow reactors to carry out synthetically useful organic photochemical reactions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Yoshimi Y, Nishio A, Hayashi M, Morita T. Sunlight-induced decarboxylative radical addition of carboxylic acids to electron-deficient alkenes using a millitube reactor. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Elliott LD, Berry M, Harji B, Klauber D, Leonard J, Booker-Milburn KI. A Small-Footprint, High-Capacity Flow Reactor for UV Photochemical Synthesis on the Kilogram Scale. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke D. Elliott
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Berry
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels
Wood Road, Stevenage SG1
2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Bashir Harji
- Cambridge Reactor Design Ltd., Unit D2, Brookfield Business Centre, Twentypence Road, Cottenham CB24 8PS, United Kingdom
| | - David Klauber
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - John Leonard
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences, AstraZeneca, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin I. Booker-Milburn
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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29
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Kamijo S, Takao G, Kamijo K, Tsuno T, Ishiguro K, Murafuji T. Alkylation of Nonacidic C(sp3)–H Bonds by Photoinduced Catalytic Michael-Type Radical Addition. Org Lett 2016; 18:4912-4915. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Kamijo
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation and ‡Department of
Biology and Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Go Takao
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation and ‡Department of
Biology and Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Kaori Kamijo
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation and ‡Department of
Biology and Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Teruo Tsuno
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation and ‡Department of
Biology and Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ishiguro
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation and ‡Department of
Biology and Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Murafuji
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation and ‡Department of
Biology and Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
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30
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Oelgemöller M, Hoffmann N. Studies in organic and physical photochemistry - an interdisciplinary approach. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7392-442. [PMID: 27381273 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00842a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, organic photochemistry when applied to synthesis strongly interacts with physical chemistry. The aim of this review is to illustrate this very fruitful interdisciplinary approach and cooperation. A profound understanding of the photochemical reactivity and reaction mechanisms is particularly helpful for optimization and application of these reactions. Some typical reactions and particular aspects are reported such as the Norrish-Type II reaction and the Yang cyclization and related transformations, the [2 + 2] photocycloadditions, particularly the Paternò-Büchi reaction, photochemical electron transfer induced transformations, different kinds of catalytic reactions such as photoredox catalysis for organic synthesis and photooxygenation are discussed. Particular aspects such as the structure and reactivity of aryl cations, photochemical reactions in the crystalline state, chiral memory, different mechanisms of hydrogen transfer in photochemical reactions or fundamental aspects of stereoselectivity are discussed. Photochemical reactions are also investigated in the context of chemical engineering. Particularly, continuous flow reactors are of interest. Novel reactor systems are developed and modeling of photochemical transformations and different reactors play a key role in such studies. This research domain builds a bridge between fundamental studies of organic photochemical reactions and their industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Oelgemöller
- James Cook University, College of Science and Engineering, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
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31
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Ravelli D, Protti S, Fagnoni M. Carbon–Carbon Bond Forming Reactions via Photogenerated Intermediates. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9850-913. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 724] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ravelli
- Department
of Chemistry, Photogreen Lab, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- Department
of Chemistry, Photogreen Lab, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- Department
of Chemistry, Photogreen Lab, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Cambié D, Bottecchia C, Straathof NJW, Hessel V, Noël T. Applications of Continuous-Flow Photochemistry in Organic Synthesis, Material Science, and Water Treatment. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10276-341. [PMID: 26935706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 882] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Continuous-flow photochemistry in microreactors receives a lot of attention from researchers in academia and industry as this technology provides reduced reaction times, higher selectivities, straightforward scalability, and the possibility to safely use hazardous intermediates and gaseous reactants. In this review, an up-to-date overview is given of photochemical transformations in continuous-flow reactors, including applications in organic synthesis, material science, and water treatment. In addition, the advantages of continuous-flow photochemistry are pointed out and a thorough comparison with batch processing is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Cambié
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Bottecchia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Natan J W Straathof
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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34
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Blackham EE, Knowles JP, Burgess J, Booker-Milburn KI. Combining photochemistry and catalysis: rapid access to sp 3 - rich polyheterocycles from simple pyrroles. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2302-2307. [PMID: 29910920 PMCID: PMC5977501 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04062k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of FEP flow reactor technology allows access to gram quantities of photochemically-generated tricyclic aziridines. These undergo a range of novel palladium-catalyzed ring-opening and cycloaddition reactions, likely driven by their inherent strain, allowing incorporation of further functionality by fusing additional heterocyclic rings onto these already complex polycyclic cores. This rapid, 2-step access to complex sp3 - rich heterocycles should be of interest to those in the fields of drug discovery and natural product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Blackham
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK . ; http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/org/bmilburn/index2.htm
| | - Jonathan P Knowles
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK . ; http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/org/bmilburn/index2.htm
| | - Jonathan Burgess
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK . ; http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/org/bmilburn/index2.htm
| | - Kevin I Booker-Milburn
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , Bristol , BS8 1TS , UK . ; http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/org/bmilburn/index2.htm
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35
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Ditrói T, Kalmár J, Pino-Chamorro JA, Erdei Z, Lente G, Fábián I. Construction of a multipurpose photochemical reactor with on-line spectrophotometric detection. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:589-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A versatile photoreactor was constructed from commercially available parts, which is capable of recording high quality kinetic traces in homogeneous and heterogeneous photoreactions and also easily adaptable to flow-through operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Ditrói
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- H-4010 Hungary
| | - József Kalmár
- MTA-DE Homogeneous Catalysis and Reaction Mechanisms Research Group
- Debrecen
- H-4010 Hungary
| | | | - Zsolt Erdei
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- H-4010 Hungary
| | - Gábor Lente
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- H-4010 Hungary
| | - István Fábián
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- H-4010 Hungary
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36
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Su Y, Kuijpers K, Hessel V, Noël T. A convenient numbering-up strategy for the scale-up of gas–liquid photoredox catalysis in flow. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5re00021a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An operationally simple numbering-up strategy for the scale-up of gas–liquid photocatalytic reactions was developed, which provides an excellent flow distribution (SDw < 10%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhai Su
- Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Koen Kuijpers
- Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
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37
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Gemoets HPL, Su Y, Shang M, Hessel V, Luque R, Noël T. Liquid phase oxidation chemistry in continuous-flow microreactors. Chem Soc Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00447k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review gives an exhaustive overview of the engineering principles, safety aspects and chemistry associated with liquid phase oxidation in continuous-flow microreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes P. L. Gemoets
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Yuanhai Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Minjing Shang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Quimica Organica
- Universidad de Cordoba
- E14014 Cordoba
- Spain
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- Micro Flow Chemistry & Process Technology
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5612 AZ Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
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38
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Ziegenbalg D, Wriedt B, Kreisel G, Kralisch D. Investigation of Photon Fluxes within Microstructured Photoreactors Revealing Great Optimization Potentials. Chem Eng Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201500498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Serrano E, Juan A, García-Montero A, Soler T, Jiménez-Márquez F, Cativiela C, Gomez MV, Urriolabeitia EP. Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3-Diaminotruxillic Acid Derivatives: An Advantageous Combination of C-H-ortho-Palladation and On-Flow [2+2]-Photocycloaddition in Microreactors. Chemistry 2015; 22:144-52. [PMID: 26597315 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201503742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of ε-isomers of dimethyl esters of 1,3-diaminotruxillic acid in three steps is reported. The first step is the ortho-palladation of (Z)-2-aryl-4-aryliden-5(4H)-oxazolones 1 to give dinuclear complexes 2 with bridging carboxylates. The reaction occurs through regioselective activation of the ortho-CH bond of the 4-arylidene ring in carboxylic acids. The second step is the [2+2]-photocycloaddition of the CC exocyclic bonds of the oxazolone skeleton in 2 to afford the corresponding dinuclear ortho-palladated cyclobutanes 3. This key step was performed very efficiently by using LED light sources with different wavelengths (465, 525 or 625 nm) in flow microreactors. The final step involved the depalladation of 3 by hydrogenation in methanol to afford the ε-1,3-diaminotruxillic acid derivatives as single isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Serrano
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Academia General Militar, 50090 Zaragoza (Spain)
| | - Alberto Juan
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real (Spain)
| | - Angel García-Montero
- Instituto de Síntesis QuímicayCatálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Fac. Ciencias, Edificio D, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain)
| | - Tatiana Soler
- Servicios Centrales Investigación, Universidad de Alicante, 03690 Alicante (Spain)
| | - Francisco Jiménez-Márquez
- E.T.S. Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real (Spain)
| | - Carlos Cativiela
- Instituto de Síntesis QuímicayCatálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Fac. Ciencias, Edificio D, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain).
| | - M Victoria Gomez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real (Spain).
| | - Esteban P Urriolabeitia
- Instituto de Síntesis QuímicayCatálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Fac. Ciencias, Edificio D, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain).
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40
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Mao W, Zhu C. Synergistic Acid-Promoted Synthesis of Highly Substituted Butenolides via the Annulation of Keto Acids and Tertiary Alcohols. Org Lett 2015; 17:5710-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Mao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province,
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of
Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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41
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Josland S, Mumtaz S, Oelgemöller M. Photodecarboxylations in an Advanced Meso-Scale Continuous-Flow Photoreactor. Chem Eng Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201500285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractRadicals are easily generated via hydrogen transfer form secondary alcohols or tertiary amines using photochemical sensitization with ketones. They can subsequently add to the electron deficient double bond of furanones. The addition of the alcohols is particularly efficient. Therefore, this reaction was used to characterize and to compare the efficiency of different photochemical continuous flow microreactors. A range of micro-structured reactors were tested and their performances evaluated. The enclosed microchip enabled high space-time-yields but its microscopic dimensions limited its productivity. In contrast, the open microcapillary model showed a greater potential for scale-up and reactor optimization. A 10-microcapillary reactor was therefore constructed and utilized for typical R&D applications. Compared to the corresponding batch processes, the microreactor systems gave faster conversions, improved product qualities and higher yields. Similar reactions have also been carried out with electronically excited furanones and other α,β-unsaturated ketones. In this case, hydrogen is transferred directly to the excited olefin. This reaction part may occur either in one step, i.e., electron and proton are transferred simultaneously, or it may occur in two steps, i.e., the electron is transferred first and the proton follows. In the first case, a C–C bond is formed in the α position of the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound and in the second case this bond is formed in the β position. For the first reaction, the influence of stereochemical elements of the substrate on the regioselectivity of the hydrogen abstraction on the side chain has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Oelgemöller
- 1College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- 2CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims, France
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43
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Protti S, Fagnoni M, Ravelli D. Photocatalytic CH Activation by Hydrogen-Atom Transfer in Synthesis. ChemCatChem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201500125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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44
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Eskandarloo H, Badiei A. Fabrication of an inexpensive and high efficiency microphotoreactor using CO2 laser technique for photocatalytic water treatment applications. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:1063-1073. [PMID: 25295722 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.974681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a micro-photoreactor with catalyst-immobilized micro-channels was designed and fabricated using CO2 laser as a simple and inexpensive technique. The micro-photoreactor is composed of an array of micro-channels, a quartz plate, and an array of UV-LEDs. The micro-channels with the dimension of 400 µm width, 50 µm depth, and 80 cm length were inscribed on a flat plate of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The illuminated specific surface area for the designed micro-reactor was calculated to be 25000 m(-1). To examine the performance of miniaturized photoreactor, the photocatalytic degradation of 4-Nitrophenol as a refractory pollutant was investigated. The effects of operational variables on the performance of micro-photoreactor were studied. Higher photocatalytic degradation is obtained for low flow rates, high light intensities, long micro-channels lengths, and low inlet concentrations. Also, the performance of micro-photoreactor was examined in the presence of different types of TiO2 catalysts with an average particle size between 5 and 27 nm (such as P25, PC500, Merck, and UV100) and textile dyes with different chemical structures (such as Acid Orange 7, Acid Violet 19, Basic Red 46, Methyl Orange, and Malachite Green). Finally, the reusability of miniaturized photoreactor was evaluated and the results showed satisfactory stability and reusability for the designed micro-reactor in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Eskandarloo
- a School of Chemistry, College of Science , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
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45
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Shi J, Tang XD, Wu YC, Li HN, Song LJ, Wang ZY. Palladium-Catalyzed Desulfitative Arylation of 5-Alkoxy-3,4-dibromo-2(5H)-furanone with Sodium Arylsulfinates. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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46
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Kim YJ, Jeong MJ, Kim JE, In I, Park CP. Microreactor-Mediated Benzylic Bromination in Concentrated Solar Radiation. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight-induced bromination of benzylic compounds was conducted in a capillary microreactor, resulting in mono-brominated compounds with yields of up to 94 %. These reactions can be considered to be eco-friendly since they were carried out without an artificial light source or additional temperature control. In addition, up to 257.9 mmol could be produced daily using cost-effective molecular bromine, which leads to potential improvement of industrial processes.
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47
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Takayama M. Application of Flow Micro Synthesis Technology for Medicinal Chemistry. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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48
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Pordanjani HM, Faderl C, Wang J, Motti CA, Junk PC, Oelgemöller M. Photodecarboxylative Benzylations of N-Methoxyphthalimide under Batch and Continuous-Flow Conditions. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch15356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of photodecarboxylative benzylations of N-methoxyphthalimide were successfully realised using easily accessible starting materials. The reactions proceeded smoothly and the corresponding benzylated hydroxyphthalimidines were obtained in moderate to good yields of 52–73 %. No competing photoinduced dealkoxylation of the N-methoxy group was observed. The reaction with potassium phenylacetate was subsequently investigated in an advanced continuous-flow photoreactor. The reactor allowed rapid optimization of the reaction conditions and gave the desired benzylated product in higher yield and shorter irradiation time compared with the batch process.
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49
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Nishiyama Y, Mizuno K. Highly Efficient and Selective Diastereodifferentiating Organic Photoreactions Using Flow Microreactor. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2015. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.73.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST)
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Ouchi A, Hyugano T, Kaneda M, Suzuki T, Liu C. Two-Step Laser Photolysis of Flavone and NaBH4at Organic–Aqueous Liquid Interface Using a Microchannel Reactor: A Method to Avoid Secondary Thermal Side Reactions. J Flow Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/jfc-d-14-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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