1
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Bao M, Carriola DVN, Arman H, Doyle MP. HNTf 2-Catalyzed Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Vinyldiazoacetates to Indole-Substituted Diazo Compounds and Their Conversion to Carbazoles. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38796778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Triflimide catalysis of the [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of 3-indolymethanols with vinyldiazoacetates provides general access to β-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]indol-substituted α-diazoesters. Initiated by addition of the in situ generated vinylogous iminium electrophile from 3-indolymethanol to the vinylogous position of the vinyldiazo compound and completed by intramolecular cyclization from the vinyldiazonium ion intermediate, this transformation occurs in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivity with a broad substrate scope under mild conditions. The resulting α-diazoesters undergo Rh2(OAc)4-catalyzed substrate-dependent 1,2-migration to form multisubstituted carbazoles in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Bao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Diana Victoria Navarrete Carriola
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710 Reynosa, México
| | - Hadi Arman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
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2
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Yaragorla S, Khan T, Chakroborty S. Cu(OTf) 2/HFIP catalyzed regioselective cycloisomerization of indole-C3-functionalized alkynols to carbazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:3622-3629. [PMID: 38634737 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00421c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
We report here a simple and atom economic cycloisomerization reaction of indole-tethered alkynols for constructing diverse carbazoles using Cu(OTf)2/HFIP as the excellent promoter system. The reaction proceeds through a one-pot, domino process of spiro cyclization and 1,2-migration followed by aromatization to deliver carbazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tabassum Khan
- School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India.
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3
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Zhu GH, Jiang X. Rh(I)-Catalyzed Cascade Carbonylative Cyclization of Propargyl α-Diazoindolacetates for Construction of Carbazoles. Org Lett 2023; 25:8077-8082. [PMID: 37933919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
A Rh(I)-catalyzed carbene migration/carbonylation/cyclization (MCC) strategy has been established for the construction of diverse functionalized carbazoles from propargyl α-diazoindolacetates. Rh(I)-stabilized carbene with different electrophilic properties displays specific reactivity toward alkyne and CO during the transformation, ensuring the smooth progress of the tandem cyclization. Other heteroaryl scaffolds were achieved simultaneously through this cascade protocol, thus offering a straightforward pathway toward functionalized polycyclic aromatic molecule synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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4
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Solas M, Muñoz-Torres MA, Martínez-Lara F, Renedo L, Suárez-Pantiga S, Sanz R. Catalyst- and Substrate-Controlled Regiodivergent Synthesis of Carbazoles through Gold-Catalyzed Cyclizations of Indole-Functionalized Alkynols. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300382. [PMID: 37773019 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of regioselectively substituted carbazole derivatives can be synthesized by the gold-catalyzed cyclization of alkynols bearing an indol-3-yl and an additional group at the homopropargylic positions. The regioselectivity of the process can be controlled by both the oxidation state of the gold catalyst and the electronic nature of the substituents of the alkynol moiety. The 1,2-alkyl migration in the spiroindoleninium intermediate, generated after indole attack to the activated alkyne, is favored with gold(I) complexes and for electron-rich aromatic substituents at the homopropargylic position, whereas the 1,2-alkenyl shift is preferred when using gold(III) salts and for alkyl or non-electron-rich aromatic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Solas
- Área de Química Orgánica. Departamento de Química., Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n, 09001-, Burgos, Spain
| | - Miguel A Muñoz-Torres
- Área de Química Orgánica. Departamento de Química., Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n, 09001-, Burgos, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez-Lara
- Área de Química Orgánica. Departamento de Química., Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n, 09001-, Burgos, Spain
| | - Lorena Renedo
- Área de Química Orgánica. Departamento de Química., Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n, 09001-, Burgos, Spain
| | - Samuel Suárez-Pantiga
- Área de Química Orgánica. Departamento de Química., Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n, 09001-, Burgos, Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Área de Química Orgánica. Departamento de Química., Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos, s/n, 09001-, Burgos, Spain
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5
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Kumar MP, G M, Amaladass P, Manikandan C, Dhayalan V. Recent synthetic strategies for the construction of functionalized carbazoles and their heterocyclic motifs enabled by Lewis acids. RSC Adv 2023; 13:32596-32626. [PMID: 37936643 PMCID: PMC10626344 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06396h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This article demonstrates recent innovative cascade annulation methods for preparing functionalized carbazoles and their related polyaromatic heterocyclic compounds enabled by Lewis acid catalysts. Highly substituted carbazole scaffolds were synthesized via Lewis acid mediated Friedel-Crafts arylation, electrocyclization, intramolecular cyclization, cycloaddition, C-N bond-formations, aromatization and cascade domino reactions, metal-catalyzed, iodine catalyzed reactions and multi-component reactions. This review article mainly focuses on Lewis acid-mediated recent synthetic methods to access a variety of electron-rich and electron-poor functional groups substituted carbazole frameworks in one-pot reactions. Polyaromatic carbazole and their related nitrogen-based heterocyclic compounds were found in several synthetic applications in pharma industries, energy devices, and materials sciences. Moreover, the review paper briefly summarised new synthetic strategies of carbazole preparation approaches will assist academic and pharma industries in identifying innovative protocols for producing poly-functionalized carbazoles and related highly complex heterocyclic compounds and discovering active pharmaceutical drugs or carbazole-based alkaloids and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marappan Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal-609609 Union Territory Puducherry India https://vasudeva49.wixsite.com/catalysislab
| | - Mahantesh G
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal-609609 Union Territory Puducherry India https://vasudeva49.wixsite.com/catalysislab
| | - P Amaladass
- Department of Chemistry, Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science Madanapalle 517325 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Chitrarasu Manikandan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal-609609 Union Territory Puducherry India https://vasudeva49.wixsite.com/catalysislab
| | - Vasudevan Dhayalan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Puducherry Karaikal-609609 Union Territory Puducherry India https://vasudeva49.wixsite.com/catalysislab
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6
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Heckershoff R, May G, Däumer J, Eberle L, Krämer P, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Mulks FF, Hashmi ASK. Entropy-Induced Selectivity Switch in Gold Catalysis: Fast Access to Indolo[1,2-a]quinolines. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201816. [PMID: 35699266 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
New N-heterocyclic compounds for organic functional materials and their efficient syntheses are highly demanded. A surprising entropy-induced selectivity switch in the gold-catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation of 2-ethynyl N-aryl indoles was found and its exploitation led to straightforward syntheses of indolo[1,2-a]quinolines. Experimental and computational mechanistic investigations gave insight into this uncommon selectivity phenomenon and into the special reactivity of the indolo[1,2-a]quinolines. The high functional group tolerance of this methodology enabled access to a diverse scope with high yields. In addition, bidirectional approaches, post-functionalization reactions, and π-extension of the core structure were feasible. An in-depth study of the photophysical properties explored the structure-effect relationship for different derivatives and revealed a high potential of these compounds for future applications as functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Heckershoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Garrett May
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janika Däumer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Eberle
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Krämer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian F Mulks
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141 (Republic of, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141 (Republic of, Korea
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Zhao YH, Chen JH, Liu M, Zhou YB, Wu H. Palladium‐Catalyzed Sequential C−H Activation/Amination of 2‐Iodobiphenyls with Benzoisoxazoles for Synthesis of Carbazoles. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Kaur R, Banga S, Babu SA. Construction of carbazole-based unnatural amino acid scaffolds via Pd(II)-catalyzed C(sp 3)-H functionalization. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:4391-4414. [PMID: 35583129 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00658h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of carbazole-based unnatural α-amino acid and non-α-amino acid derivatives via a Pd(II)-catalyzed bidentate directing group 8-aminoquinoline-aided β-C(sp3)-H activation/functionalization method. Various N-phthaloyl, DL-, L- and D-carboxamides derived from their corresponding α-amino acids, non-α-amino acids and aliphatic carboxamides were subjected to the β-C(sp3)-H functionalization with 3-iodocarbazoles in the presence of a Pd(II) catalyst to afford the corresponding carbazole moiety installed unnatural amino acid derivatives and aliphatic carboxamides. Carbazole motif-containing racemic (DL) and enantiopure (L and D) amino acid derivatives including phenylalanine, norvaline, leucine, norleucine and 2-aminooctanoic acid with anti-stereochemistry and various non-α-amino acid derivatives including GABA have been synthesized. Removal of the 8-aminoquinoline directing group, deprotection of the phthalimide moiety and the preparation of carbazole amino acid derivatives containing free amino- and carboxylate groups are shown. The carbazole motif is prevalent in alkaloids and biologically active molecules and functional materials. Thus, this work on the synthesis of carbazole-based unnatural amino acid derivatives would enrich the libraries of unnatural amino acid derivatives and carbazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli P.O., Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Shefali Banga
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli P.O., Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Srinivasarao Arulananda Babu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Manauli P.O., Punjab, 140306, India.
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9
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Pramanik S, Chatterjee S, Banerjee R, Chowdhury C. Palladium-Catalyzed Benzannulations of 1-(Indol-2-yl)but-3-yn-1-ols: Easy Access to Functionalized Carbazoles. Org Lett 2022; 24:1895-1900. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Pramanik
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Sarat Chatterjee
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Rumjhum Banerjee
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India
| | - Chinmay Chowdhury
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India
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10
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Basceken S. Computational analysis of the formation mechanisms of carbazoles. J Mol Model 2022; 28:75. [PMID: 35237868 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05067-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Gold-, platinum-, and silver-catalyzed formation mechanisms of carbazole alkaloids were investigated computationally. The structural properties of the reactants were studied in various solvents and with different functionals. The hybrid functionals B3LYP and M06-2X in density functional theory were used to determine and discuss the energetics of the compounds. The electronic properties of groups attached to the terminal alkyne played an essential role in the formation of carbazoles. The stereo- and chemoselectivity of the mechanism were investigated and the natural bond orbitals of the reactants were determined. Furthermore, this theoretical study has suggested a gold-catalyzed alternative mechanism for the synthesis of 1,4-dihydrocyclopenta[b]indole derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Basceken
- Department of Chemistry, Hitit University, 19030, Corum, Turkey.
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11
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Baire B, Yadav B. TfOH catalysed domino-double annulation of arenes with propargylic alcohols: a unified approach to indene polycyclic systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12796-12799. [PMID: 34782905 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05253e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The design and development of a TfOH catalysed domino strategy for the double annulation of arenes with propargylic alcohols for the rapid generation of indene based polycyclic systems is reported. The dehydration, intramolecular 6-endo-dig hydroarylation, and cationic cyclization were consecutively promoted by TfOH. The key features of this strategy are the formation of two C-C bonds, unified access to indene polycyclic systems, excellent yields (up to 95%), high atom economy (>90%), an operationally simple procedure, and water being the only byproduct. By extending this strategy, a two-step synthesis of the pentacyclic systems of hypoxylonol A (43% overall yield from α-tetralone), daldinone A (63% overall yield from β-tetralone) and spiro-tetracyclic framework of incarviatone A has also been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beeraiah Baire
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Bhavna Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamilnadu, India.
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12
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Kwak H, Kang E, Song JY, Kang G, Joo JM. Pd‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkynyl Norbornene Derivatives for the Synthesis of Benzofused Heteroarenes. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hayeon Kwak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsu Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeong Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Geunhee Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials Pusan National University Busan 46241 Republic of Korea
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13
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Praveen C, Dupeux A, Michelet V. Catalytic Gold Chemistry: From Simple Salts to Complexes for Regioselective C-H Bond Functionalization. Chemistry 2021; 27:10495-10532. [PMID: 33904614 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Gold coordinated to neutral phosphines (R3 P), N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) or anionic ligands is catalytically active in functionalizing various C-H bonds with high selectivity. The sterics/electronic nature of the studied C-H bond, oxidation state of gold and stereoelectronic capacity of the coordinated auxiliary ligand are some of the associated selectivity factors in gold-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization reactions. Hence, in this review a comprehensive update about the action of different types of gold catalysts, from simple to sophisticated ones, on C-H bond reactions and their regiochemical outcome is disclosed. This review also highlights the catalytic applications of Au(I)- and Au(III)-species in creating new opportunities for the regio- and site-selective activation of challenging C-H bonds. Finally, it also intends to stress the potential applications in selective C-H bond activation associated with a variety of heterocycles recently described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekar Praveen
- Electrochemical Power Sources Division, Central Electrochemcial Research Institute (CSIR Laboratory) Alagappapuram, Karaikudi, 630003, Sivagangai District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aurélien Dupeux
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272 CNRS, University Côte d'Azur Valrose Park, Faculty of Sciences, 06108, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Véronique Michelet
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272 CNRS, University Côte d'Azur Valrose Park, Faculty of Sciences, 06108, Nice Cedex 2, France
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14
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Agnieszka Z, Hamid M, Nuno R, Johnny V, Sylvie C, Frédéric B, Sylvain R. Synthesis of γ-carboline N-oxide under gold(I)-catalysis and C-1 amino and fluoro γ-carboline. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Neto JSS, Zeni G. Recent Developments in the Cyclization of Alkynes and Nitrogen Compounds for the Synthesis of Indole Derivatives. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose S. S. Neto
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Gilson Zeni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratório de Síntese Reatividade Avaliação Farmacológica e Toxicológica de Organocalcogênios CCNE Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900 Brazil
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16
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Martín I, Aragoncillo C, Almendros P. Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Homopropargyl Iodoindoles with Concurrent Alkyl and Iodonium Migrations. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martín
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, IQOG, CSIC Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Cristina Aragoncillo
- Grupo de Lactamas y Heterociclos Bioactivos Departamento de Química Orgánica Unidad Asociada al CSIC Facultad de Química Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Pedro Almendros
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General, IQOG, CSIC Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
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17
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Bag D, Sawant SD. Heteroarene-tethered Functionalized Alkyne Metamorphosis. Chemistry 2021; 27:1165-1218. [PMID: 32603015 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heteroarene-tethered functionalized alkynes are multipotent synthons in organic chemistry. This detailed Review described herein offers a thorough discussion of the metamorphosis of heteroarene-tethered functionalized alkynes, an area which has earned much attention over the past decade in the straightforward synthesis of architecturally complex heterocyclic scaffolds in atom and step economic manner. Depending upon the variety of functionalized alkynes, this Review is divided into multiple sections. Amongst the vast array of synthetic transformations covered, dearomatizing spirocyclizations and cascade spirocyclization/rearrangement are of great interest. Synthetic transformations involving the heteroarene-tethered functionalized alkynes with scope, challenges, limitations, mechanism, their application in the total synthesis of natural products and future perceptions are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Bag
- Laboratory 212, Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180001, India
| | - Sanghapal D Sawant
- Laboratory 212, Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu, Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180001, India
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18
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Banerjee A, Kundu S, Bhattacharyya A, Sahu S, Maji MS. Benzannulation strategies for the synthesis of carbazoles, indolocarbazoles, benzocarbazoles, and carbolines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00092f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a critical and authoritative analysis of several exciting benzannulation approaches developed in the past decade for the construction of carbazoles, indolocarbazoles, benzocarbazoles, and carbolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Samrat Kundu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Arya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Samrat Sahu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
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19
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Liu X, Du D, Li S, Wang X, Xu C, Wang M. Defluorinative Ring‐Opening Indolylation of Siloxydifluorocyclopropanes: Controlled Synthesis of α‐Fluoro‐β‐Indolyl‐Propanones for Carbazole Construction. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Du
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Li
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- First Hospital of Bethune Jilin University Changchun 130021 People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Xu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
| | - Mang Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis College of Chemistry Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 People's Republic of China
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20
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Debnath S, Das T, Pati TK, Majumdar S, Maiti DK. Metal-Free Indole-Phenacyl Bromide Cyclization: A Regioselective Synthesis of 3,5-Diarylcarbazoles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13272-13279. [PMID: 33006280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free, simultaneous triple C-C coupling cyclization reaction between phenacyl bromides and indoles is discovered in a highly regioselective fashion to furnish 3,5-diarylcarbazoles. DMAP is utilized as the only reagent for the unusual and rapid cyclization reaction to furnish all new carbazole compounds through installation of a great diversity of substituents. A plausible radical mechanism for the new reaction is predicted by conducting various control experiments, competitive reactions, furoindole formation, and ESI-MS analyses of the ongoing cyclization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipto Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Tuluma Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Tanmay K Pati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Swapan Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799 022, India
| | - Dilip K Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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21
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McLean EB, Cutolo FM, Cassidy OJ, Burns DJ, Lee AL. Selectivity Control in Gold-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Alkynes with Indoles: Application to Unsymmetrical Bis(indolyl)methanes. Org Lett 2020; 22:6977-6981. [PMID: 32845648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gold-catalyzed hydroarylation of unactivated alkynes with indoles have previously been reported to proceed with double indole addition to produce symmetrical bis(indolyl)methanes (BIMs). We demonstrate for the first time that the selectivity of the gold-catalyzed reaction can be fully switched to allow for isolation of the vinylindole products instead. Furthermore, this selective reaction can be utilized to synthesize the more difficult to access unsymmetrical BIMs from readily available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euan B McLean
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U.K
| | - Francesca M Cutolo
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U.K
| | - Orla J Cassidy
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U.K
| | - David J Burns
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, U.K
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22
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Petrini M. New Perspectives in the Indole Ring Functionalization using 2‐Indolylmethanols. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marino Petrini
- School of Science and TechnologyChemistry Division, Università di Camerino via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino Italy
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23
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Rajesh M, Kumar R, Puri S, Nanubolu JB, Reddy MS. Lewis-Acid-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Annulation of 2-Aminoindole-3-Carboxylate with Ynals Involving [3 + 2] Spirocycloaddition and 2,3-Aza Migration. Org Lett 2020; 22:1117-1123. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manda Rajesh
- Department of OSPC, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Maddi Sridhar Reddy
- Department of OSPC, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
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24
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Liu X, Sheng H, Zhou Y, Song Q. Palladium-catalyzed C–H bond activation for the assembly of N-aryl carbazoles with aromatic amines as nitrogen sources. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1665-1668. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09493h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and efficient palladium-catalyzed C–H bond activation for the assembly of N-aryl carbazole is reported, in which two C–N bonds were formed under one set of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Liu
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation
- College of Materials Science & Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering at Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Heyun Sheng
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation
- College of Materials Science & Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering at Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei Normal University
- Huangshi 435002
- P. R. China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation
- College of Materials Science & Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering at Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
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25
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Martín-Mejías I, Aragoncillo C, Yanai H, Hoshikawa S, Fujimoto Y, Matsumoto T, Almendros P. A catalyst-free bis(triflyl)ethylation/benzannulation reaction: rapid access to carbazole-based superacidic carbon acids from alkynols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1795-1798. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08930f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A metal- and irradiation-free preparation of Tf2CHCH2-decorated carbazoles from 1-(indol-2-yl)but-3-yn-1-ols under mild conditions with a 2-fluoropyridinium salt as the Tf2CCH2 source has been attained in a straightforward and selective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Aragoncillo
- Grupo de Lactamas y Heterociclos Bioactivos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Unidad Asociada al CSIC
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | - Hikaru Yanai
- School of Pharmacy
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Shoki Hoshikawa
- School of Pharmacy
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Yuuki Fujimoto
- School of Pharmacy
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- School of Pharmacy
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
- Hachioji
- Japan
| | - Pedro Almendros
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General
- IQOG-CSIC
- 28006-Madrid
- Spain
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26
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Martínez-Lara F, Suárez A, Suárez-Pantiga S, Tapia MJ, Sanz R. Straight access to highly fluorescent angular indolocarbazoles via merging Au- and Mo-catalysis. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00405g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward and efficient synthesis of the two less explored types of indolocarbazoles has been developed giving rise to highly fluorescent compounds with fluorescence quantum yields around 0.7.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anisley Suárez
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001-Burgos
- Spain
| | | | - M. José Tapia
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001-Burgos
- Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001-Burgos
- Spain
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27
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Yaragorla S, Dada R, Bag D. An Expeditious Benzannulation Reaction of Indol-3-yl-but-3-yn-2-ols to Substituted 2-Iodocarbazoles via Domino 5-endo
Spirocyclization/Selective Vinyl Shift and Aromatization. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasarao Yaragorla
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Prof. C. R. Rao Road Gachibowli Hyderabad 500046 India
| | - Ravikrishna Dada
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Prof. C. R. Rao Road Gachibowli Hyderabad 500046 India
| | - Debojyoti Bag
- School of Chemistry; University of Hyderabad; Prof. C. R. Rao Road Gachibowli Hyderabad 500046 India
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28
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Khan A, Karim R, Dhimane H, Alam S. Mild and Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized Carbazoles via a DBU‐Assisted Sequence Involving Cu‐ and Pd‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aminur Khan
- Department of ChemistryAliah University, IIA/27, New Town Kolkata 700160 India
| | - Rejaul Karim
- Department of ChemistryAliah University, IIA/27, New Town Kolkata 700160 India
| | - Hamid Dhimane
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques - UMR 8601 CNRSUFR des Sciences Fondamentales et BiomédicalesUniversité Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères 75270 Paris Cedex 06 France
| | - Safiul Alam
- Department of ChemistryAliah University, IIA/27, New Town Kolkata 700160 India
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29
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Wang DL, Xing JJ, Liu L, Zhang L. One-Pot Synthesis of 3-(Guaiazulen-3-yl)dihydro-1H- indol-4(5H)-ones via Domino Reaction. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-14165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Yaragorla S, Bag D, Dada R, Jose KJ. Iodo-Cycloisomerization of Aryl(indol-3-yl)methane-Tethered Propargyl Alcohols to 3-Iodocarbazoles via Selective 1,2-Alkyl Migration. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15024-15034. [PMID: 31458169 PMCID: PMC6643784 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose the first report on iodo-cycloisomerization of 1-(indol-3-yl)-1-arylbut-3-yn-2-ols to form 3-iodocarbazoles. The synthesis proceeds through a cascade 5-endo-spirocyclization, followed by selective 1,2-alkyl migration. This method governs the green synthesis principles such as open-flask reaction, AcOEt as the solvent, rt reaction with short time, use of iodine, and broad substrate scope with atom and step economy.
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31
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Menkir MG, Lee SL. Density Functional Theory Study on the Mechanisms of Platinum‐ and Gold‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations of Biaryl Propargyl Alcohol and Indolyl Allenol to Phenanthrene and Carbazole. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengistu G. Menkir
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryNational Chung Cheng University Chiayi 62102 Taiwan
| | - Shyi L. Lee
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryNational Chung Cheng University Chiayi 62102 Taiwan
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32
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Cao Z, Bassani DM, Bibal B. Photoreduction of Thioether Gold(III) Complexes: Mechanistic Insight and Homogeneous Catalysis. Chemistry 2018; 24:18779-18787. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Cao
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5255Université de Bordeaux 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence France
| | - Dario M. Bassani
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5255Université de Bordeaux 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence France
| | - Brigitte Bibal
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5255Université de Bordeaux 351 cours de la Libération 33405 Talence France
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33
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Alyabyev SB, Beletskaya IP. Gold as a catalyst. Part II. Alkynes in the reactions of carbon–carbon bond formation. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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34
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Differentiating alkyne reactivity in the post-Ugi transformations: Access to polycyclic indole-fused frameworks. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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35
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Kaufmann J, Jäckel E, Haak E. Rutheniumkatalysierte Kaskadenanellierung von Indol mit Propargylalkoholen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kaufmann
- Institut für Chemie; Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg; Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Deutschland
| | - Elisabeth Jäckel
- Institut für Chemie; Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg; Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Deutschland
| | - Edgar Haak
- Institut für Chemie; Otto von Guericke Universität Magdeburg; Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Deutschland
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36
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Kaufmann J, Jäckel E, Haak E. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cascade Annulation of Indole with Propargyl Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5908-5911. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kaufmann
- Institute of Chemistry; Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg; Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Elisabeth Jäckel
- Institute of Chemistry; Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg; Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Edgar Haak
- Institute of Chemistry; Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg; Universitätsplatz 2 39106 Magdeburg Germany
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37
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Wang S. Alkaloid Synthesis via Gold-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation Using Enamine-type Nucleophile. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210023 P.R. China
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38
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Tharra P, Baire B. Regioselective Cyclization of (Indol-3-yl)pentyn-3-ols as an Approach to (Tetrahydro)carbazoles. Org Lett 2018; 20:1118-1121. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakararao Tharra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India-600036
| | - Beeraiah Baire
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India-600036
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39
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Wang H, Wang Z, Wang YL, Zhou RR, Wu GC, Yin SY, Yan X, Wang B. N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS)-Catalyzed C-H Bond Functionalization: An Annulation of Alkynes with Electron Withdrawing Group (EWG)-Substituted Acetyl Indoles for the Synthesis of Carbazoles. Org Lett 2017; 19:6140-6143. [PMID: 29094599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An N-bromosuccinimide-catalyzed intermolecular annulation of acetyl indoles with alkynes was developed, allowing for regioselective formation of valuable carbazoles through direct C-H bond functionalization. The readily available catalyst, wide substrate scope, gram scale synthesis, and mild conditions make this method practical. Mechanistic investigations indicate that the bromination of acetyl indole takes place to generate a bromide intermediate, followed by coupling with an alkyne and intramolecular cycloaromatization to furnish carbazole products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Chuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University , Haihe Education Park, 38 Tongyan Road, Tianjin 300353, People's Republic of China
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40
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Suárez A, Suárez-Pantiga S, Nieto-Faza O, Sanz R. Gold-Catalyzed Synthesis of 1-(Indol-3-yl)carbazoles: Selective 1,2-Alkyl vs 1,2-Vinyl Migration. Org Lett 2017; 19:5074-5077. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anisley Suárez
- Departamento
de Química, Área de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001-Burgos, Spain
| | - Samuel Suárez-Pantiga
- Departamento
de Química, Área de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001-Burgos, Spain
| | - Olalla Nieto-Faza
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Campus As Lagoas, 32004-Ourense, Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Departamento
de Química, Área de Química Orgánica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001-Burgos, Spain
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino Petrini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division Università di Camerino Via S. Agostino, 1. 62032 Camerino Italy
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42
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González JF, Rocchi D, Tejero T, Merino P, Menéndez JC. One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Carbazoles via a CAN-Catalyzed Multicomponent Process Comprising a C-H Activation Step. J Org Chem 2017. [PMID: 28636375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The microwave-promoted three-component reaction between o-nitrochalcones, primary amines and β-dicarbonyl compounds in the presence of Ce(IV) ammonium nitrate constitutes the first example of a multicomponent carbazole synthesis. This reaction furnishes highly substituted and functionalized carbazole derivatives via a double annulation process that generates two C-C and two C-N bonds, with water as the only side product. Mechanistically, this transformation has some unusual features that include an intramolecular coupled hydrogenation-dehydrogenation process, the functionalization of a C-H group by direct attack onto a nitrogen function and a CAN-catalyzed reduction via hydride transfer from ethanol. The mechanisms of these reactions were studied with the aid of computational techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F González
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad Complutense, Facutad de Farmacia , Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s.n., 28010 Madrid, Spain
| | - Damiano Rocchi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad Complutense, Facutad de Farmacia , Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s.n., 28010 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Tejero
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza, CSIC , 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pedro Merino
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Fisica de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza , 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad Complutense, Facutad de Farmacia , Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s.n., 28010 Madrid, Spain
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43
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Alimi I, Remy R, Bochet CG. Photochemical C-H Activation: Generation of Indole and Carbazole Libraries, and First Total Synthesis of Clausenawalline D. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isak Alimi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Fribourg; 9 Chemin du Musée 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Richard Remy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Fribourg; 9 Chemin du Musée 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Christian G. Bochet
- Department of Chemistry; University of Fribourg; 9 Chemin du Musée 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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44
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Li L, Chen XM, Wang ZS, Zhou B, Liu X, Lu X, Ye LW. Reversal of Regioselectivity in Catalytic Arene-Ynamide Cyclization: Direct Synthesis of Valuable Azepino[4,5-b]indoles and β-Carbolines and DFT Calculations. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Fujian Provincial Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Chen
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Fujian Provincial Key
Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ze-Shu Wang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Fujian Provincial Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Fujian Provincial Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Fujian Provincial Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Fujian Provincial Key
Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department
of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Fujian Provincial Key
Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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45
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Choi S, Srinivasulu V, Ha S, Park CM. Synthesis of carbazoles based on gold-copper tandem catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3481-3484. [PMID: 28276553 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00103g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthetic method for carbazoles has been developed employing diazo anilinoalkynes as substrates. Sequential activation of the orthogonal functional groups embedded in diazo anilinoalkyne substrates by tandem gold-copper catalysis leads to the formation of highly substituted carbazoles. Substrate scope reveals a broad tolerability toward the substitution on aryl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology), Ulsan 44919, Korea.
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46
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Zhou J, Qiu Y, Li J, Fu C, Zhang X, Ma S. PtCl4-catalyzed skeleton rearrangement–cyclization of tertiary indolyl-3-alkynols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4722-4725. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00352h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A unique PtCl4-catalyzed cyclization of tertiary indol-2-yl-3-alkynols provides an efficient access to potentially useful poly-substituted carbazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Youai Qiu
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Junzhao Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Fu
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shengming Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
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47
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Han L, Nie L, Liu T. The regioselectivity in the platinum-catalyzed domino reaction to access alkynylated indoles: a theoretical study. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03063k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The origin of substrate-controlled regioselectivity was rationalized by NBO analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Han
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jining University
- Qufu 273155
- China
| | - Ling Nie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jining University
- Qufu 273155
- China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Jining University
- Qufu 273155
- China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
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48
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Dagar A, Biswas S, M.Mobin S, Samanta S. An Efficient, Solvent-Free and Green One-Pot Protocol for the Rapid Access to Polyfunctionalized Carbazoles. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Dagar
- Discipline of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Indore; Simrol 453552 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Soumen Biswas
- Discipline of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Indore; Simrol 453552 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Shaikh M.Mobin
- Discipline of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Indore; Simrol 453552 Madhya Pradesh India
| | - Sampak Samanta
- Discipline of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Indore; Simrol 453552 Madhya Pradesh India
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49
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Guo B, Huang X, Fu C, Ma S. Carbazoles from the [4C+2C] Reaction of 2,3-Allenols with Indoles. Chemistry 2016; 22:18343-18348. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binjie Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang P.R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang P.R. China
| | - Chunling Fu
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang P.R. China
| | - Shengming Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 Zhejiang P.R. China
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50
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Pal S, Choudhary D, Jainth M, Kumar S, Tiwari RK, Verma AK. Regio- and Stereoselective Domino Synthesis of Oxazolo Fused Pyridoindoles and Benzofurooxazolo Pyridines from ortho-Alkynylarylaldehydes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9356-9371. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Pal
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Deepak Choudhary
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Mohit Jainth
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Sonu Kumar
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rakesh K. Tiwari
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, 9401
Jeronimo Road, Irvine, California 92618, United States
| | - Akhilesh K. Verma
- Synthetic
Organic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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