1
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Nielsen CJ, Laan PCM, Plessius R, Reek JNH, van der Vlugt JI, Pullen S. Probing the influence of substrate binding on photocatalytic dehalogenation with a heteroleptic supramolecular [M 4L a2L b2] square containing PDI photosensitizers as ligands. Faraday Discuss 2023; 244:199-209. [PMID: 37186104 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00179a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis is a valuable tool in a large variety of chemical reactions. Main challenges still to be overcome are photodegradation of photocatalysts and substrates, short lifetimes of reactive intermediates, and selectivity issues due to unwanted side reactions. A potential solution to these challenges is the pre-organization of the photosensitizer, substrate and (co)-catalyst in supramolecular self-assembled structures. In such architectures, (organic) dyes can be stabilized, and higher selectivity could potentially be achieved through pre-organizing desired reaction partners via non-covalent interactions. Perylene diimide (PDI) is an organic dye, which can be readily reduced to its mono- and dianion. Excitation of both anions leads to highly reducing excited states, which are able to reduce a variety of substrates via single electron transfer. The incorporation of PDI into a heteroleptic [M4La2Lb2] supramolecular square has been recently demonstrated. Herein we investigate its photophysical properties and demonstrate that incorporated PDI indeed features photocatalytic activity. Initial results suggest that the pre-organisation by binding positively affects the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jasslie Nielsen
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94720, 1090 GS Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Petrus C M Laan
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94720, 1090 GS Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Raoul Plessius
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94720, 1090 GS Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Joost N H Reek
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94720, 1090 GS Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94720, 1090 GS Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Bioinspired Coordination Chemistry & Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Pullen
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94720, 1090 GS Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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2
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Plessius R, Deij V, Reek JNH, van der Vlugt JI. Redox-Active Supramolecular Heteroleptic M 4 L 2 L' 2 Assemblies with Tunable Interior Binding Site. Chemistry 2020; 26:13241-13248. [PMID: 32428350 PMCID: PMC7693204 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Three Pt4 L2 L'2 heteroleptic rectangles (1-3), containing ditopic redox-active bis-pyridine functionalized perylene bisimide (PBI) ligands PBI-pyr2 (L) are reported. Co-ligand L' is a dicarboxylate spacer of varying length, leading to modified overall size of the assemblies. 1 H NMR spectroscopy reveals a trend in the splitting and upfield chemical shift of the PBI-hydrogens in the rectangles with respect to free PBI, most pronounced with the largest strut length (3) and least with the smallest strut length (1). This is attributed to increased rotational freedom of the PBI-pyr2 ligand over its longitudinal axis (Npy -Npy ), due to increased distance between the PBI-surfaces, which is corroborated by VT-NMR measurements and DFT calculations. The intramolecular motion entails desymmetrization of the two PBI-ligands, in line with cyclic voltammetry (CV) data. The first (overall two-electron) reduction event and re-oxidation for 1 display a subtle peak-to-peak splitting of 60 mV, whilst increased splitting of this event is observed for 2 and 3. The binding of pyrene in 1 is probed to establish proof of concept of host-guest chemistry enabled by the two PBI-motifs. Fitting the binding curve obtained by 1 H NMR titration with a 1:1 complex formation model led to a binding constant of 964±55 m-1 . Pyrene binding is shown to directly influence the redox-chemistry of 1, resulting in a cathodic and anodic shift of approximately 46 mV on the first and second reduction event, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Plessius
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of Amsterdam (UvA)Science Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Vera Deij
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of Amsterdam (UvA)Science Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of Amsterdam (UvA)Science Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS)University of Amsterdam (UvA)Science Park 9041098 XHAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Current address: Institute of ChemistryCarl von Ossietzky University OldenburgCarl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9–1126129OldenburgGermany
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3
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Wang X, Anton N, Ashokkumar P, Anton H, Fam TK, Vandamme T, Klymchenko AS, Collot M. Optimizing the Fluorescence Properties of Nanoemulsions for Single Particle Tracking in Live Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:13079-13090. [PMID: 30844230 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoemulsions (NEs) are biocompatible lipid nanoparticles composed of an oily core stabilized by a surfactant shell. It is acknowledged that the surface decoration with poly(ethylene glycol), through the use of nonionic surfactants, confers high stealth in biological medium with reduced nonspecific interactions. Tracking individual NE by fluorescence microscopy techniques would lead to a better understanding of their behavior in cells and thus require the development of bright single particles with enhanced photostability. However, the understanding of the relationship between the physicochemical properties and chemical composition of the NEs, on the one hand, and its fluorescence properties of encapsulated dyes, on the other hand, remains limited. Herein, we synthesized three new dioxaborine barbituryl styryl (DBS) dyes that displayed high molar extinction coefficients (up to 120 000 M-1 cm-1) with relatively low quantum yields in solvents and impressive fluorescence enhancement when dissolved in viscous oils (up to 0.98). The reported screening of nine different oils allowed disclosing a range of efficient "oil/dye" couples and understanding the main parameters that lead to the brightest NEs. We determine vitamin E acetate/DBS-C8 as the representative most efficient couple, combining high dye loading capabilities and low aggregation-induced quenching, leading to <50 nm ultrabright NEs (with brightness as high as 30 × 106 M-1 cm-1) with negligible dye leakage in biological media. Beyond a comprehensive optical and physicochemical characterization of fluorescent NEs, cellular two-photon excitation imaging was performed with polymer-coated cell penetrating NEs. Thanks to their impressive brightness and photostability, NEs displaying different charge surfaces were microinjected in HeLa cells and were individually tracked in the cytosol to study their relative velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199 , F-67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Nicolas Anton
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199 , F-67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Pichandi Ashokkumar
- Laboratory of Biophotonic and Pathologies , CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg , Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Halina Anton
- Laboratory of Biophotonic and Pathologies , CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg , Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Tkhe Kyong Fam
- Laboratory of Biophotonic and Pathologies , CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg , Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Thierry Vandamme
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, CAMB UMR 7199 , F-67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratory of Biophotonic and Pathologies , CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg , Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Laboratory of Biophotonic and Pathologies , CNRS UMR 7021, Université de Strasbourg , Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
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Rocard L, Wragg D, Jobbins SA, Luciani L, Wouters J, Leoni S, Bonifazi D. Templated Chromophore Assembly on Peptide Scaffolds: A Structural Evolution. Chemistry 2018; 24:16136-16148. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lou Rocard
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
| | - Darren Wragg
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
| | | | - Lorenzo Luciani
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
| | - Johan Wouters
- Department of Chemistry; University of Namur (UNamur); 61, rue de Bruxelles Namur 5000 Belgium
| | - Stefano Leoni
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
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Collot M, Fam TK, Ashokkumar P, Faklaris O, Galli T, Danglot L, Klymchenko AS. Ultrabright and Fluorogenic Probes for Multicolor Imaging and Tracking of Lipid Droplets in Cells and Tissues. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5401-5411. [PMID: 29446627 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular lipid-rich organelles that regulate the storage of neutral lipids and were recently found to be involved in many physiological processes, metabolic disorders, and diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cancers. Herein we present a family of new fluorogenic merocyanine fluorophores based on an indolenine moiety and a dioxaborine barbiturate derivative. These so-called StatoMerocyanines (SMCy) fluoresce from yellow to the near-infrared (NIR) in oil with an impressive fluorescence enhancement compared to aqueous media. Additionally, SMCy display remarkably high molar extinction coefficients (up to 390 000 M-1 cm-1) and high quantum yield values (up to 100%). All the members of this new family specifically stain the LDs in live cells with very low background noise. Unlike Nile Red, a well-known lipid droplet marker, SMCy dyes possess narrow absorption and emission bands in the visible, thus allowing multicolor imaging. SMCy proved to be compatible with fixation and led to high-quality 3D images of lipid droplets in cells and tissues. Their high brightness allowed efficient tissue imaging of adipocytes and circulating LDs. Moreover their remarkably high two-photon absorption cross-section, especially SMCy5.5 (up to 13 300 GM), as well as their capacity to efficiently fluoresce in the NIR region led to two-photon multicolor tissue imaging (liver). Taking advantage of the available color palette, lipid droplet exchange between cells was tracked and imaged, thus demonstrating intercellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, CNRS UMR 7213 , Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie , 74, Route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Tkhe Kyong Fam
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, CNRS UMR 7213 , Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie , 74, Route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Pichandi Ashokkumar
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, CNRS UMR 7213 , Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie , 74, Route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
| | - Orestis Faklaris
- ImagoSeine Core Facility, Institut Jacques Monod , Université Paris Diderot/CNRS, UMR 7593 , 15 Rue Hélène Brion , 75205 Paris CEDEX 13 , France
| | - Thierry Galli
- INSERM U894 , Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, "Membrane Traffic in Health and Diseased Brain" Team , 102-108 Rue de la Santé , 75014 Paris , France.,Université Paris Descartes , 75014 Paris , France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- INSERM U894 , Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, "Membrane Traffic in Health and Diseased Brain" Team , 102-108 Rue de la Santé , 75014 Paris , France.,Université Paris Descartes , 75014 Paris , France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, CNRS UMR 7213 , Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie , 74, Route du Rhin , 67401 Illkirch , France
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6
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Lewandowska U, Zajaczkowski W, Corra S, Tanabe J, Borrmann R, Benetti EM, Stappert S, Watanabe K, Ochs NAK, Schaeublin R, Li C, Yashima E, Pisula W, Müllen K, Wennemers H. A triaxial supramolecular weave. Nat Chem 2017; 9:1068-1072. [PMID: 29064493 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the synthesis of increasingly complex topologies at the molecular level, nano- and microscopic weaves have remained difficult to achieve. Only a few diaxial molecular weaves exist-these were achieved by templation with metals. Here, we present an extended triaxial supramolecular weave that consists of self-assembled organic threads. Each thread is formed by the self-assembly of a building block comprising a rigid oligoproline segment with two perylene-monoimide chromophores spaced at 18 Å. Upon π stacking of the chromophores, threads form that feature alternating up- and down-facing voids at regular distances. These voids accommodate incoming building blocks and establish crossing points through CH-π interactions on further assembly of the threads into a triaxial woven superstructure. The resulting micrometre-scale supramolecular weave proved to be more robust than non-woven self-assemblies of the same building block. The uniform hexagonal pores of the interwoven network were able to host iridium nanoparticles, which may be of interest for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Lewandowska
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefano Corra
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Junki Tanabe
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Ruediger Borrmann
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Edmondo M Benetti
- Department of Materials, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Stappert
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Nellie A K Ochs
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robin Schaeublin
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zürich, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chen Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eiji Yashima
- Department of Molecular Design and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Helma Wennemers
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Shao Y, Yin GZ, Ren X, Zhang X, Wang J, Guo K, Li X, Wesdemiotis C, Zhang WB, Yang S, Zhu M, Sun B. Engineering π–π interactions for enhanced photoluminescent properties: unique discrete dimeric packing of perylene diimides. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28147h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reports the unique dimeric packing of POSS-PDI-POSS shape amphiphile which has great enhanced photoluminescent properties in the crystals compared with the more amorphous solid state.
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8
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Venkatesan S, Sun J, Zhang L, Dubey A, Sykes A, Lin TY, Hung YC, Qiao Q, Zhang C. An oligothiophene chromophore with a macrocyclic side chain: synthesis, morphology, charge transport, and photovoltaic performance. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21681a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chromophores tend to form crystals beyond nanometer sizes upon thermal aging. A novel ring-protection structure has shown promise to solve morphological stability problem of solution-processed small molecule solar cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jianyuan Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- South Dakota State University
- USA
| | - Lianjie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- South Dakota State University
- USA
| | - Ashish Dubey
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- South Dakota State University
- USA
| | - Andrew Sykes
- Department of Chemistry
- University of South Dakota
- Vermillion
- USA
| | - Ting-Yu Lin
- Institute of Photonics Technologies
- National Tsing Hua University
- Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chueh Hung
- Institute of Photonics Technologies
- National Tsing Hua University
- Taiwan
| | - Qiquan Qiao
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- South Dakota State University
- USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- South Dakota State University
- USA
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9
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Suzuki H, Inoue R, Kawamorita S, Komiya N, Imada Y, Naota T. Highly fluorescent flavins: rational molecular design for quenching protection based on repulsive and attractive control of molecular alignment. Chemistry 2015; 21:9171-8. [PMID: 25962532 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Unprecedented intense fluorescent emission was observed for a variety of flavin compounds bearing a perpendicular cyclic imide moiety at the C7 position of an isoalloxazine platform. A series of alloxan-substituted flavins was prepared selectively by reduction of the corresponding N-aryl-2-nitro-5-alkoxyanilines with zinc dust and subsequent reaction with alloxan monohydrate in the presence of boric acid. Analogues bearing oxazolidine-2,4-dione functionality were obtained on methylation of the alloxan-substituted flavins with methyl iodide and subsequent rearrangement in the presence of an inorganic base. The flavin compounds exhibit intense white-green fluorescent emission in the solution state under UV excitation at 298 K, with emission efficiencies Φ298 K greater than 0.55 in CH3 CN, which are higher than the values for all reported flavin compounds under similar conditions. The highest Φ298 K value of 0.70 was obtained in CH3 CN for isoalloxazine bearing C7-alloxan and N10-2,6-diisopropylphenyl groups. The temperature dependence of the emission intensities indicates that the pronounced emission properties at 298 K are attributable to the highly heat resistant properties towards emission decay with increasing temperature. Mechanistic studies, including X-ray diffraction analysis, revealed that the good emission properties and high heat resistance of the alloxan-substituted flavins are due to a synergetic effect of the associative nature of the C7-alloxan unit and the repulsive nature of the perpendicular bulky substituents at the C7 and N10 positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 (Japan)
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 (Japan)
| | - Soichiro Kawamorita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 (Japan)
| | - Naruyoshi Komiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 (Japan)
| | - Yasushi Imada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 (Japan).,Present address: Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University, Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506 (Japan)
| | - Takeshi Naota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531 (Japan).
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Hartlieb KJ, Witus LS, Ferris DP, Basuray AN, Algaradah MM, Sarjeant AA, Stern CL, Nassar MS, Botros YY, Stoddart JF. Anticancer activity expressed by a library of 2,9-diazaperopyrenium dications. ACS NANO 2015; 9:1461-1470. [PMID: 25555133 PMCID: PMC4344210 DOI: 10.1021/nn505895j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyaromatic compounds are well-known to intercalate DNA. Numerous anticancer chemotherapeutics have been developed upon the basis of this recognition motif. The compounds have been designed such that they interfere with the role of the topoisomerases, which control the topology of DNA during the cell-division cycle. Although many promising chemotherapeutics have been developed upon the basis of polyaromatic DNA intercalating systems, these candidates did not proceed past clinical trials on account of their dose-limiting toxicity. Herein, we discuss an alternative, water-soluble class of polyaromatic compounds, the 2,9-diazaperopyrenium dications, and report in vitro cell studies for a library of these dications. These investigations reveal that a number of 2,9-diazaperopyrenium dications show similar activities as doxorubicin toward a variety of cancer cell lines. Additionally, we report the solid-state structures of these dications, and we relate their tendency to aggregate in solution to their toxicity profiles. The addition of bulky substituents to these polyaromatic dications decreases their tendency to aggregate in solution. The derivative substituted with 2,6-diisopropylphenyl groups proved to be the most cytotoxic against the majority of the cell lines tested. In the solid state, the 2,6-diisopropylphenyl-functionalized derivative does not undergo π···π stacking, while in aqueous solution, dynamic light scattering reveals that this derivative forms very small (50-100 nm) aggregates, in contrast with the larger ones formed by dications with less bulky substituents. Alteration of the aromaticitiy in the terminal heterocycles of selected dications reveals a drastic change in the toxicity of these polyaromatic species toward specific cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel J. Hartlieb
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leah S. Witus
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Daniel P. Ferris
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ashish N. Basuray
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mohammed M. Algaradah
- Joint Center of Excellence in Integrated Nano-Systems (JCIN), King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6068, Riyadh 11442, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia
| | - Amy A. Sarjeant
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charlotte L. Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Majed S. Nassar
- Joint Center of Excellence in Integrated Nano-Systems (JCIN), King Abdul-Aziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6068, Riyadh 11442, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia
| | - Youssry Y. Botros
- University Research Office, Intel Corporation, Building RNB-6-61, 2200 Mission College Boulevard, Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Frischmann PD, Kunz V, Stepanenko V, Würthner F. Subcomponent Self-Assembly of a 4 nm M4L6Tetrahedron with ZnIIVertices and Perylene Bisimide Dye Edges. Chemistry 2015; 21:2766-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Lewandowska U, Zajaczkowski W, Chen L, Bouillière F, Wang D, Koynov K, Pisula W, Müllen K, Wennemers H. Hierarchical supramolecular assembly of sterically demanding π-systems by conjugation with oligoprolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12537-41. [PMID: 25303332 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly from flexible worm-like threads via bundles of rigid fibers to nanosheets and nanotubes was achieved by covalent conjugation of perylene monoimide (PMI) chromophores with oligoprolines of increasing length. Whereas the chromophoric π-system and the peptidic building block do not self-aggregate, the covalent conjugates furnish well-ordered supramolecular structures with a common wall/fiber thickness. Their morphology is controlled by the number of repeat units and can be tuned by seemingly subtle structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Lewandowska
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
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13
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Lewandowska U, Zajaczkowski W, Chen L, Bouillière F, Wang D, Koynov K, Pisula W, Müllen K, Wennemers H. Hierarchical Supramolecular Assembly of Sterically Demanding π-Systems by Conjugation with Oligoprolines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Chaolumen, Enno H, Murata M, Wakamiya A, Murata Y. Dibenzo[a,f]perylene Bisimide: Effects of Introducing Two Fused Rings. Chem Asian J 2014; 9:3136-40. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201402688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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