1
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Zhao S, Zhang T, Kan Y, Li H, Li JP. Overview of the current procedures in synthesis of heparin saccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122220. [PMID: 38823902 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Natural heparin, a glycosaminoglycan consisting of repeating hexuronic acid and glucosamine linked by 1 → 4 glycosidic bonds, is the most widely used anticoagulant. To subvert the dependence on animal sourced heparin, alternative methods to produce heparin saccharides, i.e., either heterogenous sugar chains similar to natural heparin, or structurally defined oligosaccharides, are becoming hot subjects. Although the success by chemical synthesis of the pentasaccharide, fondaparinux, encourages to proceed through a chemical approach generating homogenous product, synthesizing larger oligos is still cumbersome and beyond reach so far. Alternatively, the chemoenzymatic pathway exhibited exquisite stereoselectivity of glycosylation and regioselectivity of modification, with the advantage to skip the tedious protection steps unavoidable in chemical synthesis. However, to a scale of drug production needed today is still not in sight. In comparison, a procedure of de novo biosynthesis in an organism could be an ultimate goal. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the current available/developing strategies and techniques, which is expected to provide a comprehensive picture for production of heparin saccharides to replenish or eventually to replace the animal derived products. In chemical and chemoenzymatic approaches, the methodologies are discussed according to the synthesis procedures: building block preparation, chain elongation, and backbone modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siran Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianji Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Kan
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
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2
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Wu J, Purushothaman R, Kallert F, Homölle SL, Ackermann L. Electrochemical Glycosylation via Halogen-Atom-Transfer for C-Glycoside Assembly. ACS Catal 2024; 14:11532-11544. [PMID: 39114086 PMCID: PMC11301629 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Glycosyl donor activation emerged as an enabling technology for anomeric functionalization, but aimed primarily at O-glycosylation. In contrast, we herein disclose mechanistically distinct electrochemical glycosyl bromide donor activations via halogen-atom transfer and anomeric C-glycosylation. The anomeric radical addition to alkenes led to C-alkyl glycoside synthesis under precious metal-free reaction conditions from readily available glycosyl bromides. The robustness of our e-XAT strategy was further mirrored by C-aryl and C-acyl glycosides assembly through nickela-electrocatalysis. Our approach provides an orthogonal strategy for glycosyl donor activation with expedient scope, hence representing a general method for direct C-glycosides assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Felix Kallert
- Wöhler-Research Institute
for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Tammannstraße
2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Simon L. Homölle
- Wöhler-Research Institute
for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Tammannstraße
2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Wöhler-Research Institute
for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Tammannstraße
2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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3
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Kashiwagi GA, Petrosilli L, Escopy S, Lay L, Stine KJ, De Meo C, Demchenko AV. HPLC-Based Automated Synthesis and Purification of Carbohydrates. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401214. [PMID: 38684455 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Reported herein is a new HPLC-based automated synthesizer (HPLC-A) capable of a temperature-controlled synthesis and purification of carbohydrates. The developed platform allows to perform various protecting group manipulations as well as the synthesis of O- and N-glycosides. A fully automated synthesis and purification was showcased in application to different carbohydrate derivatives including glycosides, oligosaccharides, glycopeptides, glycolipids, and nucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A Kashiwagi
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501Laclede Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103, USA
| | - Laura Petrosilli
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501Laclede Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Samira Escopy
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501Laclede Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA
| | - Luigi Lay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 19, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Keith J Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA
| | - Cristina De Meo
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 1 Hairpin Dr., Edwardsville, Illinois, 62025, USA
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501Laclede Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103, USA
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4
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Rahman MA, Endo H, Yamamoto T, Okushiba S, Sasaki N, Nokami T. Synthesis of cyclic β-1,6-oligosaccharides from glucosamine monomers by electrochemical polyglycosylation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1421-1427. [PMID: 38952959 PMCID: PMC11216080 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of protected precursors of cyclic β-1,6-oligoglucosamines from thioglycosides as monomers is performed by electrochemical polyglycosylation. The monomer with a 2,3-oxazolidinone protecting group afforded the cyclic disaccharide exclusively. Cyclic oligosaccharides up to the trisaccharide were obtained using the monomer with a 2-azido-2-deoxy group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Azadur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Endo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
| | - Shoma Okushiba
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
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5
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Qin C, Tian G, Hu J, Zou X, Yin J. Recent chemical synthesis and immunological evaluation of glycans related to bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 78:102424. [PMID: 38168589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
O-Antigens and core oligosaccharides from bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are often structurally unique and immunologically active, have become attractive targets in the development of antibacterial vaccines. Structurally well-defined and pure oligosaccharides can be used in identifying protective epitopes of the carbohydrate antigens, which is important for the design of an effective vaccine. Here, the recent progress on chemical synthesis and immunological evaluation of glycans related to O-antigens and core oligosaccharides from bacterial LPS are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guangzong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Lihu Avenue 1800, Wuxi 214122, China.
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6
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Shibuya A, Ishisaka Y, Saito A, Kato M, Manmode S, Komatsu H, Rahman MA, Sasaki N, Itoh T, Nokami T. Electrochemical synthesis of the protected cyclic (1,3;1,6)-β-glucan dodecasaccharide. Faraday Discuss 2023; 247:59-69. [PMID: 37466008 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Automated electrochemical assembly is an electrochemical method to synthesise middle-sized molecules, including linear oligosaccharides, and some linear oligosaccharides can be electrochemically converted into the corresponding cyclic oligosaccharides effectively. In this study, the target cyclic oligosaccharide is a protected cyclic (1,3;1,6)-β-glucan dodecasaccharide, which consists of two types of glucose trisaccharides with β-(1,3)- and β-(1,6)-glycosidic linkages. The formation of the protected cyclic dodecasaccharide was confirmed by the electrochemical one-pot dimerisation-cyclisation of the semi-circular hexasaccharide. The yield of the protected cyclic dodecasaccharide was improved by using a stepwise synthesis via the linear dodecasaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Shibuya
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Japan.
| | - Yui Ishisaka
- Graduate School of Sustainable Science, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Asuka Saito
- Graduate School of Sustainable Science, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Moeko Kato
- Graduate School of Sustainable Science, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Sujit Manmode
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Komatsu
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, Japan
| | | | - Norihiko Sasaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Japan.
- Centre for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Itoh
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Japan.
- Centre for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Japan.
- Centre for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, Japan
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7
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Liu Y, Huang Y, Zhu R, Farag MA, Capanoglu E, Zhao C. Structural elucidation approaches in carbohydrates: A comprehensive review on techniques and future trends. Food Chem 2023; 400:134118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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8
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Towards one-pot selective synthesis of cyclic oligosaccharides. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2022; 82:1-10. [PMID: 36470646 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter are described electrochemical routes to cyclic oligosaccharides. While automated electrochemical methods have been used to prepare linear oligosaccharides, their conversion to cyclic oligosaccharides proved to be a complex process. The concept of polyglycosylation offers an interesting alternative, and the process which has been developed is that of a one-pot electrochemical polyglycosylation-isomerization-cyclization (ePIC) process.
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9
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Tsouka A, Dallabernardina P, Mende M, Sletten ET, Leichnitz S, Bienert K, Le Mai Hoang K, Seeberger PH, Loeffler FF. VaporSPOT: Parallel Synthesis of Oligosaccharides on Membranes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19832-19837. [PMID: 36269942 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Automated chemical synthesis has revolutionized synthetic access to biopolymers in terms of simplicity and speed. While automated oligosaccharide synthesis has become faster and more versatile, the parallel synthesis of oligosaccharides is not yet possible. Here, a chemical vapor glycosylation strategy (VaporSPOT) is described that enables the simultaneous synthesis of oligosaccharides on a cellulose membrane solid support. Different linkers allow for flexible and straightforward cleavage, purification, and characterization of the target oligosaccharides. This method is the basis for the development of parallel automated glycan synthesis platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tsouka
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pietro Dallabernardina
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marco Mende
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Eric T Sletten
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sabrina Leichnitz
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Bienert
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kim Le Mai Hoang
- GlycoUniverse GmbH & Co. KGaA, Am Muehlenberg 11, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix F Loeffler
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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10
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Cheng H, Wang PG. Machine assembly of carbohydrates with more than 1,000 sugar units. Nature 2022; 610:266-267. [PMID: 36175562 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-022-02927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Rahman MA, Kuroda K, Endo H, Sasaki N, Hamada T, Sakai H, Nokami T. Synthesis of protected precursors of chitin oligosaccharides by electrochemical polyglycosylation of thioglycosides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1133-1139. [PMID: 36105733 PMCID: PMC9443410 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of protected precursors of chitin oligosaccharides by electrochemical polyglycosylation of thioglycosides as monomer is described. Oligosaccharides up to the hexasaccharide were synthesized under optimized reaction conditions. Further, a modified method enabled the synthesis of oligosaccharides up to the octasaccharide by repeating electrolysis with additional monomers. The mechanism of the electrochemical polyglycosylation is also discussed, based on the oxidation potential of the monomer and oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Azadur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori City, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
| | - Kana Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori City, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Endo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori City, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori City, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori City, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hamada
- Koganei Corporation, 3-11-28 Midorimachi, Koganei City, 184-8533 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiraku Sakai
- Koganei Corporation, 3-11-28 Midorimachi, Koganei City, 184-8533 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori City, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori City, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
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12
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Escopy S, Singh Y, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. HPLC-Based Automated Synthesis of Glycans in Solution. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201180. [PMID: 35513346 PMCID: PMC9403992 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As the 21st century unfolds with rapid changes, new challenges in research and development emerge. These new challenges prompted us to repurpose our HPLC-A platform that was previously used in solid phase glycan synthesis to a solution phase batch synthesis described herein. The modular character of HPLC allows for implementing new attachments. To enable sequential synthesis of multiple oligosaccharides with the single press of a button, we supplemented our system with a four-way split valve and an automated fraction collector. This enabled the operator to load all reagents and all reactants in the autosampler, press the button to start the repetitive automation sequence, leave the lab, and upon return find products of multiple reactions ready for purification, analysis, and subsequent application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Escopy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103, USA
| | - Yashapal Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA
| | - Keith J Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri, 63121, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave, St. Louis, Missouri, 63103, USA
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13
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Endo H, Ochi M, Rahman MA, Hamada T, Kawano T, Nokami T. Synthesis of cyclic α-1,4-oligo- N-acetylglucosamine 'cyclokasaodorin' via a one-pot electrochemical polyglycosylation-isomerization-cyclization process. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7948-7951. [PMID: 35748909 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02287g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical synthesis of unnatural cyclic oligosaccharides composed of N-acetylglucosamine with α-1,4-glycosidic linkages has been accomplished. A thioglycoside monomer equipped with the 2,3-oxazolidinone protecting group was used to prepare linear oligosaccharides by electrochemical polyglycosylation. In the same pot, isomerization of the linear oligosaccharides and intramolecular electrochemical glycosylation for cyclization were also conducted sequentially to obtain the precursor of the cyclic α-1,4-oligo-N-acetylglucosamine 'cyclokasaodorin'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Endo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho Minami, Tottori City, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan.
| | - Masaharu Ochi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho Minami, Tottori City, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan.
| | - Md Azadur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho Minami, Tottori City, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Hamada
- Koganei Corporation, 3-11-28 Midorimachi, Koganei City, 184-8533 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawano
- Koganei Corporation, 3-11-28 Midorimachi, Koganei City, 184-8533 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho Minami, Tottori City, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan. .,Centre for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho Minami, Tottori City, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
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15
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Abstract
A voltammetric study of a series of alkyl and aryl S-glucosides unveiled the reactivity patterns of alkyl S-glucosides toward anodic oxidation and found noteworthy differences with the trends followed by aryl derivatives. The oxidation potential of alkyl S-glucosides, estimated herein from square-wave voltammetry peak potentials (Ep), depends on the steric properties of the aglycone. Glucosides substituted with bulky groups exhibit Ep values at voltages more positive than the values of those carrying small aglycones. This relationship, observed in all analyzed alkyl series, is evidenced by good linear correlations between Ep and Taft's steric parameters (ES) of the respective alkyl substituents. Moreover, the role of the aglycone's steric properties as a primary reactivity modulator is backed by poor correlations between Ep and the radical stabilization energies (RSEs) of the aglycone-derived thiyl radicals (RS•). In contrast, aryl glucosides' Ep values exhibit excellent correlations with the aryl substituents' Hammett parameters (σ+) and the ArS• RSEs, evidencing the inherent stability of the reactive radical intermediate as the primary factor controlling aryl glucoside's electrochemical reactivity. The reactivity differences between alkyl and aryl S-glucosides also extend to the protective group's effect on Ep. Alkyl S-glucosides' reactivity proved to be more sensitive to protective group exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh Deore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York 11439, United States
| | - Joseph E Ocando
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York 11439, United States.,Department of Chemistry, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York 11439, United States
| | - Lan D Pham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York 11439, United States.,Department of Chemistry, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York 11439, United States
| | - Carlos A Sanhueza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York 11439, United States
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16
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Small tools for sweet challenges: advances in microfluidic technologies for glycan synthesis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5139-5163. [PMID: 35199190 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Glycans, including oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, play an integral role in modulating the biological functions of macromolecules. Many physiological and pathological processes are mediated by interactions between glycans, which has led to the use of glycans as biosensors for pathogen and biomarker detection. Elucidating the relationship between glycan structure and biological function is critical for advancing our understanding of the impact glycans have on human health and disease and for expanding the repertoire of glycans available for bioanalysis, especially for diagnostics. Such efforts have been limited by the difficulty in obtaining sufficient quantities of homogenous glycan samples needed to resolve the exact relationships between glycan structure and their structural or modulatory functions on a given glycoconjugate. Synthetic strategies offer a viable route for overcoming these technical hurdles. In recent years, microfluidics have emerged as powerful tools for realizing high-throughput and reproducible syntheses of homogenous glycans for the potential use in functional studies. This critical review provides readers with an overview of the microfluidic technologies that have been developed for chemical and enzymatic glycan synthesis. The advantages and limitations associated with using microreactor platforms to improve the scalability, productivity, and selectivity of glycosylation reactions will be discussed, as well as suggested future work that can address certain pitfalls.
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17
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Wang J, Feng Y, Sun T, Zhang Q, Chai Y. Photolabile 2-(2-Nitrophenyl)-propyloxycarbonyl (NPPOC) for Stereoselective Glycosylation and Its Application in Consecutive Assembly of Oligosaccharides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3402-3421. [PMID: 35171610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A photolabile protecting group (PPG) 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-propyloxycarbonyl (NPPOC) was explored in glycosylation and applied in the consecutive synthesis of oligosaccharides. NPPOC displays a strong neighboring group participation (NGP) effect to facilitate the construction of 1,2-trans glycosides in excellent yield. Notably, NPPOC could be efficiently removed by photolysis, and the deprotection conditions are friendly to typical protecting groups. A branched and asymmetric oligomannose Man6 was rapidly prepared, and the consecutive assembly of oligosaccharides without intermediate purification was further investigated owing to the compatibility conditions between NPPPOC's photolysis and glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yingle Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Taotao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yonghai Chai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
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18
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Sutar Y, Vangala M, Hotha S. Silver-assisted gold-catalyzed solid phase synthesis of linear and branched oligosaccharides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:641-644. [PMID: 34918719 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06270k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Unlike solid phase synthesis of peptides, synthesis of oligosaccharides by solid phase methods is lagging behind owing to inherent challenges faced while executing glycosidations. In this communication, silver-assisted gold-catalyzed glycosidations are found to be excellent for solid phase oligosaccharide synthesis. Glycosidations under catalytic conditions, one time coupling with four equivalents of donor, reactions in less than 30 min at 25 °C and on-resin deprotection of silyl and benzoate protecting groups are the salient features. Photocleaved glycans possess a protected amino functionality that can be utilized for bioconjugation. The versatility of this approach is established by synthesizing linear and branched pentaarabinofuranosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Sutar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411 008, India.
| | - Madhuri Vangala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411 008, India.
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411 008, India.
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19
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Munda M, Niyogi S, Shaw K, Kundu S, Nandi R, Bisai A. Electrocatalysis as a key strategy for the total synthesis of natural products. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:727-748. [PMID: 34989383 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02115j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical strategies have been a powerful approach for the synthesis of valuable intermediates, in particular heterocyclic motifs. Because of the mild nature, a wide range of nonclassical bond disconnections have been achieved via in situ-generated radical intermediates in a highly efficient manner. In particular, anodic electrochemical oxidative strategies have been utilized for the total synthesis of many structurally intriguing natural products. In this review article, we have discussed a number of total syntheses of structurally intriguing alkaloids and terpenoids in which electrochemical processes play an important role as a key methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintu Munda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sovan Niyogi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia-741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Kundan Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sourav Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rhituparna Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Alakesh Bisai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia-741246, West Bengal, India.
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20
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Bugaenko DI, Karchava AV, Yurovskaya MA. Transition metal-free cross-coupling reactions with the formation of carbon-heteroatom bonds. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Zhang Y, Xiao G. Chemical synthesis of TMG-chitotriomycin. J Carbohydr Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2021.2009504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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22
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Karak M, Haldar A, Torikai K. Current Tools for Chemical Glycosylation: Where Are We Now? TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2021. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2014.7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kohei Torikai
- Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek
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23
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Karak M, Haldar A, Torikai K. Current Tools for Chemical Glycosylation: Where Are We Now? TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2021. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2014.7j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kohei Torikai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University
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24
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Liu M, Qin X, Ye XS. Glycan Assembly Strategy: From Concept to Application. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3256-3277. [PMID: 34498347 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycans have been hot topics in recent years due to their exhibition of numerous biological activities. However, the heterogeneity of their natural source and the complexity of their chemical synthesis impede the progress in their biological research. Thus, the development of glycan assembly strategies to acquire plenty of structurally well-defined glycans is an important issue in carbohydrate chemistry. In this review, the latest advances in glycan assembly strategies from concepts to their applications in carbohydrate synthesis, including chemical and enzymatic/chemo-enzymatic approaches, as well as solution-phase and solid-phase/tag-assisted synthesis, are summarized. Furthermore, the automated glycan assembly techniques are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xianjin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
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25
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Yano K, Sasaki N, Itoh T, Nokami T. Synthesis of Oligosaccharides of Glucosamine by Automated Electrochemical Assembly. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2021. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.79.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University
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26
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Fittolani G, Tyrikos-Ergas T, Vargová D, Chaube MA, Delbianco M. Progress and challenges in the synthesis of sequence controlled polysaccharides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1981-2025. [PMID: 34386106 PMCID: PMC8353590 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The sequence, length and substitution of a polysaccharide influence its physical and biological properties. Thus, sequence controlled polysaccharides are important targets to establish structure-properties correlations. Polymerization techniques and enzymatic methods have been optimized to obtain samples with well-defined substitution patterns and narrow molecular weight distribution. Chemical synthesis has granted access to polysaccharides with full control over the length. Here, we review the progress towards the synthesis of well-defined polysaccharides. For each class of polysaccharides, we discuss the available synthetic approaches and their current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Fittolani
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Theodore Tyrikos-Ergas
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denisa Vargová
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Manishkumar A Chaube
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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27
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Shibuya A, Nokami T. Electrochemical Assembly for Synthesis of Middle-Sized Organic Molecules. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2389-2396. [PMID: 34101967 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical methods offer a powerful, reliable, and environmentally benign approach for the synthesis of small organic molecules, and such methods are useful not only for the transformation of small molecules, but also for the preparation of oligomers and polymers. Electrochemical assembly is a concept that allows structurally well-defined middle-sized organic molecules to be synthesized by applying electrochemical methods. The preparation of dendrimers, dendronized polymers, and oligosaccharides are introduced as examples of such an approach. Automated electrochemical assembly of oligosaccharides is also demonstrated using the electrochemical synthesizer developed by our group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akito Shibuya
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan.,Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city, 680-8552 Tottori, Japan
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28
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Abstract
The importance of post-translational glycosylation in protein structure and function has gained significant clinical relevance recently. The latest developments in glycobiology, glycochemistry, and glycoproteomics have made the field more manageable and relevant to disease progression and immune-response signaling. Here, we summarize the current progress in glycoscience, including the new methodologies that have led to the introduction of programmable and automatic as well as large-scale enzymatic synthesis, and the development of glycan array, glycosylation probes, and inhibitors of carbohydrate-associated enzymes or receptors. These novel methodologies and tools have facilitated our understanding of the significance of glycosylation and development of carbohydrate-derived medicines that bring the field to the next level of scientific and medical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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29
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Review: Advances in preparation of chitooligosaccharides with heterogeneous sequences and their bioactivity. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 252:117206. [PMID: 33183640 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides has attracted increasing attention due to their diverse bioactivities and potential application. Previous studies on the bioactivity of chitooligosaccharides were mostly carried out using a mixture. The structure-function relationship of chitooligosaccharides is not clear. Recently, it is confirmed that chitooligosaccharides with different degrees of polymerization play different roles in many bioactivities. However, heterogeneous chitooligosaccharides with a single degree of polymerization is still a mixture of many uncertain sequences and it is difficult to determine which structure is responsible for biological effects. Therefore, an interesting and challenging field of studying chitooligosaccharides with heterogeneous sequences has emerged. Herein, we reviewed the current methods for preparing heterogeneous chitooligosaccharides, including chemical synthesis, separation techniques and enzymatic methods. Advances in the bioactivities of chitooligosaccharides with heterogeneous sequences are also reviewed.
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30
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Liu M, Liu K, Xiong D, Zhang H, Li T, Li B, Qin X, Bai J, Ye X. Stereoselective Electro‐2‐deoxyglycosylation from Glycals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Kai‐Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - De‐Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology Shandong University 27 Shanda Nanlu Jinan Shandong 250100 China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Bohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xianjin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Jinhe Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xin‐Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Xue Yuan Road No. 38 Beijing 100191 China
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31
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Chao Q, Ding Y, Chen ZH, Xiang MH, Wang N, Gao XD. Recent Progress in Chemo-Enzymatic Methods for the Synthesis of N-Glycans. Front Chem 2020; 8:513. [PMID: 32612979 PMCID: PMC7309569 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation is one of the most common co- and post-translational modifications of both intra- and extracellularly distributing proteins, which directly affects their biological functions, such as protein folding, stability and intercellular traffic. Production of the structural well-defined homogeneous N-glycans contributes to comprehensive investigation of their biological roles and molecular basis. Among the various methods, chemo-enzymatic approach serves as an alternative to chemical synthesis, providing high stereoselectivity and economic efficiency. This review summarizes some recent advances in the chemo-enzymatic methods for the production of N-glycans, including the preparation of substrates and sugar donors, and the progress in the glycosyltransferases characterization which leads to the diversity of N-glycan synthesis. We discuss the bottle-neck and new opportunities in exploiting the chemo-enzymatic synthesis of N-glycans based on our research experiences. In addition, downstream applications of the constructed N-glycans, such as automation devices and homogeneous glycoproteins synthesis are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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32
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Liu M, Liu KM, Xiong DC, Zhang H, Li T, Li B, Qin X, Bai J, Ye XS. Stereoselective Electro-2-deoxyglycosylation from Glycals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15204-15208. [PMID: 32394599 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel and highly stereoselective electro-2-deoxyglycosylation from glycals. This method features excellent stereoselectivity, scope, and functional-group tolerance. This process can also be applied to the modification of a wide range of natural products and drugs. Furthermore, a scalable synthesis of glycosylated podophyllotoxin and a one-pot trisaccharide synthesis through iterative electroglycosylations were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Kai-Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - De-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Bohan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xianjin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jinhe Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road No. 38, Beijing, 100191, China
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33
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Yano K, Itoh T, Nokami T. Total synthesis of Myc-IV(C16:0, S) via automated electrochemical assembly. Carbohydr Res 2020; 492:108018. [PMID: 32339812 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Total synthesis of Myc-IV(C16:0, S) via automated electrochemical assembly has been accomplished. This tetrasaccharide has been studied as a symbiotic signal molecule of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza fungi. We have achieved stereoselective synthesis of a disaccharide building block using the mixed-electrolyte system for electrochemical glycosylation; 2 + 1+1 strategy enables us to access the tetrasaccharide precursor and complete the synthesis Myc-IV(C16:0, S) efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumpei Yano
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori City, 680-8552, Tottori, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Itoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori City, 680-8552, Tottori, Japan; Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori City, 680-8552, Tottori, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori City, 680-8552, Tottori, Japan; Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori City, 680-8552, Tottori, Japan.
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34
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Feng Y, Wu J, Chen G, Chai Y. Fast and Low-Cost Purification Strategy for Oligosaccharide Synthesis Based on a Hop-On/Off Carrier. Org Lett 2020; 22:2564-2568. [PMID: 32181668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A feasible and convenient strategy for oligosaccharide synthesis, which realizes reaction in solution while product purification occurs only by solid-liquid filtration, has been developed. By using a hop-on/off carrier (polytetrafluoroethylene particle), rapid synthesis of tumor-associated antigen Globo-H hexasaccharide has been successfully achieved within 5 steps in 48% overall yield without any intermediate purification by column chromatography. Also, global deprotection, including the cleavage of the tag, proceeded simultaneously only by one-step hydrogenolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingle Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China.,The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Guosong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yonghai Chai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
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35
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Panza M, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. HPLC-assisted automated oligosaccharide synthesis: the implementation of the two-way split valve as a mode of complete automation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1333-1336. [PMID: 31930269 PMCID: PMC7656230 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08876h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is the development of a user-friendly platform for simple and transformative automation based on standard HPLC equipment. We showcase how the improved platform works in application to the completely automated, a "press of the button," synthesis of various glycan sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Panza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
| | - Keith J Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA.
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36
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Forman A, Pfoh R, Eddenden A, Howell PL, Nitz M. Synthesis of defined mono-de-N-acetylated β-(1→6)-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine oligosaccharides to characterize PgaB hydrolase activity. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:9456-9466. [PMID: 31642455 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many clinically-relevant biofilm-forming bacterial strains produce partially de-N-acetylated poly-β-(1→6)-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (dPNAG) as an exopolysaccharide. In Gram-negative bacteria, the periplasmic protein PgaB is responsible for partial de-N-acetylation of PNAG prior to its export to the extracellular space. In addition to de-N-acetylase activity found in the N-terminal domain, PgaB contains a C-terminal hydrolase domain that can disrupt dPNAG-dependent biofilms and hydrolyzes dPNAG but not fully acetylated PNAG. The role of this C-terminal domain in biofilm formation has yet to be determined in vivo. Further characterization of the enzyme's hydrolase activity has been hampered by a lack of specific dPNAG oligosaccharides. Here, we report the synthesis of a defined mono de-N-acetylated dPNAG penta- and hepta-saccharide. Using mass spectrometry analysis and a fluorescence-based thin-layer chromatography (TLC) assay, we found that our defined dPNAG oligosaccharides are hydrolase substrates. In addition to the expected cleavage site, two residues to the reducing side of the de-N-acetylated residue, minor cleavage products on the non-reducing side of the de-N-acetylation site were observed. These findings provide quantitative data to support how PNAG is processed in Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Forman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3H6.
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37
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Mestrom L, Przypis M, Kowalczykiewicz D, Pollender A, Kumpf A, Marsden SR, Bento I, Jarzębski AB, Szymańska K, Chruściel A, Tischler D, Schoevaart R, Hanefeld U, Hagedoorn PL. Leloir Glycosyltransferases in Applied Biocatalysis: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215263. [PMID: 31652818 PMCID: PMC6861944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are nature’s catalyst of choice for the highly selective and efficient coupling of carbohydrates. Enzymatic sugar coupling is a competitive technology for industrial glycosylation reactions, since chemical synthetic routes require extensive use of laborious protection group manipulations and often lack regio- and stereoselectivity. The application of Leloir glycosyltransferases has received considerable attention in recent years and offers excellent control over the reactivity and selectivity of glycosylation reactions with unprotected carbohydrates, paving the way for previously inaccessible synthetic routes. The development of nucleotide recycling cascades has allowed for the efficient production and reuse of nucleotide sugar donors in robust one-pot multi-enzyme glycosylation cascades. In this way, large glycans and glycoconjugates with complex stereochemistry can be constructed. With recent advances, LeLoir glycosyltransferases are close to being applied industrially in multi-enzyme, programmable cascade glycosylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk Mestrom
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Marta Przypis
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Daria Kowalczykiewicz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - André Pollender
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Antje Kumpf
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Stefan R Marsden
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Isabel Bento
- EMBL Hamburg, Notkestraβe 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Andrzej B Jarzębski
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bałtycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Szymańska
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Ks. M. Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | | | - Dirk Tischler
- Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Rob Schoevaart
- ChiralVision, J.H. Oortweg 21, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter-Leon Hagedoorn
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section Biocatalysis, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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38
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Wang S, Breslawec AP, Alvarez E, Tyrlik M, Li C, Poulin MB. Differential Recognition of Deacetylated PNAG Oligosaccharides by a Biofilm Degrading Glycosidase. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1998-2005. [PMID: 31430121 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides consisting of partially de-N-acetylated poly-β-d-(1→6)-N-acetyl-glucosamine (dPNAG) are key structural components of the biofilm extracellular polymeric substance of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogens. De-N-acetylation is required for the proper assembly and function of dPNAG in biofilm development suggesting that different patterns of deacetylation may be preferentially recognized by proteins that interact with dPNAG, such as Dispersin B (DspB). The enzymatic degradation of dPNAG by the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans native β-hexosaminidase enzyme DspB plays a role in biofilm dispersal. To test the role of substrate de-N-acetylation on substrate recognition by DspB, we applied an efficient preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation approach to prepare a panel of dPNAG trisaccharide analogs with defined acetylation patterns. These analogs served as effective DspB substrates, and the rate of hydrolysis was dependent on the specific substrate de-N-acetylation pattern, with glucosamine (GlcN) located +2 from the site of cleavage being preferentially hydrolyzed. The product distributions support a primarily exoglycosidic cleavage activity following a substrate assisted cleavage mechanism, with the exception of substrates containing a nonreducing GlcN that were cleaved endo leading to the exclusive formation of a nonreducing disaccharide product. These observations provide critical insight into the substrate specificity of dPNAG specific glycosidase that can help guide their design as biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Alexandra P. Breslawec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Elaine Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Michal Tyrlik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Crystal Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Myles B. Poulin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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39
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Manmode S, Tanabe S, Yamamoto T, Sasaki N, Nokami T, Itoh T. Electrochemical Glycosylation as an Enabling Tool for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Cyclic Oligosaccharides. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:869-872. [PMID: 31309034 PMCID: PMC6607414 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical glycosylation of a linear oligosaccharide with a protecting-group-free primary hydroxyl group afforded cyclic oligo-saccharides, up to hexasaccharides, in high yields. Precursors of the cyclic oligosaccharides were prepared by automated electro-chemical assembly-a method for the automated electrochemical solution-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides. We demonstrated that electrochemical glycosylation is useful not only for intermolecular glycosylation but also for intramolecular glycosylation to synthesize cyclic oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Manmode
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering Tottori University 4-101 Koyamachominami Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan E-mai
| | - Shichidai Tanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering Tottori University 4-101 Koyamachominami Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan E-mai
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering Tottori University 4-101 Koyamachominami Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan E-mai
| | - Norihiko Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering Tottori University 4-101 Koyamachominami Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan E-mai
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering Tottori University 4-101 Koyamachominami Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan E-mai.,Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering Tottori University 4-101 Koyamachominami Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Itoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering Tottori University 4-101 Koyamachominami Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan E-mai.,Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering Tottori University 4-101 Koyamachominami Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
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40
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Meng L, Wu P, Fang J, Xiao Y, Xiao X, Tu G, Ma X, Teng S, Zeng J, Wan Q. Glycosylation Enabled by Successive Rhodium(II) and Brønsted Acid Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11775-11780. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingkui Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal
Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal
Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal
Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal
Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal
Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Guangsheng Tu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal
Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal
Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shuang Teng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal
Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal
Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Qian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal
Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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41
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Acid-mediated N-iodosuccinimide-based thioglycoside activation for the automated solution-phase synthesis of α-1,2-linked-rhamnopyranosides. PURE APPL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2019-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Carbohydrate structures are often complex. Unfortunately, synthesis of the range of sugar combinations precludes the use of a single coupling protocol or set of reagents. Adapting known, reliable bench-chemistry reactions to work via automation will help forward the goal of synthesizing a broad range of glycans. Herein, the preparation of di- and tri-saccharides of alpha 1→2 rhamnan fragments is demonstrated using thioglycoside donors with the development for a solution-phase-based automation platform of commonly used activation conditions using N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) with trimethylsilyl triflate. Byproducts of the glycosylation reaction are shown to be compatible with hydrazine-based deprotection conditions, lending broader functionality to this method as only one fluorous-solid-phase extraction step per coupling/deprotection cycle is required.
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42
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Pistorio SG, Geringer SA, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. Manual and Automated Syntheses of the N-Linked Glycoprotein Core Glycans. J Org Chem 2019; 84:6576-6588. [PMID: 31066275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Presented herein are two complementary approaches to the synthesis of the core N-glycan pentasaccharide. The first, a traditional manual approach in solution, makes use of the H-bond-mediated aglycone delivery method for the highly diastereoselective introduction of the β-mannosidic linkage at room temperature. The synthesis of the core pentasaccharide was also accomplished using an high-performance liquid chromatography-assisted automated approach. The overall assembly was swift (8 h) and efficient (31%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore G Pistorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri-St. Louis One University Boulevard , St. Louis , Missouri 63121 , United States
| | - Scott A Geringer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri-St. Louis One University Boulevard , St. Louis , Missouri 63121 , United States
| | - Keith J Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri-St. Louis One University Boulevard , St. Louis , Missouri 63121 , United States
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Missouri-St. Louis One University Boulevard , St. Louis , Missouri 63121 , United States
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43
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Abstract
The intrinsic complexity of carbohydrate structures has hampered access to pure glycans and hence impeded progress in the glycosciences. Automated Glycan Assembly (AGA) has facilitated the procurement of synthetic glycans, to be used in diagnostics, vaccine development, enzyme characterization and structure-function relationship studies. A general approach for obtaining complex glycans from mammalian, bacterial, fungal and plant classes provides molecular tools for glycobiology research. Recent advances in AGA technology pave the way for the production of novel carbohydrate materials. This perspective describes the state-of-the art of AGA and aspects of the technology where additional improvements are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Guberman
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimalle 22 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1 , 14476 Potsdam , Germany
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44
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Isoda Y, Kitamura K, Takahashi S, Nokami T, Itoh T. Mixed‐Electrolyte‐Driven Stereoselective Electrochemical Glycosylation. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Isoda
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of Engineering, Tottori University 4-101 Koyamachominami, Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
| | - Kei Kitamura
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of Engineering, Tottori University 4-101 Koyamachominami, Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
| | - Shuji Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of Engineering, Tottori University 4-101 Koyamachominami, Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of Engineering, Tottori University 4-101 Koyamachominami, Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry Faculty of EngineeringTottori University 4-101 Koyamachominami, Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Itoh
- Department of Chemistry and BiotechnologyGraduate School of Engineering, Tottori University 4-101 Koyamachominami, Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry Faculty of EngineeringTottori University 4-101 Koyamachominami, Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
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45
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Zhang J, Chen C, Gadi MR, Gibbons C, Guo Y, Cao X, Edmunds G, Wang S, Liu D, Yu J, Wen L, Wang PG. Machine‐Driven Enzymatic Oligosaccharide Synthesis by Using a Peptide Synthesizer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Zhang
- Department of ChemistryGeorgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Congcong Chen
- Department of ChemistryGeorgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | | | | | - Yuxi Guo
- Department of ChemistryGeorgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Xuefeng Cao
- Department of ChemistryGeorgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Garrett Edmunds
- Department of ChemistryGeorgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- Department of ChemistryGeorgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of ChemistryGeorgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of ChemistryGeorgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Liuqing Wen
- Department of ChemistryGeorgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
| | - Peng G. Wang
- Department of ChemistryGeorgia State University Atlanta GA 30303 USA
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46
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Zhang J, Chen C, Gadi MR, Gibbons C, Guo Y, Cao X, Edmunds G, Wang S, Liu D, Yu J, Wen L, Wang PG. Machine-Driven Enzymatic Oligosaccharide Synthesis by Using a Peptide Synthesizer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16638-16642. [PMID: 30375138 PMCID: PMC6402783 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
For decades, researchers have endeavored to develop a general automated system to synthesize oligosaccharides that is comparable to the preparation of oligonucleotides and oligopeptides by commercially available machines. Inspired by the success of automated oligosaccharide synthesis through chemical glycosylation, a fully automated system is reported for oligosaccharides synthesis through enzymatic glycosylation in aqueous solution. The designed system is based on the use of a thermosensitive polymer and a commercially available peptide synthesizer. This study represents a proof-of-concept demonstration that the enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides can be achieved in an automated manner using a commercially available peptide synthesizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Congcong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | | | | | - Yuxi Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Xuefeng Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Garrett Edmunds
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Shuaishuai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Liuqing Wen
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Peng G Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
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47
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Pardo-Vargas A, Delbianco M, Seeberger PH. Automated glycan assembly as an enabling technology. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 46:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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48
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Panza M, Pistorio SG, Stine KJ, Demchenko AV. Automated Chemical Oligosaccharide Synthesis: Novel Approach to Traditional Challenges. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8105-8150. [PMID: 29953217 PMCID: PMC6522228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Advances in carbohydrate chemistry have certainly made common oligosaccharides much more accessible. However, many current methods still rely heavily upon specialized knowledge of carbohydrate chemistry. The application of automated technologies to chemical and life science applications such as genomics and proteomics represents a vibrant field. These automated technologies also present opportunities for their application to organic synthesis, including that of the synthesis of oligosaccharides. However, application of automated methods to the synthesis of carbohydrates is an underdeveloped area as compared to other classes of biomolecules. The overarching goal of this review article is to present the advances that have been made at the interface of carbohydrate chemistry and automated technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Panza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Salvatore G. Pistorio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Keith J. Stine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri–St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
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49
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Adero PO, Amarasekara H, Wen P, Bohé L, Crich D. The Experimental Evidence in Support of Glycosylation Mechanisms at the S N1-S N2 Interface. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8242-8284. [PMID: 29846062 PMCID: PMC6135681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A critical review of the state-of-the-art evidence in support of the mechanisms of glycosylation reactions is provided. Factors affecting the stability of putative oxocarbenium ions as intermediates at the SN1 end of the mechanistic continuum are first surveyed before the evidence, spectroscopic and indirect, for the existence of such species on the time scale of glycosylation reactions is presented. Current models for diastereoselectivity in nucleophilic attack on oxocarbenium ions are then described. Evidence in support of the intermediacy of activated covalent glycosyl donors is reviewed, before the influences of the structure of the nucleophile, of the solvent, of temperature, and of donor-acceptor hydrogen bonding on the mechanism of glycosylation reactions are surveyed. Studies on the kinetics of glycosylation reactions and the use of kinetic isotope effects for the determination of transition-state structure are presented, before computational models are finally surveyed. The review concludes with a critical appraisal of the state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Ouma Adero
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Harsha Amarasekara
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Peng Wen
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Luis Bohé
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301 , Université Paris-Sud Université Paris-Saclay , 1 avenue de la Terrasse , 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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50
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Manmode S, Kato M, Ichiyanagi T, Nokami T, Itoh T. Automated Electrochemical Assembly of the β-(1,3)-β-(1,6)-Glucan Hexasaccharide Using Thioglucoside Building Blocks. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Manmode
- Department of Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Engineering; Tottori University; 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
| | - Moeko Kato
- Department of Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Engineering; Tottori University; 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ichiyanagi
- Faculty of Agriculture; Tottori University; 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city 680-8553 Tottori Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department of Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Engineering; Tottori University; 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering; Tottori University; 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Itoh
- Department of Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Engineering; Tottori University; 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering; Tottori University; 4-101 Koyamacho-minami, Tottori city 680-8552 Tottori Japan
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