1
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Tian FX, Qu J. Studies on the Origin of the Stabilizing Effects of Fluorinated Alcohols and Weakly Coordinated Fluorine-Containing Anions on Cationic Reaction Intermediates. J Org Chem 2022; 87:1814-1829. [PMID: 35020378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many synthetic methods that use fluorinated alcohols as solvents have been reported, and the fluorinated alcohols have been found to be crucial to the success of these methods. In addition, there have been reports indicating that adding a weakly coordinated fluorine-containing anion, such as BF4-, PF6-, or SbF6-, to fluorinated alcohols can improve yields. The boosting effect of fluorinated alcohols is attributed mainly to hydrogen bond activation. A few studies have suggested that the very polar fluorinated alcohols can stabilize cationic reaction intermediates. However, how they do so and why weakly coordinated fluorine-containing anions improve yields have not been studied in depth. Here, we used quaternary ammonium cations, a quaternary phosphonium cation, and a triaryl-substituted carbocation as models for short-lived cationic intermediates and studied the possible interactions of these cations with fluorinated alcohols and BF4-, PF6-, or SbF6-. On the basis of the results, we propose that the C-F dipoles of fluorinated alcohols and the E-F dipoles (where E is B, P, or Sb) of weakly coordinated fluorine-containing anions stabilized these cations by intermolecular charge-dipole interactions. We deduced that in the same fashion the C-F and E-F dipoles can thermodynamically stabilize cationic reaction intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xian Tian
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jin Qu
- The State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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2
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Neufeld J, Stünkel T, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Daniliuc CG, Gilmour R. Synthese von trifluorierten Tetralinen durch I(I)/I(III)‐katalysierte Ringexpansion: programmieren von Konformationen über [CH
2
CH
2
] → [CF
2
CHF] Isosterismus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Neufeld
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Timo Stünkel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 36 48149 Münster Germany
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3
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Neufeld J, Stünkel T, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Daniliuc CG, Gilmour R. Trifluorinated Tetralins via I(I)/I(III)-Catalysed Ring Expansion: Programming Conformation by [CH 2 CH 2 ] → [CF 2 CHF] Isosterism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13647-13651. [PMID: 33721384 PMCID: PMC8251640 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Saturated, fluorinated carbocycles are emerging as important modules for contemporary drug discovery. To expand the current portfolio, the synthesis of novel trifluorinated tetralins has been achieved. Fluorinated methyleneindanes serve as convenient precursors and undergo efficient difluorinative ring expansion with in situ generated p-TolIF2 (>20 examples, up to >95 %). A range of diverse substituents are tolerated under standard catalysis conditions and this is interrogated by Hammett analysis. X-ray analysis indicates a preference for the CH-F bond to occupy a pseudo-axial orientation, consistent with stabilising σC-H →σC-F * interactions. The replacement of the symmetric [CH2 -CH2 ] motif by [CF2 -CHF] removes the conformational degeneracy intrinsic to the parent tetralin scaffold leading to a predictable half-chair. The conformational behavior of this novel structural balance has been investigated by computational analysis and is consistent with stereoelectronic theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Neufeld
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Timo Stünkel
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstraße 3648149MünsterGermany
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4
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Douchez A, Geranurimi A, Lubell WD. Applications of γ,δ-Unsaturated Ketones Synthesized by Copper-Catalyzed Cascade Addition of Vinyl Grignard Reagents to Esters. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2574-2588. [PMID: 30289682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
γ,δ-Unsaturated ketones, so-called homoallylic ketones, have served as versatile building blocks for the synthesis of a variety of heterocycles, carbocycles, natural products, and reactive intermediates. Procured by a variety of processes, including conjugate addition of vinyl organometallic reagents to unsaturated ketones, allylation of silyl enol ethers, and rearrangements, homoallylic ketones are often synthesized by step-intensive methods. The cascade addition of 2 equiv of vinyl Grignard reagent to a carboxylate was reported by the Lubell laboratory in 2003 to give effective access to homoallylic ketones from a variety of aromatic, aliphatic, and α-amino methyl esters. Employing readily accessible vinyl magnesium halides in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper salt, this cascade reaction provides high yields of homoallylic ketones with minimal side product by a process featuring the assembly and collapse of a tetrahedral intermediate with expulsion of alkoxide ion, followed by conjugate addition to the resulting enone. Application of the cascade reaction to the synthesis of various homoallylic ketones has provided versatile building blocks for the synthesis of targets for different applications. For example, by employing (hetero)aryl di- and tricarboxylates as precursors, copper-catalyzed cascade additions have provided donor-acceptor and star-shaped monomers for optical-electronic materials. Amino ester starting materials have given homoallylic ketones for the synthesis of various peptidomimetics, including heteroarylalanines, hydroxyethylene isoesters, and diazepinone turn mimics. Moreover, anthranilate has served as building block to prepare various pyrrole, quinoline, benzodiazepine, and benzotriazepine heterocyles. In addition, cascade additions on hydroxyprolinates have given access to bipyrrole precursors of the prodigiosin family of natural products. In the interest to highlight the utility of the copper-catalyzed cascade addition of vinyl Grignard reagents to carboxylates, this Account provides details on the broad scope of substrates that deliver homoallylic ketone products as well as an overview of the wide range of applications in which this method may impact including materials and peptide science, heterocycle and natural product synthesis, and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Douchez
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P.6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Azade Geranurimi
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P.6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - William D. Lubell
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P.6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
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5
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Guchhait S, Chatterjee S, Ampapathi RS, Goswami RK. Total Synthesis of Reported Structure of Baulamycin A and Its Congeners. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2414-2435. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Guchhait
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Shamba Chatterjee
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | | | - Rajib Kumar Goswami
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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6
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Das SK. Recent Advances in the Intramolecular Reactions of Epoxides with Arenes and Heteroarenes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201600440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajal Kumar Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Tezpur University, Napaam; Tezpur Assam 784028 India
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7
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Hajra S, Maity S, Roy S. Regioselective Friedel-Crafts Reaction of Electron-Rich Benzenoid Arenes and Spiroepoxyoxindole at the Spiro-Centre: Efficient Synthesis of Benzofuroindolines and 2H- Spiro[benzofuran]-3,3′-oxindoles. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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8
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Lee JH, Oh M, Kim HS, Lee H, Im W, Lim HS. Converting One-Face α-Helix Mimetics into Amphiphilic α-Helix Mimetics as Potent Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:36-42. [PMID: 26651509 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Many biologically active α-helical peptides adopt amphiphilic helical structures that contain hydrophobic residues on one side and hydrophilic residues on the other side. Therefore, α-helix mimetics capable of mimicking such amphiphilic helical peptides should possess higher binding affinity and specificity to target proteins. Here we describe an efficient method for generating amphiphilic α-helix mimetics. One-face α-helix mimetics having hydrophobic side chains on one side was readily converted into amphiphilic α-helix mimetics by introducing appropriate charged residues on the opposite side. We also demonstrate that such two-face amphiphilic α-helix mimetics indeed show remarkably improved binding affinity to a target protein, compared to one-face hydrophobic α-helix mimetics. We believe that generating a large combinatorial library of these amphiphilic α-helix mimetics can be valuable for rapid discovery of highly potent and specific modulators of protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Lee
- New
Drug Development Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 701-310, South Korea
| | - Misook Oh
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, South Korea
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Huisun Lee
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences and Centre for Computational Biology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Wonpil Im
- Department
of Molecular Biosciences and Centre for Computational Biology, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Hyun-Suk Lim
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, South Korea
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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9
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Ling J, Lam SK, Lo B, Lam S, Wong WT, Sun J, Chen G, Chiu P. Epoxy and aziridinyl enolsilanes in diastereoselective inter- and intramolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylations. Org Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00333d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diastereoselective Friedel–Crafts reactions of optically pure epoxy enolsilanes afford enantiomerically-enriched β-hydroxy-α-arylketones. Aziridinyl enolsilanes react in an analogous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Ling
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
- The State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
| | - Sze Kui Lam
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
| | - Brian Lo
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
| | - Sarah Lam
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
- The State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
| | - Wing-Tak Wong
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
| | - Guanhua Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
| | - Pauline Chiu
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
- The State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
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10
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Moon H, Lim HS. Synthesis and screening of small-molecule α-helix mimetic libraries targeting protein–protein interactions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2015; 24:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Wang B, Leng HJ, Yang XY, Han B, Rao CL, Liu L, Peng C, Huang W. Efficient synthesis of tetrahydronaphthalene- or isochroman-fused spirooxindoles using tandem reactions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15735h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cascade reaction involving a Michael–aldol or vinylogous Henry-acetalization relay is described. We have used the cascade reaction to assemble tetrahydronaphthalene- or isochroman-fused spirooxindoles and other drug-like spirocyclic scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research
- Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
| | - Hai-Jun Leng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicine
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
| | - Xue-Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research
- Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research
- Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
| | - Chao-Long Rao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicine
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
| | - Li Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicine
- School of Pharmacy
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research
- Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research
- Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Chengdu 611137
- China
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12
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Barnard A, Long K, Yeo DJ, Miles JA, Azzarito V, Burslem GM, Prabhakaran P, A. Edwards T, Wilson AJ. Orthogonal functionalisation of α-helix mimetics. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:6794-9. [PMID: 25065821 PMCID: PMC4157654 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00915k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
α-Helix mediated protein-protein interactions are of major therapeutic importance. As such, the design of inhibitors of this class of interaction is of significant interest. We present methodology to modify N-alkylated aromatic oligoamide α-helix mimetics using 'click' chemistry. The effect is shown to modulate the binding properties of a series of selective p53/hDM2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barnard
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Kérya Long
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - David J. Yeo
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Jennifer A. Miles
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Valeria Azzarito
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - George M. Burslem
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Panchami Prabhakaran
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Thomas A. Edwards
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Andrew J. Wilson
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK .
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13
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Razavi AM, Wuest WM, Voelz VA. Computational screening and selection of cyclic peptide hairpin mimetics by molecular simulation and kinetic network models. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:1425-32. [PMID: 24754484 DOI: 10.1021/ci500102y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Designing peptidomimetic compounds to have a preorganized structure in solution is highly nontrivial. To show how simulation-based approaches can help speed this process, we performed an extensive simulation study of designed cyclic peptide mimics of a β-hairpin from bacterial protein LapD involved in a protein-protein interaction (PPI) pertinent to bacterial biofilm formation. We used replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulation to screen 20 covalently cross-linked designs with varying stereochemistry and selected the most favorable of these for massively parallel simulation on Folding@home in explicit solvent. Markov state models (MSMs) built from the trajectory data reveal how subtle chemical modifications can have a significant effect on conformational populations, leading to the overall stabilization of the target structure. In particular, we identify a key steric interaction between a methyl substituent and a valine side chain that acts to allosterically shift population between native and near-native states, which could be exploited in future designs. Visualization of this mechanism is aided considerably by the tICA method, which identifies degrees of freedom most important in slow conformational transitions. The combination of quantitative detail and human comprehension provided by MSMs suggests such approaches will be increasingly useful for design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar M Razavi
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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