Platinum-Catalyzed One-Pot Alkenylation of Aldehydes Using Alkynes and Triethylsilane: Dual Catalysis by Platinum(II) Chloride

Platinum-Catalyzed Hydrative Dimerization of Alkynylsilanes to α,β-Unsaturated Ketones

A unique type of platinum catalysis that is valuable for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated ketones is described. In the presence of PtCl2, (2-arylethynyl)trimethylsilanes reacted with H2O at 30 °C to give 1,4-diarylbut-3-en-2-ones in moderate to good yields. (2-Alkylethynyl)trimethylsilanes could be efficiently converted into the corresponding hydrative dimerization products by a modified Pt catalyst system. Mechanistic studies suggest the participation of acylplatinum intermediates in the catalytic cycle.

Continuous-Flow Catalysis Using Phosphine-Metal Complexes on Porous Polymers: Designing Ligands, Pores, and Reactors

Continuous-flow syntheses using immobilized catalysts can offer efficient chemical processes with easy separation and purification. Porous polymers have gained significant interests for their applications to catalytic systems in the field of organic chemistry. The porous polymers are recognized for their large surface area, high chemical stability, facile modulation of surface chemistry, and cost-effectiveness. It is crucial to immobilize transition-metal catalysts due to their difficult separation and high toxicity. Supported phosphine ligands represent a noteworthy system for the effective immobilization of metal catalysts and modulation of catalytic properties. Researchers have been actively pursuing strategies involving phosphine-metal complexes supported on porous polymers, aiming for high activities, durabilities, selectivities, and applicability to continuous-flow systems. This review provides a concise overview of phosphine-metal complexes supported on porous polymers for continuous-flow catalytic reactions. Polymer catalysts are categorized based on pore sizes, including micro-, meso-, and macroporous polymers. The characteristics of these porous polymers are explored concerning their efficiency in immobilized catalysis and continuous-flow systems.

Ni-catalyzed arylation of alkynes with organoboronic acids and aldehydes to access stereodefined allylic alcohols

A new, efficient and practical method for the three-component arylative coupling of aldehydes, alkynes and arylboronic acids has been developed through nickel catalysis. This transformation provides diverse Z-selective tetrasubstituted allylic alcohols without the use of any aggressive oragnometallic nucleophiles or reductants. Moreover, benzylalcohols are viable coupling partners via oxidation state manipulation and arylative coupling in one single catalytic cycle. This reaction features a direct and flexible approach for the preparation of stereodefined arylated allylic alcohols with broad substrate scope under mild conditions. The utility of this protocol is demonstrated through the synthesis of diverse biologically active molecular derivatives.

Well-defined nickel(II) tetrazole-saccharinate complex as homogeneous catalyst on the reduction of aldehydes: scope and reaction mechanism

A new (tetrazole-saccharin)nickel complex is shown to be a valuable catalyst for the hydrosilative reduction of aldehydes under microwave radiation at low temperatures. With typical 1 mol% content of the catalyst (microwave power range of 5–15 W) most reactions are complete within 30 min. The Ni(II)-catalyzed reduction of aldehydes, with a useful scope, was established for the first time by using this catalyst, and is competitive with the most effective transition-metal catalysts known for such transformation. The catalyst reveals tolerance to different functional groups, is air and moisture stable, and is readily prepared in straightforward synthetic steps. Supported by experimental data and DFT calculations, a plausible reaction mechanism involving the new catalytic system is outlined.

A free-radical-promoted stereospecific denitro silylation of β-nitroalkenes with silanes

A novel Cu-promoted approach for the stereospecific synthesis of (E)-vinylsilanes through the denitro C–Si coupling reaction of β-nitroalkenes with silanes.

Porous Organic Polymer as a Heterogeneous Ligand for Highly Regio- and Stereoselective Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Alkyne

A porous organic polymer (POL-Xantphos) was synthesized and employed as a heterogeneous ligand for selective hydrosilylation of alkynes. It exhibits high selectivity and catalytic efficiency toward a broad range of alkynes. Owing to the confinement effect of the micropore structure, POL-Xantphos was far superior to the monomeric Xantphos ligands in controlling the selectivity. By performing hydrosilylation in a flow reactor system, separation and regeneration of the Ni/POL-Xantphos catalyst are easily achieved without any loss in selectivity or activity.

Recent progress towards ionic hydrogenation: Lewis acid catalyzed hydrogenation using organosilanes as donors of hydride ions

Recent advances in ionic hydrogenation as well as its fundamental mechanism are summarized and discussed.