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Zakzak K, Semenescu AD, Moacă EA, Predescu I, Drăghici G, Vlaia L, Vlaia V, Borcan F, Dehelean CA. Comprehensive Biosafety Profile of Carbomer-Based Hydrogel Formulations Incorporating Phosphorus Derivatives. Gels 2024; 10:477. [PMID: 39057500 PMCID: PMC11276259 DOI: 10.3390/gels10070477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Determining the safety of a newly developed experimental product is a crucial condition for its medical use, especially for clinical trials. In this regard, four hydrogel-type formulations were manufactured, all of which were based on carbomer (Blank-CP940) and encapsulated with caffeine (CAF-CP940), phosphorus derivatives (phenyl phosphinic (CAF-S1-CP940) and 2-carboxyethyl phenyl phosphinic acids (CAF-S2-CP940)). The main aim of this research was to provide a comprehensive outline of the biosafety profile of the above-mentioned hydrogels. The complex in vitro screening (cell viability, cytotoxicity, morphological changes in response to exposure, and changes in nuclei morphology) on two types of healthy skin cell lines (HaCaT-human keratinocytes and JB6 Cl 41-5a-murine epidermal cells) exhibited a good biosafety profile when both cell lines were treated for 24 h with 150 μg/mL of each hydrogel. A comprehensive analysis of the hydrogel's impact on the genetic profile of HaCaT cells sustains the in vitro experiments. The biosafety profile was completed with the in vivo and in ovo assays. The outcome revealed that the developed hydrogels exerted good biocompatibility after topical application on BALB/c nude mice's skin. It also revealed a lack of toxicity after exposure to the hen's chicken embryo. Further investigations are needed, regarding the in vitro and in vivo therapeutic efficacy and safety for long-term use and potential clinical translatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Zakzak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (K.Z.); (L.V.)
| | - Alexandra-Denisa Semenescu
- Department of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-D.S.); (I.P.); (G.D.); (C.-A.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Elena-Alina Moacă
- Department of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-D.S.); (I.P.); (G.D.); (C.-A.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iasmina Predescu
- Department of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-D.S.); (I.P.); (G.D.); (C.-A.D.)
| | - George Drăghici
- Department of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-D.S.); (I.P.); (G.D.); (C.-A.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Vlaia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (K.Z.); (L.V.)
- Formulation and Technology of Drugs Research Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Vicenţiu Vlaia
- Formulation and Technology of Drugs Research Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florin Borcan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Cristina-Adriana Dehelean
- Department of Toxicology, Drug Industry, Management and Legislation, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (A.-D.S.); (I.P.); (G.D.); (C.-A.D.)
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2nd Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Guo H, Wu Q, Wang S, Shu H, Shi E. Facile Synthesis of H-Phosphinates from P(OR) 3 or ClP(OR) 2 via SiO 2-Promoted Hydrolysis. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8915-8923. [PMID: 38861591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
H-Phosphinates represent a valuable class of organophosphorus building blocks and catalytic ligands. The existing synthetic approaches are generally associated with the use of strong acids, the need for meticulous treatment of intermediates, and the limitation of only P-aryl introductions. Following a comprehensive investigation into the unexpected SiO2-promoted hydrolysis observed during the chromatography workup of the crude R'P(OR)2 intermediates, we have developed an extremely simple and general synthetic route to H-phosphinates from commercially available Grignard reagents and P(OR)3. An alternative approach involved the use of ClP(OR)2 in place of P(OR)3, which proved to be a valuable strategy for the preparation of sterically hindered ArMgBr substrates bearing bulky ortho-substituted motifs. A library of 36 structurally diverse P-(cyclo)alkyl and P-(hetero)aryl H-phosphinates was thus obtained in moderate to high yields using this practical protocol. Furthermore, the CuCl2-mediated P(O)-H bond derivations were also examined, resulting in the formation of the corresponding EtOPhP(O)-X (X = O, N, S) compounds in nearly quantitative yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huichuang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Hailong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Enxue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
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Cui H, Lin D, Qun D, Bai X. Kinetically Controlled Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Oxo-2-aryl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane Derivatives via a Palladium-Catalyzed Reaction. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2858-2872. [PMID: 38356243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Chiral phosphonate esters have been widely applied in the fields of organic chemistry, medicine, and photoelectric materials. However, it requires the challenging enantioselective synthesis of cyclic phosphonate esters with the desired chiral configuration. The two epimers of 2-oxo-2H-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane derivatives should have different reactivities in Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions, which could lead to an effective methodology for the asymmetric synthesis of 2-oxo-2-aryl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane derivatives. A thorough investigation of the coupling reactions both computationally and experimentally led to the stereoselective synthesis of chiral cyclic phosphonate esters. The axial isomer of products can be obtained with both high diastereoselectivity and good chemical yields from the mixture of 2-oxo-2H-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane derivatives under kinetically controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Cui
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Daizong Lin
- Changchun Discovery Sciences, Ltd., Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Dang Qun
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
| | - Xu Bai
- The Center for Combinatorial Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P. R. China
- Beryl Therapeutics, Inc., Suite 4, Building 19, 2036 West Wengjiao Rd., Haicang District, Xiamen, Fujian 361026, P. R. China
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Gernet A, Sevrain N, Volle JN, Ayad T, Pirat JL, Virieux D. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis toward Aryl- and Phosphoryl-Functionalized Imidazo[1,2- a]pyridines. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14730-14743. [PMID: 33166470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report herein an efficient synthesis of diversely polysubstituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, a family of aza-heterocycles endowed with numerous biological properties, through a sequence involving two consecutive palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. First, we demonstrated that a Hirao coupling occurred straightforwardly in high yields at positions 3, 5, and 6 of imidazopyridine derivatives, giving access to a wide variety of substituted phosphonates, phosphinates, and phosphine oxides. In a second step, direct CH-arylation of phosphorylimidazopyridines with aryl halides was found to be effective and fully selective, leading to 3-aryl-substituted imidazopyridines in moderate to high yields depending on steric hindrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Gernet
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34296 Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Sevrain
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34296 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Noël Volle
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34296 Montpellier, France
| | - Tahar Ayad
- PSL University, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, CSB2D Team, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Pirat
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34296 Montpellier, France
| | - David Virieux
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34296 Montpellier, France
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