1
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Hu C, Kuhn L, Makurvet FD, Knorr ES, Lin X, Kawade RK, Mentink-Vigier F, Hanson K, Alabugin IV. Tethering Three Radical Cascades for Controlled Termination of Radical Alkyne peri-Annulations: Making Phenalenyl Ketones without Oxidants. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4187-4211. [PMID: 38316011 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Although Bu3Sn-mediated radical alkyne peri-annulations allow access to phenalenyl ring systems, the oxidative termination of these cascades provides only a limited selection of the possible isomeric phenalenone products with product selectivity controlled by the intrinsic properties of the new cyclic systems. In this work, we report an oxidant-free termination strategy that can overcome this limitation and enable selective access to the full set of isomerically functionalized phenalenones. The key to preferential termination is the preinstallation of a "weak link" that undergoes C-O fragmentation in the final cascade step. Breaking a C-O bond is assisted by entropy, gain of conjugation in the product, and release of stabilized radical fragments. This strategy is expanded to radical exo-dig cyclization cascades of oligoalkynes, which provide access to isomeric π-extended phenalenones. Conveniently, these cascades introduce functionalities (i.e., Bu3Sn and iodide moieties) amenable to further cross-coupling reactions. Consequently, a variety of polyaromatic diones, which could serve as phenalenyl-based open-shell precursors, can be synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Leah Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Favour D Makurvet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Erica S Knorr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Xinsong Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Rahul K Kawade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Frederic Mentink-Vigier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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2
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Gore B, Chen CC, Lin PY, Wang JJ. Photochemical Radical Bicyclization of 1,5-Enynes: Divergent Synthesis of Fluorenes and Azepinones. Org Lett 2024; 26:757-762. [PMID: 38231886 PMCID: PMC10825824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
A dual nickel- and iridium-photocatalyzed radical cascade bicyclization reaction for the synthesis of highly complex molecular structures in an atom- and step-economic manner has been described. A series of radical precursors are utilized for the divergent synthesis of diversely substituted fluorenes and indenoazepinones bearing quaternary carbons by using cascade cyclization reactions of 1,5-enynes. This reaction is characterized by its mild conditions, broad substrate scope, excellent selectivity, and satisfactory yield including facile scale-up synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babasaheb
Sopan Gore
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan First Rd, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Chen
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan First Rd, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yu Lin
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan First Rd, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Jeh-Jeng Wang
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan First Rd, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
- Department
of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University
Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou
First Rd, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
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3
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Hu C, Mena J, Alabugin IV. Design principles of the use of alkynes in radical cascades. Nat Rev Chem 2023:10.1038/s41570-023-00479-w. [PMID: 37117812 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
One of the simplest organic functional groups, the alkyne, offers a broad canvas for the design of cascade transformations in which up to three new bonds can be added to each of the two sterically unencumbered, energy-rich carbon atoms. However, kinetic protection provided by strong π-orbital overlap makes the design of new alkyne transformations a stereoelectronic puzzle, especially on multifunctional substrates. This Review describes the electronic properties contributing to the unique utility of alkynes in radical cascades. We describe how to control the selectivity of alkyne activation by various methods, from dynamic covalent chemistry with kinetic self-sorting to disappearing directing groups. Additionally, we demonstrate how the selection of reactive intermediates directly influences the propagation and termination of the cascade. Diverging from a common departure point, a carefully planned reaction route can allow access to a variety of products.
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4
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Liu H, Fan X, Hu J, Ma T, Wang F, Yang J, Li D. Visible-Light-Enabled Ph 3P/LiI-Promoted Tandem Radical Trifluoromethylation/Cyclization/Iodination of 1,6-Enynes with Togni's Reagent. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12877-12889. [PMID: 36074642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the visible-light-induced Ph3P/LiI-promoted intermolecular cascade trifluoromethyl radical addition/5-exo-dig cyclization/iodination of 1,6-enynes with Togni's reagent using LiI as the iodine source without the need of the transition metal, oxidant, and base. This reaction promises to be a useful method for the preparation of trifluoromethyl-substituted and vinyl C-I bond-containing pyrrolidines and benzofuran products with good regioselectivity and functional-group tolerance under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Xu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Jinkai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Tongtong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
| | - Dianjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, P. R. China
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5
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Yaremenko IA, Belyakova YY, Radulov PS, Novikov RA, Medvedev MG, Krivoshchapov NV, Korlyukov AA, Alabugin IV, Terent Ev AO. Inverse α-Effect as the Ariadne's Thread on the Way to Tricyclic Aminoperoxides: Avoiding Thermodynamic Traps in the Labyrinth of Possibilities. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7264-7282. [PMID: 35418230 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stable tricyclic aminoperoxides can be selectively assembled via a catalyst-free three-component condensation of β,δ'-triketones, H2O2, and an NH-group source such as aqueous ammonia or ammonium salts. This procedure is scalable and can produce gram quantities of tricyclic heterocycles, containing peroxide, nitrogen, and oxygen cycles in one molecule. Amazingly, such complex tricyclic molecules are selectively formed despite the multitude of alternative reaction routes, via equilibration of peroxide, hemiaminal, monoperoxyacetal, and peroxyhemiaminal functionalities! The reaction is initiated by the "stereoelectronic frustration" of H2O2 and combines elements of thermodynamic and kinetic control with a variety of mono-, bi-, and tricyclic structures evolving under the conditions of thermodynamic control until they reach a kinetic wall created by the inverse α-effect, that is, the stereoelectronic penalty for the formation of peroxycarbenium ions and related transition states. Under these conditions, the reaction stops before reaching the most thermodynamically stable products at a stage where three different heterocycles are assembled and fused at the acyclic precursor frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A Yaremenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia Yu Belyakova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Peter S Radulov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Roman A Novikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Michael G Medvedev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai V Krivoshchapov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 (3), Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Korlyukov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova Street, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Fl 32306, United States
| | - Alexander O Terent Ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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6
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Xu J, Zhang Y, Han J, Su A, Qiao H, Zhang C, Tang J, Shen X, Sun B, Yu W, Zhai S, Wang X, Wu Y, Su W, Duan H. Providing direction for mechanistic inferences in radical cascade cyclization using Transformer model. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00188h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Even in modern organic chemistry, predicting or proposing a reaction mechanism and speculating on reaction intermediates remains challenging. For example, it is challenging to predict the regioselectivity of radical attraction...
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7
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Liao J, Yang X, Ouyang L, Lai Y, Huang J, Luo R. Recent advances in cascade radical cyclization of radical acceptors for the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01453b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This review is devoted to highlighting main achievements in the development of cascade radical cyclization of radical acceptors for the synthesis of carbo- and heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Lu Ouyang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yinlong Lai
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shaoguan University
- Shaoguan 512005
- China
| | - Jiuzhong Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Renshi Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Gannan Medical University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
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8
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Kawade RK, Hu C, Dos Santos NR, Watson N, Lin X, Hanson K, Alabugin IV. Phenalenannulations: Three-Point Double Annulation Reactions that Convert Benzenes into Pyrenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14352-14357. [PMID: 32495480 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
3-Point annulations, or phenalenannulations, transform a benzene ring directly into a substituted pyrene by "wrapping" two new cycles around the perimeter of the central ring at three consecutive carbon atoms. This efficient, modular, and general method for π-extension opens access to non-symmetric pyrenes and their expanded analogues. Potentially, this approach can convert any aromatic ring bearing a -CH2 Br or a -CHO group into a pyrene moiety. Depending upon the workup choices, the process can be directed towards either tin- or iodo-substituted product formation, giving complementary choices for further various cross-coupling reactions. The two-directional bis-double annulation adds two new polyaromatic extensions with a total of six new aromatic rings at a central core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kisan Kawade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4390, USA
| | - Chaowei Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4390, USA
| | - Nikolas R Dos Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4390, USA
| | - Noelle Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4390, USA
| | - Xinsong Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4390, USA
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4390, USA
| | - Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4390, USA
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9
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Kawade RK, Hu C, Dos Santos NR, Watson N, Lin X, Hanson K, Alabugin IV. Phenalenannulations: Three‐Point Double Annulation Reactions that Convert Benzenes into Pyrenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kisan Kawade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Chaowei Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Nikolas R. Dos Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Noelle Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Xinsong Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306-4390 USA
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10
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Paulisch TO, Strieth-Kalthoff F, Henkel C, Pitzer L, Guldi DM, Glorius F. Chain propagation determines the chemo- and regioselectivity of alkyl radical additions to C-O vs. C-C double bonds. Chem Sci 2020; 11:731-736. [PMID: 33209246 PMCID: PMC7640737 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04846d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations into the selectivity of intermolecular alkyl radical additions to C-O- vs. C-C-double bonds in α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds are described. Therefore, a photoredox-initiated radical chain reaction is explored, where the activation of the carbonyl-group through an in situ generated Lewis acid - originating from the substrate - enables the formation of either C-O or the C-C-addition products. α,β-Unsaturated aldehydes form selectively 1,2-, while esters and ketones form the corresponding 1,4-addition products exclusively. Computational studies lead to reason that this chemo- and regioselectivity is determined by the consecutive step, i.e. an electron transfer, after reversible radical addition, which eventually propagates the radical chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany O Paulisch
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Felix Strieth-Kalthoff
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Christian Henkel
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Egerlandstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Lena Pitzer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Egerlandstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
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11
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Akkarasereenon K, Tangdenpaisal K, Ruchirawat S, Ploypradith P. Chemoselective acid-catalyzed [4 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions of ortho-quinone methides and styrenes/stilbenes/cinnamates. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8854-8866. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemoselective [4 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions between o-QMs and different olefins—styrenes, stilbenes, and cinnamates—yielded distinct cycloadducts in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornkamon Akkarasereenon
- Program in Chemical Sciences
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute
- Chulabhorn Royal Academy
- Bangkok
- Thailand
| | | | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Program in Chemical Sciences
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute
- Chulabhorn Royal Academy
- Bangkok
- Thailand
| | - Poonsakdi Ploypradith
- Program in Chemical Sciences
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute
- Chulabhorn Royal Academy
- Bangkok
- Thailand
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12
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Zou L, Wang L, Sun L, Xie X, Li P. Photo-driven haloazidation cyclization of 1,5-enynes having cyano groups with TMSN3 and NIS/NCS/NBS under metal-free conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7933-7936. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02471f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-driven three-component haloazidation cyclization of 1,5-enynes having cyano groups with TMSN3 and N-iodo(bromo/chloro)succinimide (NIS/NCS/NBS) under metal-free conditions was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zou
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou
- Zhejiang
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Taizhou University
- Taizhou
- Zhejiang
- P. R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Xie
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Huaibei Normal University
- Huaibei
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
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13
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Kumar R, Chandra A, Mir BA, Shukla G. Cu(I)-Catalyzed Oxygen and Nitrogen Nucleophiles Triggered Regioselective Synthesis of Furo/Pyrrolo-Annulated Quinolines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10710-10723. [PMID: 31389233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cu(I)-catalyzed intramolecular annulation of o-ethynylquinoline-3-carbaldehydes leads to the synthesis of alkoxy/imidazole-substituted 1,3-dihydrofuro[3,4-b]quinolines via C-O and C-N bond formation. The scope of the reaction was further extended to o-ethynylquinoline-3-carbonitriles for the synthesis of alkoxy-substituted 3H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinolines using alcohols as nucleophiles. These reactions are regioselectively favoring the 5-exo-dig cyclizations in all the annulation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritush Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , India
| | - Atish Chandra
- Centre of Biomedical Research , SGPGI Campus, Raibarely Road , Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh 226014 , India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Mir
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , India
| | - Gaurav Shukla
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , India
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14
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Yan B, Fu Y, Zhu H, Chen Z. Synthesis of Divergent Benzo[b]fluorenones through Cycloaromatization Reactions of 1,5-Enynols and 1,5-Diynols. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4246-4262. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
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15
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Gomes GDP, Loginova Y, Vatsadze SZ, Alabugin IV. Isonitriles as Stereoelectronic Chameleons: The Donor-Acceptor Dichotomy in Radical Additions. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14272-14288. [PMID: 30270623 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Radical addition to isonitriles (isocyanides) starts and continues all the way to the transition state (TS) mostly as a simple addition to a polarized π-bond. Only after the TS has been passed, the spin density moves to the α-carbon to form the imidoyl radical, the hallmark intermediate of the 1,1-addition-mediated cascades. Addition of alkyl, aryl, heteroatom-substituted, and heteroatom-centered radicals reveals a number of electronic, supramolecular, and conformational effects potentially useful for the practical control of isonitrile-mediated radical cascade transformations. Addition of alkyl radicals reveals two stereoelectronic preferences. First, the radical attack aligns the incipient C···C bond with the aromatic π-system. Second, one of the C-H/C-C bonds at the radical carbon eclipses the isonitrile N-C bond. Combination of these stereoelectronic preferences with entropic penalty explains why the least exergonic reaction (addition of the t-Bu radical) is also the fastest. Heteroatomic radicals reveal further unusual trends. In particular, the Sn radical addition to the PhNC is much faster than addition of the other group IV radicals, despite forming the weakest bond. This combination of kinetic and thermodynamic properties is ideal for applications in control of radical reactivity via dynamic covalent chemistry and may be responsible for the historically broad utility of Sn radicals ("the tyranny of tin"). In addition to polarity and low steric hindrance, radical attack at the relatively strong π-bond of isonitriles is assisted by "chameleonic" supramolecular interactions of the radical center with both the isonitrile π*-system and lone pair. These interactions are yet another manifestation of supramolecular control of radical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Dos Passos Gomes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32309 , United States
| | - Yulia Loginova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , 1-3 Leninskiye Gory , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Sergey Z Vatsadze
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Lomonosov Moscow State University , 1-3 Leninskiye Gory , Moscow 119991 , Russia
| | - Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32309 , United States
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16
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Hou H, Li H, Xu Y, Song C, Wang C, Shi Y, Han Y, Yan C, Zhu S. Visible-Light-Mediated Chlorosulfonylative Cyclizations of 1,6-Enynes. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu; People's Republic of China
| | - Hengxue Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu; People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu; People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanqi Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu; People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu; People's Republic of China
| | - Yaocheng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu; People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu; People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoguo Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu; People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqun Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu; People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry; Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry; University of Nottingham, Nottingham; United Kingdom
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17
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Virumbrales C, Suárez-Pantiga S, Solas M, Fernández-Rodríguez MA, Sanz R. Gold(i)-catalyzed diastereoselective synthesis of 1-α-oxybenzyl-1H-indenes. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:2623-2628. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00406d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The gold(i)-catalyzed oxycyclization of β-aryl monosubstituted o-(alkynyl)styrenes gives rise to 1-α-methoxy or 1-α-hydroxybenzyl-1H-indenes in a diastereospecific way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Virumbrales
- Área de Química Orgánica
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos
| | - Samuel Suárez-Pantiga
- Área de Química Orgánica
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos
| | - Marta Solas
- Área de Química Orgánica
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos
| | | | - Roberto Sanz
- Área de Química Orgánica
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de Burgos
- 09001 Burgos
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18
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Cao X, Cheng X, Xuan J. Arylsulfonyl Radical Triggered 1,6-Enyne Cyclization: Synthesis of γ-Lactams Containing Alkenyl C–X Bonds. Org Lett 2017; 20:449-452. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Jun Xuan
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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19
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Kumar R, Asthana M, Singh RM. Pd-Catalyzed One-Pot Stepwise Synthesis of Benzo[b][1,6]naphthyridines from 2-Chloroquinoline-3-carbonitriles Using Sulfur and Amines As Nucleophiles. J Org Chem 2017; 82:11531-11542. [PMID: 28980473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed one-pot stepwise coupling-annulation reaction of 2-chloroqunoline-3-carbonitriles enabled the direct synthesis of sulfur-substituted benzo[b][1,6]naphthyridines via multiple bond formation. The reaction provided an unusual mode for cyclization as sodium sulfide, a soft nucleophile, preferred to attack on the carbon of the nitrile group rather than on the C-C triple bond. The developed chemistry was extended with the secondary amines as nucleophiles to afford nitrogen-substituted benzo[b][1,6]naphythyridines while primary amines afforded hydroamination products . The hydromination products were transformed to benzo[b][1,6]naphthyridones via a base-mediated cyclization reaction. The developed protocol features inexpensive and easily synthesizable starting materials, easy operations, and a high efficiency and tolerance to a broad range of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritush Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Assam-781039, India.,Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Mrityunjaya Asthana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Assam-781039, India
| | - Radhey M Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi-221005, India
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20
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Abstract
We reported a visible-light-induced difluoroalkylation and cyclization cascade reaction of 1,8-enynes with broad substrate scopes in up to 92% isolated yields. This method provides a sustainable and efficient access to the synthesis of difluoroalkylated tetracyclic compounds under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350116, China
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21
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Evoniuk CJ, Gomes GDP, Ly M, White FD, Alabugin IV. Coupling Radical Homoallylic Expansions with C–C Fragmentations for the Synthesis of Heteroaromatics: Quinolines from Reactions of o-Alkenylarylisonitriles with Aryl, Alkyl, and Perfluoroalkyl Radicals. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4265-4278. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Evoniuk
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Gabriel dos Passos Gomes
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Michelle Ly
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Frankie D. White
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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22
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Chaudhari TY, Ginotra SK, Tandon V. Facile access to functionalized indenes and fused quinolines by regioselective 5-enolexo-dig Michael addition and cyclization reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:9319-9330. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02498c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a facile approach to synthesise multi-substituted indenes and cyclopenta[b]quinolines under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vibha Tandon
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- New Delhi-110067
- India
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23
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Xuan J, Studer A. Radical cascade cyclization of 1,n-enynes and diynes for the synthesis of carbocycles and heterocycles. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4329-4346. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00912c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in radical cascade cyclization of 1,n-enynes and diynes for the construction of carbo- and heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xuan
- Department of Chemistry
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- People's Republic of China
| | - Armido Studer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Westfälische Wilhems-University
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
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24
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Xuan J, Daniliuc CG, Studer A. Construction of Polycyclic γ-Lactams and Related Heterocycles via Electron Catalysis. Org Lett 2016; 18:6372-6375. [PMID: 27978670 PMCID: PMC5168651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Cascade radical cyclization of 1,6-enynes
for the construction
of biologically important polycyclic γ-lactams and related heterocycles
is reported. In these radical cascade processes, three new C–C
bonds are formed and transition metals are not required to run these
sequences. The mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and
the importance of the heterocyclic products render the approach valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xuan
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University , Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstraβe 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstraβe 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Corrensstraβe 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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25
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Peterson PW, Shevchenko N, Breiner B, Manoharan M, Lufti F, Delaune J, Kingsley M, Kovnir K, Alabugin IV. Orbital Crossings Activated through Electron Injection: Opening Communication between Orthogonal Orbitals in Anionic C1–C5 Cyclizations of Enediynes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15617-15628. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32301, United States
| | - Nikolay Shevchenko
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32301, United States
| | - Boris Breiner
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32301, United States
| | - Mariappan Manoharan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32301, United States
| | - Forat Lufti
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32301, United States
| | - Jess Delaune
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32301, United States
| | - Margaret Kingsley
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32301, United States
| | - Kirill Kovnir
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32301, United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32301, United States
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26
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Ji SP, Liu LW, Chen F, Ren HX, Yang Y, Zhang ZB, Peng L, Wang LX. Enantioselective Nitroso Aldol Intramolecular Transesterification Cyclization Domino Reaction for Highly Effective Construction of Chiral Spirooxindoles. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Ping Ji
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province; Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 610041 Chengdu People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100039 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Lin-Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province; Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 610041 Chengdu People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100039 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province; Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 610041 Chengdu People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100039 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Hong-Xia Ren
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province; Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 610041 Chengdu People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100039 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province; Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 610041 Chengdu People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100039 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province; Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 610041 Chengdu People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100039 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Lin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province; Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 610041 Chengdu People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan Province; Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 610041 Chengdu People's Republic of China
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27
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Radical Cascade Cyclization: Reaction of 1,6-Enynes with Aryl Radicals by Electron Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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Mohamed RK, Mondal S, Guerrera JV, Eaton TM, Albrecht‐Schmitt TE, Shatruk M, Alabugin IV. Alkynes as Linchpins for the Additive Annulation of Biphenyls: Convergent Construction of Functionalized Fused Helicenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:12054-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana K. Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | - Sayantan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | - Joseph V. Guerrera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | - Teresa M. Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | | | - Michael Shatruk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
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29
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Mohamed RK, Mondal S, Guerrera JV, Eaton TM, Albrecht‐Schmitt TE, Shatruk M, Alabugin IV. Alkynes as Linchpins for the Additive Annulation of Biphenyls: Convergent Construction of Functionalized Fused Helicenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana K. Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | - Sayantan Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | - Joseph V. Guerrera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | - Teresa M. Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | | | - Michael Shatruk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
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30
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Kinoshita H, Fukumoto H, Tohjima T, Miura K. Diisobutylaluminum hydride-promoted cyclization of benzyl and phenylsilyl ethers bearing a 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl group: syntheses of indenes and benzosiloles. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Aguilar E, Sanz R, Fernández-Rodríguez MA, García-García P. 1,3-Dien-5-ynes: Versatile Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Carbo- and Heterocycles. Chem Rev 2016; 116:8256-311. [PMID: 27410164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
1,3-Dien-5-ynes have been extensively used as starting materials for the synthesis of a wide number of different carbo- and heterocycles. The aim of this review is to give an overview of their utility in organic synthesis, highlighting the variety of compounds that can be directly accessed from single reactions over these systems. Thus, cycloaromatization processes are initially commented, followed by reactions directed toward the syntheses of five-membered rings, other carbocycles and, finally, heterocycles. The diverse methodologies that have been developed for the synthesis of each of these types of compounds from 1,3-dien-5-ynes are presented, emphasizing the influence of the reaction conditions and the use of additional reagents in the outcome of the transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Aguilar
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Universidad de Oviedo , C/Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Roberto Sanz
- Departamento de Química, Área de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos , Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Manuel A Fernández-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química, Área de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos , Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Patricia García-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá , 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Curran DP, McFadden TR. Understanding Initiation with Triethylboron and Oxygen: The Differences between Low-Oxygen and High-Oxygen Regimes. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7741-52. [PMID: 27243276 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A unified kinetic theory for both initiation and autoxidation reactions of Et3B and O2 is put forth, and then divided into low-oxygen and high-oxygen experimental regimes for application of Et3B/O2 as an initiating system. In the low-oxygen regime, only long, efficient chains can be initiated. In the high-oxygen regime, less efficient chains can be initiated but they must compete with autoxidation. We apply the analysis along with new experimental results to show why AIBN and Et3B/O2 give different stereochemical results in hydrostannation reactions of propargyl silyl ethers. Counterintuitively, AIBN is the better initiator, initiating both the rapid chain hydrostannation and the subsequent slow E/Z isomerization. AIBN gives the thermodynamic results. Et3B/O2 is the poorer initiator, initiating only the hydrostannation and not the isomerization. Et3B gives the kinetic result. We further apply the analysis to understand recent results in Et3B/water reductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis P Curran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Timothy R McFadden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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33
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Pati K, Gomes GDP, Harris T, Alabugin IV. Fused Catechol Ethers from Gold(I)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Reaction of Propargyl Ethers with Acetals. Org Lett 2016; 18:928-31. [PMID: 26886747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Selective gold(I)-catalyzed rearrangement of aromatic methoxypropynyl acetals leads to fused catechol ethers (1,2-dialkoxynapthalenes) in excellent yields. Furthermore, this process extends to the analogous heterocyclic and aliphatic substrates. Alkyne activation triggers nucleophilic addition of the acetal oxygen that leads to an equilibrating mixture of oxonium ions of similar stability. This mixture is "kinetically self-sorted" via a highly exothermic cyclization. Selective formation of 1,2-dialkoxy naphthalenes originates from chemoselective aromatization of the cyclic intermediate via 1,4-elimination of methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalkishore Pati
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Gabriel dos Passos Gomes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Trevor Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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34
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Chen ZZ, Liu S, Hao WJ, Xu G, Wu S, Miao JN, Jiang B, Wang SL, Tu SJ, Li G. Catalytic arylsulfonyl radical-triggered 1,5-enyne-bicyclizations and hydrosulfonylation of α,β-conjugates. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6654-6658. [PMID: 26568814 PMCID: PMC4608173 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02343b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic bicyclization of 1,5-enynes anchored by α,β-conjugates with arylsulfonyl radicals was established using TBAI and Cu(OAc)2 as co-catalysts.
A catalytic bicyclization reaction of 1,5-enynes anchored by α,β-conjugates with arylsulfonyl radicals generated in situ from sulfonyl hydrazides has been established using TBAI (20 mol%) and Cu(OAc)2 (5 mol%) as co-catalysts under convenient conditions. In addition, the use of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as the oxidant and pivalic acid (PivOH) as an additive was proven to be necessary for this reaction. The reactions occurred through 5-exo-dig/6-endo-trig bicyclizations and homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS) cascade mechanisms to give benzo[b]fluorens regioselectively. A similar catalytic process was developed for the synthesis of γ-ketosulfones. These reactions feature readily accessible starting materials and simple one-pot operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , 211116 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +8651683500065
| | - Shuai Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , 211116 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +8651683500065
| | - Wen-Juan Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , 211116 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +8651683500065
| | - Ge Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , 211116 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +8651683500065
| | - Shuo Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , 211116 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +8651683500065
| | - Jiao-Na Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , 211116 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +8651683500065
| | - Bo Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , 211116 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +8651683500065
| | - Shu-Liang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , 211116 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +8651683500065
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials , Jiangsu Normal University , Xuzhou , 211116 , P. R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +8651683500065
| | - Guigen Li
- Institute of Chemistry & BioMedical Sciences , Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences , School of Chem. and Chem. Eng. , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093 , P. R. China ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , TX 79409-1061 , USA .
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35
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Arif T, Borie C, Tintaru A, Naubron JV, Vanthuyne N, Bertrand MP, Nechab M. Organocopper-Triggered Cyclisation of Conjugated Diene-ynes: Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Indenes. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Hu M, Liu B, Ouyang XH, Song RJ, Li JH. Nitrative Cyclization of 1-Ethynyl-2-(vinyloxy)benzenes to Access 1-[2-(Nitromethyl)benzofuran-3-yl] Ketones Through Dioxygen Activation. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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37
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Pati K, Michas C, Allenger D, Piskun I, Coutros PS, Gomes GDP, Alabugin IV. Synthesis of Functionalized Phenanthrenes via Regioselective Oxidative Radical Cyclization. J Org Chem 2015; 80:11706-17. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamalkishore Pati
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Christopher Michas
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - David Allenger
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Ilya Piskun
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Peter S. Coutros
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Gabriel dos Passos Gomes
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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38
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Mohamed RK, Mondal S, Gold B, Evoniuk CJ, Banerjee T, Hanson K, Alabugin IV. Alkenes as Alkyne Equivalents in Radical Cascades Terminated by Fragmentations: Overcoming Stereoelectronic Restrictions on Ring Expansions for the Preparation of Expanded Polyaromatics. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6335-49. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana K. Mohamed
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Sayantan Mondal
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Brian Gold
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | | | - Tanmay Banerjee
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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39
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Pati K, dos Passos Gomes G, Harris T, Hughes A, Phan H, Banerjee T, Hanson K, Alabugin IV. Traceless Directing Groups in Radical Cascades: From Oligoalkynes to Fused Helicenes without Tethered Initiators. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1165-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ja510563d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamalkishore Pati
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Gabriel dos Passos Gomes
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Trevor Harris
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Audrey Hughes
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Tanmay Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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40
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Evoniuk CJ, Ly M, Alabugin IV. Coupling cyclizations with fragmentations for the preparation of heteroaromatics: quinolines from o-alkenyl arylisocyanides and boronic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:12831-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04391c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stereoelectronic restrictions on homoallylic ring expansion in alkyne cascades can be overcome by using alkenes as synthetic equivalents of alkynes in reaction cascades that are terminated by C–C bond fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- UK
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida State University
- Tallahassee
- UK
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41
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Novel radical tandem 1,6-enynes thioacylation/cyclization: Au–Pd nanoparticles catalysis versus thermal activation as a function of the substrate specificity. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.10.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Metal-Free Radical5-exo-dig Cyclizations of Phenol-Linked 1,6-Enynes for the Synthesis of Carbonylated Benzofurans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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43
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Hu M, Song RJ, Li JH. Metal-Free Radical5-exo-dig Cyclizations of Phenol-Linked 1,6-Enynes for the Synthesis of Carbonylated Benzofurans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:608-12. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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44
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Kinoshita H, Hirai N, Miura K. Diisobutylaluminum hydride promoted cyclization of o-(trimethylsilylethynyl)styrenes to indenes. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8171-81. [PMID: 25093271 DOI: 10.1021/jo501383v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of o-(trimethylsilylethynyl)styrenes with diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H) provides 2-trimethylsilyl-1H-indenes efficiently. The cyclization mechanism involves regioselective hydroalumination of the alkynyl moiety, geometrical isomerization of the alkenylaluminums formed, and intramolecular carboalumination. With substrates bearing a 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethenyl group (R(1) = Me3Si, R(2) = R(3) = H), bis-silylated benzofulvenes are obtained upon treatment of the reaction mixture with an excess amount of benzaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Kinoshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , 255 Shimo-ohkubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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45
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Mondal S, Gold B, Mohamed RK, Phan H, Alabugin IV. Rerouting Radical Cascades: Intercepting the Homoallyl Ring Expansion in Enyne Cyclizations via C–S Scission. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7491-501. [DOI: 10.1021/jo5012043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayantan Mondal
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Brian Gold
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Rana K. Mohamed
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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46
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Gold B, Batsomboon P, Dudley GB, Alabugin IV. Alkynyl Crown Ethers as a Scaffold for Hyperconjugative Assistance in Noncatalyzed Azide–Alkyne Click Reactions: Ion Sensing through Enhanced Transition-State Stabilization. J Org Chem 2014; 79:6221-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jo500958n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Gold
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Paratchata Batsomboon
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Gregory B. Dudley
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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47
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Mondal S, Gold B, Mohamed RK, Alabugin IV. Design of Leaving Groups in Radical CC Fragmentations: Through-Bond 2c-3e Interactions in Self-Terminating Radical Cascades. Chemistry 2014; 20:8664-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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48
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Pati K, Alabugin IV. Synthesis of Substituted Biaryls through Gold-Catalyzed Petasis-Ferrier Rearrangement of Propargyl Ethers. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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