1
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Yu H, Xu F. Advances in the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds by in situ benzyne cycloaddition. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8238-8253. [PMID: 36922948 PMCID: PMC10010163 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00400g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are prevalent in various natural products, medicines, agrochemicals, and organic functional materials. Among strategies to prepare nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, pathways involving benzyne intermediates are attractive given that they can readily assemble highly diverse heterocyclic compounds in a step-economical manner under transition-metal-free conditions. The synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds from benzyne intermediates offers an alternative strategy to the conventional metal-catalyzed activation approaches. In the past years, chemists have witnessed the revival of benzyne chemistry, mainly attributed to the wide application of various novel benzyne precursors. The cycloaddition of benzynes is a powerful tool for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, which can be constructed by [n + 2] cyclization of benzyne intermediates in situ generated from benzyne precursors under mild reaction conditions. This review focuses on the application of cycloaddition reactions involving in situ benzynes in the construction of various nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shizhen College of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang Guizhou 550200 China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Guiyang University Guiyang Guizhou 550005 P. R. China
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2
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Bala M, Singh V. Self-Moving blooming drops of dimethyl sulfoxide containing benzyne intermediate for solutal transport. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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O'Sullivan L, Patel KV, Rowley BC, Brownsey DK, Gorobets E, Gelfand BS, Van Humbeck JF, Derksen DJ. Regioselective Synthesis of C3-Hydroxyarylated Pyrazoles. J Org Chem 2021; 87:846-854. [PMID: 34905376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazoles are ubiquitous structures in medicinal chemistry. We report the first regioselective route to C3-hydroxyarylated pyrazoles obtained through reaction of pyrazole N-oxides with arynes using mild conditions. Importantly, this method does not require the C4 and C5 positions of the pyrazole to be functionalized to observe regioselectivity. Using this method, we completed the synthesis of a recently reported JAK 1/2 inhibitor. Our synthesis produces the desired product in 4 steps from commercially available starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie O'Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Ketul V Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Ben C Rowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Duncan K Brownsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Evgueni Gorobets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
| | | | - Darren J Derksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
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4
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Lanzi M, Ali Abdine RA, De Abreu M, Wencel-Delord J. Cyclic Diaryl λ 3-Bromanes: A Rapid Access to Molecular Complexity via Cycloaddition Reactions. Org Lett 2021; 23:9047-9052. [PMID: 34806390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Biaryls have widespread applications in organic synthesis. However, sequentially polysubstituted biaryls are underdeveloped due to their challenging preparation. Herein, we report the synthesis of dissymetric 2,3,2',3',4-substituted biaryls via pericyclic reactions of cyclic diaryl λ3-bromanes. The functional groups tolerance and atom economy allow access to molecular complexity in a single reaction step. Continuous flow protocol has been designed for the scale-up of the reaction, while postfunctionalizations have been developed taking advantage of the residual Br-atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lanzi
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Racha Abed Ali Abdine
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maxime De Abreu
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joanna Wencel-Delord
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (UMR CNRS 7042), Université de Strasbourg/Université de Haute Alsace, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Lianggui Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, P. R. China, 400030
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6
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Ikawa T, Masuda S, Akai S. One‐Pot Generation of Benzynes from Phenols: Formation of Primary Anilines by the Deoxyamination of Phenols. Chemistry 2020; 26:4320-4332. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University Yamadaoka 1–6 Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shigeaki Masuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University Yamadaoka 1–6 Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Osaka University Yamadaoka 1–6 Suita Osaka 565-0871 Japan
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7
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Ikawa T, Sun J, Takagi A, Akai S. One-Pot Generation of Functionalized Benzynes from Readily Available 2-Hydroxyphenylboronic Acids. J Org Chem 2020; 85:3383-3392. [PMID: 32013426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We developed a one-pot method for the generation of benzynes from a range of readily available 2-hydroxyphenylboronic acids. This method features the in situ activation of both boronic acid and hydroxyl groups of the substrate to enhance benzyne generation at 60 °C. Such mild conditions facilitate the generation of functionalized benzynes that immediately react with diverse arynophiles to produce multisubstituted fused benzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - JingKai Sun
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akira Takagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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8
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Muraca ACA, Raminelli C. Exploring Possible Surrogates for Kobayashi's Aryne Precursors. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2440-2457. [PMID: 32064404 PMCID: PMC7017410 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A class of aryne precursors, that is, 2-(trimethylsilyl)aryl 4-chlorobenzenesulfonates, has been developed through well-established synthetic routes, which allow the formation of arynes under relatively mild conditions. All the aryne precursors were obtained from phenols and 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride, an inexpensive and easy-to-handle reagent with relatively low toxicity, and subjected to nucleophilic addition reactions, providing addition products in yields of 24 to 92%, and to cycloaddition reactions, affording cycloadducts in yields up to 80%. This work provides interesting insights into the mechanisms of aryne generation. In addition, 2-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl 4-chlorobenzenesulfonate was successfully employed in the total synthesis of (±)-aporphine.
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9
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Zhao J, Li H, Li P, Wang L. Annulation of Benzamides with Arynes Using Palladium with Photoredox Dual Catalysis. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9007-9016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Hongji Li
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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10
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Devaraj K, Ingner FJL, Sollert C, Gates PJ, Orthaber A, Pilarski LT. Arynes and Their Precursors from Arylboronic Acids via Catalytic C-H Silylation. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5863-5871. [PMID: 30835118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new, operationally simple approach is presented to access arynes and their fluoride-activated precursors based on Ru-catalyzed C-H silylation of arylboronates. Chromatographic purification may be deferred until after aryne capture, rendering the arylboronates de facto precursors. Access to various new arynes and their derivatives is demonstrated, including, for the first time, those based on a 2,3-carbazolyne and 2,3-fluorenyne core, which pave the way for novel derivatizations of motifs relevant to materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Devaraj
- Department of Chemistry - BMC , Uppsala University , Box 576, Uppsala 75-123 , Sweden
| | - Fredric J L Ingner
- Department of Chemistry - BMC , Uppsala University , Box 576, Uppsala 75-123 , Sweden
| | - Carina Sollert
- Department of Chemistry - BMC , Uppsala University , Box 576, Uppsala 75-123 , Sweden
| | - Paul J Gates
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Clifton, Bristol BS8 1TS , United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratories , Uppsala University , Box 523, Uppsala 75-120 , Sweden
| | - Lukasz T Pilarski
- Department of Chemistry - BMC , Uppsala University , Box 576, Uppsala 75-123 , Sweden
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11
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Uchida K, Yoshida S, Hosoya T. Synthetic Aryne Chemistry toward Multicomponent Coupling. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Suguru Yoshida
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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12
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Korb M, Lang H. The anionic Fries rearrangement: a convenient route to ortho-functionalized aromatics. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2829-2882. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00830b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The scope and mechanism of anionic (hetero-) Fries rearrangements are summarized for various migrating groups and arenes, including applications and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Korb
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Chemnitz
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Chemnitz
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13
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Liu B, Mao C, Hu Q, Yao L, Hu Y. Direct methylation and carbonylation of in situ generated arynes via HDDA-Wittig coupling. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00621d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A high-efficiency HDDA-Wittig coupling strategy for synthesis of fully functionalized benzenes is reported. Direct methylation and carbonylation of aryne intermediates reacted with phosphorus ylides to form the carbonylated 2,3-dihydro-1H-indenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- State Laboratory Cultivation Base; College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
| | - Chunyan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- State Laboratory Cultivation Base; College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
| | - Qiong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- State Laboratory Cultivation Base; College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
| | - Liangliang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- State Laboratory Cultivation Base; College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
| | - Yimin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids
- Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials
- State Laboratory Cultivation Base; College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Anhui Normal University
- Wuhu
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14
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Akwi FM, Watts P. Continuous flow chemistry: where are we now? Recent applications, challenges and limitations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:13894-13928. [PMID: 30483683 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc07427e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A general outlook of the changing face of chemical synthesis is provided in this article through recent applications of continuous flow processing in both industry and academia. The benefits, major challenges and limitations associated with the use of this mode of processing are also given due attention as an attempt to put into perspective the current position of continuous flow processing, either as an alternative or potential combinatory technology for batch processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith M Akwi
- Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa.
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15
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Takagi A. Development of Efficient Methods for Benzyne Generation. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2018; 138:27-35. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.17-00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
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16
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Yoshida S, Kuribara T, Morita T, Matsuzawa T, Morimoto K, Kobayashi T, Hosoya T. Expanding the synthesizable multisubstituted benzo[b]thiophenes via 6,7-thienobenzynes generated from o-silylaryl triflate-type precursors. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21754-21758. [PMID: 35541723 PMCID: PMC9081209 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04035d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Various 2,3-disubstituted 6,7-thienobenzynes have been efficiently generated from the corresponding o-silylaryl triflate-type precursors by activation with fluoride ions. The method has expanded the scope of synthesizable multisubstituted benzothiophenes, including those with various heteroatom substituents, and can be applied to the synthesis of EP4 antagonist analogs. Various multisubstituted benzothiophenes, including those with various heteroatom substituents and EP4 antagonist analogs, have been prepared easily via 6,7-thienobenzynes generated from o-silylaryl triflate-type precursors.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yoshida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
- Tokyo 101-0062
- Japan
| | - Tomoko Kuribara
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
- Tokyo 101-0062
- Japan
| | - Takamoto Morita
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
- Tokyo 101-0062
- Japan
| | - Tsubasa Matsuzawa
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
- Tokyo 101-0062
- Japan
| | - Kazushi Morimoto
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology
- Graduate School of Medicine
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology
- Graduate School of Medicine
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 606-8501
- Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
- Tokyo 101-0062
- Japan
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17
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Kwon YJ, Jeon YK, Sim HB, Oh IY, Shin I, Kim WS. 3-Hydroxy-2-(trialkylsilyl)phenyl Triflate: A Benzyne Precursor Triggered via 1,3-C-sp 2-to-O Silyl Migration. Org Lett 2017; 19:6224-6227. [PMID: 29112429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
3-Hydroxy-2-(trialkylsilyl)phenyl triflates are presented as new versatile hydroxyaryne precursors. These are base-activated aryne precursors induced via a C-sp2-to-O 1,3-Brook rearrangement. The reaction of various arynophiles and 3-trialkylsiloxybenzyne generated from 3-hydroxy-2-(trialkylsilyl)phenyl triflate efficiently afforded highly regioselective phenol derivatives. Furthermore, through crossover experiments, the intramolecular mechanism of silyl migration was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ju Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Young-Kyo Jeon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Ha-Bin Sim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - In-Young Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Inji Shin
- Department of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon 34602, Korea.,Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34101, Korea
| | - Won-Suk Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University , Seoul 03760, Korea
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18
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Plutschack MB, Pieber B, Gilmore K, Seeberger PH. The Hitchhiker's Guide to Flow Chemistry ∥. Chem Rev 2017; 117:11796-11893. [PMID: 28570059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1020] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Flow chemistry involves the use of channels or tubing to conduct a reaction in a continuous stream rather than in a flask. Flow equipment provides chemists with unique control over reaction parameters enhancing reactivity or in some cases enabling new reactions. This relatively young technology has received a remarkable amount of attention in the past decade with many reports on what can be done in flow. Until recently, however, the question, "Should we do this in flow?" has merely been an afterthought. This review introduces readers to the basic principles and fundamentals of flow chemistry and critically discusses recent flow chemistry accounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Plutschack
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kerry Gilmore
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Ikawa T, Masuda S, Nakajima H, Akai S. 2-(Trimethylsilyl)phenyl Trimethylsilyl Ethers as Stable and Readily Accessible Benzyne Precursors. J Org Chem 2017; 82:4242-4253. [PMID: 28247765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stable 2-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl trimethylsilyl ethers, readily obtained from the corresponding halogenated phenols in two steps, were identified as novel benzyne precursors. These species were converted to benzynes by a domino reaction of O-desilylation, O-nonaflylation, and β-elimination under mild conditions using nonafluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride (NfF) and tetrabutylammonium triphenyldifluorosilicate (TBAT). The generated benzynes were trapped by various arynophiles to afford a wide variety of benzo-fused heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Masuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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20
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Abstract
The synthesis of biaryls from benzyne intermediates offers an alternative strategy to conventional metal-catalyzed cross-coupling approaches.
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21
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Lidster BJ, Kumar DR, Spring AM, Yu CY, Helliwell M, Raftery J, Turner ML. Alkyl substituted [2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-dienes. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6079-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00885b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Highly strained alkyl-substituted [2.2]paracyclophane-1,9-dienes, suitable for ring opening metathesis polymerization to poly(phenylene vinylenes), have been prepared in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Lidster
- Organic Materials Innovation Centre
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Dharam R. Kumar
- Organic Materials Innovation Centre
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Andrew M. Spring
- Organic Materials Innovation Centre
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Chin-Yang Yu
- Organic Materials Innovation Centre
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Madeleine Helliwell
- Organic Materials Innovation Centre
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - James Raftery
- Organic Materials Innovation Centre
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Michael L. Turner
- Organic Materials Innovation Centre
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
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22
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Ley SV, Fitzpatrick DE, Myers RM, Battilocchio C, Ingham RJ. Machine-Assisted Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10122-36. [PMID: 26193360 PMCID: PMC4834626 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this Review we describe how the advent of machines is impacting on organic synthesis programs, with particular emphasis on the practical issues associated with the design of chemical reactors. In the rapidly changing, multivariant environment of the research laboratory, equipment needs to be modular to accommodate high and low temperatures and pressures, enzymes, multiphase systems, slurries, gases, and organometallic compounds. Additional technologies have been developed to facilitate more specialized reaction techniques such as electrochemical and photochemical methods. All of these areas create both opportunities and challenges during adoption as enabling technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven V Ley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (UK).
| | - Daniel E Fitzpatrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (UK)
| | - Rebecca M Myers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (UK)
| | - Claudio Battilocchio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (UK)
| | - Richard J Ingham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW (UK)
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Ley SV, Fitzpatrick DE, Myers RM, Battilocchio C, Ingham RJ. Maschinengestützte organische Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Ikawa T, Yamamoto R, Takagi A, Ito T, Shimizu K, Goto M, Hamashima Y, Akai S. 2-[(Neopentyl glycolato)boryl]phenyl Triflates and Halides for Fluoride Ion-Mediated Generation of Functionalized Benzynes. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Yoshida S, Uchida K, Hosoya T. Generation of Arynes Using Trimethylsilylmethyl Grignard Reagent for Activation of ortho-Iodoaryl or ortho-Sulfinylaryl Triflates. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Yoshida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Keisuke Uchida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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26
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Shi J, Qiu D, Wang J, Xu H, Li Y. Domino Aryne Precursor: Efficient Construction of 2,4-Disubstituted Benzothiazoles. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:5670-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Dachuan Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Hai Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, P. R. China
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27
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Garve LKB, Werz DB. Pd-catalyzed three-component coupling of terminal alkynes, arynes, and vinyl cyclopropane dicarboxylate. Org Lett 2015; 17:596-9. [PMID: 25625685 DOI: 10.1021/ol503609d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed three-component coupling involving in situ generated arynes, terminal alkynes, and vinyl cyclopropane dicarboxylate has been developed. The process demonstrates the first example of aryne chemistry combined with the ring opening of vinyl cyclopropanes. This efficient method using readily available starting materials generates two new carbon-carbon bonds in one pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart K B Garve
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Organische Chemie , Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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28
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García-López JA, Çetin M, Greaney MF. Double heteroatom functionalization of arenes using benzyne three-component coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:2156-9. [PMID: 25580700 PMCID: PMC4832838 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Arynes participate in three-component coupling reactions with N, S, P, and Se functionalities to yield 1,2-heteroatom-difunctionalized arenes. Using 2-iodophenyl arylsulfonates as benzyne precursors, we could effectively add magnesiated S-, Se-, and N-nucleophilic components to the strained triple bond. In the same pot, addition of electrophilic N, S, or P reagents and a copper(I) catalyst trapped the intermediate aryl Grignard to produce a variety of 1,2-difunctionalized arenes.
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29
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García-López JA, Çetin M, Greaney MF. Double Heteroatom Functionalization of Arenes Using Benzyne Three-Component Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Deadman BJ, Browne DL, Baxendale IR, Ley SV. Back Pressure Regulation of Slurry-Forming Reactions in Continuous Flow. Chem Eng Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201400445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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31
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Continuous API-crystal coating via coacervation in a tubular reactor. Int J Pharm 2014; 475:198-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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32
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Yoshida S, Uchida K, Igawa K, Tomooka K, Hosoya T. An efficient generation method and remarkable reactivities of 3-triflyloxybenzyne. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:15059-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07058e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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33
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Newby JA, Blaylock DW, Witt PM, Pastre JC, Zacharova MK, Ley SV, Browne DL. Design and Application of a Low-Temperature Continuous Flow Chemistry Platform. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500213j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Newby
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | | | - Paul M. Witt
- Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, United States
| | - Julio C. Pastre
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Marija K. Zacharova
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Steven V. Ley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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