1
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Ozomarisi HE, Sharpe KT, Outlaw VK. A Synthetic Route to Highly Substituted 1-Aminonaphthalenes from Readily Available Benzaldehydes. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38170997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
We report an efficient route for the synthesis of highly substituted 1-aminonaphthalenes from benzaldehydes. The method employs a stereoselective Still-Gennari modification of the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination to afford (E)-benzylidenesuccinonitrile precursors, which undergo Bronsted acid mediated benzannulation to afford 1-aminonaphthalene derivatives in 35-95% yield. The abundance of commercially available benzaldehydes, coupled with the simplicity of our method, enables many previously unexplored naphthalene substitution patterns to become readily accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Enesi Ozomarisi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Kellen T Sharpe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Victor K Outlaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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2
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Sahu S, Banerjee A, Kundu S, Bhattacharyya A, Maji MS. Synthesis of functionalized indoles via cascade benzannulation strategies: a decade's overview. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3029-3042. [PMID: 35332905 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00187j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Indoles are one of the most prominent aromatic heterocycles in the organic chemistry field. Due to their widespread presence in various natural products, alkaloids, drugs, approved medicines, etc. the synthesis and functionalization of indoles are of great interest. This review emphasizes recent developments and techniques in the domino cascade cyclization process in the last decade starting from the various building blocks. In particular, this review depicts several intriguing benzannulation methods of creating a benzene ring on a pre-existing pyrrole nucleus in an inter/intramolecular fashion under metal-catalyzed/metal-free approaches. Different subsections focus on gradual timely developments in this complementary area and a detailed analysis of the mechanisms and reactivity patterns. As a complementary method, this review gives a significant incentive to various annulation strategies and also gives an overview of the remaining challenges and upcoming possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Ankush Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Samrat Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Arya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India.
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3
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Tang DTY, Merit JE, Bedell TA, Du Bois J. Silylpyrrole Oxidation En Route to Saxitoxin Congeners Including 11-Saxitoxinethanoic Acid. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17790-17803. [PMID: 34874731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Saxitoxin (STX) is the archetype of a large family (>50) of architecturally distinct, bisguanidinium natural products. Among this collection of isolates, two members, 11-saxitoxinethanoic acid (11-SEA) and zetekitoxin AB (ZTX), are unique, bearing carbon substitution at C11. A desire to efficiently access these compounds has motivated the development of new tactical approaches to a late-stage C11-ketone intermediate 26, designed to enable C-C bond formation using any one of a number of possible reaction technologies. Highlights of the synthesis of 26 include a metal-free, silylpyrrole oxidative dearomatization reaction and a vinylsilane epoxidation-rearrangement cascade to generate the requisite ketone. Nucleophilic addition to 26 makes possible the preparation of unnatural C11-substituted STXs. Olefination of this ketone is also demonstrated and, when followed by a redox-neutral isomerization reaction, affords 11-SEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris T Y Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Dr., Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Merit
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Dr., Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - T Aaron Bedell
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Dr., Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - J Du Bois
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Dr., Stanford, California 94305, United States
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4
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Karan G, Sahu S, Maji MS. A one-pot "back-to-front" approach for the synthesis of benzene ring substituted indoles using allylboronic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5274-5277. [PMID: 33908966 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01512e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of only benzene ring functionalized indoles and poly-substituted carbazoles is reported via a one-pot triple cascade benzannulation protocol. Usage of differently substituted and readily accessible allylboronic acids as a 3-carbon annulating partner enables diverse aliphatic and aromatic substitution patterns, which is still a daunting task. This scalable synthetic protocol tolerates broad scope, thus enabling further downstream modifications. As an application, carbazole based natural products glycozoline and glycozolinol were synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Karan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, WB, India.
| | - Samrat Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, WB, India.
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, WB, India.
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5
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Hunjan MK, Panday S, Gupta A, Bhaumik J, Das P, Laha JK. Recent Advances in Functionalization of Pyrroles and their Translational Potential. CHEM REC 2021; 21:715-780. [PMID: 33650751 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Among the known aromatic nitrogen heterocycles, pyrrole represents a privileged aromatic heterocycle ranging its occurrence in the key component of "pigments of life" to biologically active natural products to active pharmaceuticals. Pyrrole being an electron-rich heteroaromatic compound, its predominant functionalization is legendary to aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions. Although a few excellent reviews on the functionalization of pyrroles including the reports by Baltazzi in 1963, Casiraghi and Rassu in 1995, and Banwell in 2006 are available, they are fragmentary and over fifteen years old, and do not cover the modern aspects of catalysis. A review covering a comprehensive package of direct functionalization on pyrroles via catalytic and non-catalytic methods including their translational potential is described. Subsequent to statutory yet concise introduction, the classical functionalization on pyrroles using Lewis acids largely following an ionic mechanism is discussed. The subsequent discussion follows the various metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization on pyrroles, which are otherwise difficult to implement by Lewis acids. A major emphasize is given on the radical based pyrrole functionalization under metal-free oxidative conditions, which is otherwise poorly highlighted in the literature. Towards the end, the current development of pyrrole functionalization under photocatalyzed and electrochemical conditions is appended. Only a selected examples of substrates and important mechanisms are discussed for different methods highlighting their scopes and limitations. The aromatic nucleophillic substitution on pyrroles (being an electron-rich heterocycle) happened to be the subject of recent investigations, which has also been covered accentuating their underlying conceptual development. Despite great achievements over the past several years in these areas, many challenges and problems are yet to be solved, which are all discussed in summary and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur Hunjan
- Department of Pharmaceutial Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Surabhi Panday
- Department of Pharmaceutial Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Anjali Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutial Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Jayeeta Bhaumik
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India, Sector 81 (Knowledge City), S.A.S., Nagar, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutial Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
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6
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Li S, Zeng G, Xing X, Yang Z, Ma F, Li B, Cheng W, Zhang J, He R. Synthesis of C3-alkenylated 2,3,4-trisubstituted pyrrole derivatives through cyclization of methylene isocyanides and ene–yne–ketones. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05253a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A mild, transition-metal-free and facile C3-alkenylated 2,3,4-trisubstituted pyrrole cyclization of methylene isocyanides with ene–yne–ketones in moderate to good yields was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- Department of Pharmacy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
| | - Gongruixue Zeng
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University City College
- Hangzhou 310015
- China
| | - Xiaoqi Xing
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University City College
- Hangzhou 310015
- China
| | - Zhiheng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
| | - Feiyun Ma
- Department of Pharmacy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
| | - Boxia Li
- Department of Pharmacy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
| | - Weiyan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
| | - Jiankang Zhang
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University City College
- Hangzhou 310015
- China
| | - Ruoyu He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation
- Hangzhou Xixi Hospital
- Hangzhou 310023
- China
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7
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Knapp R, Tona V, Okada T, Sarpong R, Garg NK. Cyanoamidine Cyclization Approach to Remdesivir's Nucleobase. Org Lett 2020; 22:8430-8435. [PMID: 33085486 PMCID: PMC7653677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report an alternative approach to the unnatural nucleobase fragment seen in remdesivir (Veklury). Remdesivir displays broad-spectrum antiviral activity and is currently being evaluated in Phase III clinical trials to treat patients with COVID-19. Our route relies on the formation of a cyanoamidine intermediate, which undergoes Lewis acid-mediated cyclization to yield the desired nucleobase. The approach is strategically distinct from prior routes and could further enable the synthesis of remdesivir and other small-molecule therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel
R. Knapp
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Veronica Tona
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Taku Okada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Neil K. Garg
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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8
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Chen YC, Xu CJ, Du W, Albrecht Ł. Lewis Basic Amine Catalyzed Aza-Michael Reaction of Indole- and Pyrrole-3-carbaldehydes. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
3-Formyl substituted indoles or pyrroles can form HOMO-raised dearomative aza-dienamine-type intermediates with secondary amines, which can undergo direct aza-Michael addition to β-trifluoromethyl enones to afford N-alkylated products efficiently, albeit with low to fair enantioselectivity. In addition, similar asymmetric aza-Michael additions of these heteroarenes and crotonaldehyde are realized under dual catalysis of chiral amines, and the adducts are obtained with moderate to good enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University
| | - Chang-Jiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Ministry of Education and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University
| | - Łukasz Albrecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology
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9
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Almejbel AS, Lash TD. Synthesis of 2-bromo- and 2-phenyl-neo-confused porphyrins. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7336-7344. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01642j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
New examples of neo-confused porphyrins are reported. These retain global diatropic characteristics but are relatively unstable in solution.
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10
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Sahu S, Roy A, Gorai M, Guria S, Sudan Maji M. C3-Alkenylation between Pyrroles and Aldehydes Mediated by a Brønsted Acid and a Brønsted Base. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Sahu
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; 721302 Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | - Avijit Roy
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; 721302 Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | - Mahadeb Gorai
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; 721302 Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | - Sudip Guria
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; 721302 Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur; 721302 Kharagpur West Bengal India
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11
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Wang P, Chau Nguyen K, Lindsey JS. Synthesis of the Ring C Pyrrole of Native Chlorophylls and Bacteriochlorophylls. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11286-11293. [PMID: 31432671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As part of a program to develop practical syntheses of members of the family of (bacterio)chlorophylls, two routes to 2-iodo-3-methyl-4-(3-methoxy-1,3-dioxopropyl)pyrrole, a precursor of the universal ring C, have been developed. The β-ketoester of ring C is expected to give rise to ring E upon Knoevenagel condensation and Nazarov cyclization with a ring D constituent as demonstrated in an analogue synthesis. Two viable routes were developed beginning with N-TIPS-pyrrole or with 4-oxo-2-pentene and TosMIC, affording multi-gram-quantities of this ostensibly simple pyrrole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8204 , United States
| | - Khiem Chau Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8204 , United States
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8204 , United States
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12
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Xiong R, Arkhypchuk AI, Eszter Borbas K. Attempted syntheses of N-confused hydroporphyrins through modified Lindsey routes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Unlike N-confused porphyrins which are well-known and extensively studied tetrapyrroles, N-confused hydroporphyrins are almost unknown, largely because so far they have resisted attempts at rational synthesis. Here, we report our efforts towards the total synthesis of N-confused hydroporphyrins. We have prepared N-confused building blocks analogous to the non-N-confused substrates in the Lindsey synthesis of sparsely substituted chlorins. We have systematically flipped the A, B and C pyrrole rings in the dipyrrolic precursors of the target N-confused macrocycles, preparing in total an N-confused “Western half” (tetrahydrodipyrrin) and two N-confused “Eastern halves” (brominated formyldipyrromethanes). These were subjected to a range of cyclization conditions. While we successfully isolated and identified three macrocyclic products, none of these proved to be the desired N-confused hydroporphyrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisheng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Box 523, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna I. Arkhypchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Box 523, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K. Eszter Borbas
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Box 523, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Bugaenko DI, Karchava AV, Yurovskaya MA. Synthesis of indoles: recent advances. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Novel Indole-Aminoquinazoline Hybrids for Anticancer Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082232. [PMID: 30065164 PMCID: PMC6121530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of indole-aminoquinazolines was prepared via amination of the 2-aryl-4-chloroquinazolines with the 7-amino-2-aryl-5-bromoindoles. It was then evaluated for cytotoxicity in vitro against human lung cancer (A549), epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), hepatocellular carcinoma (C3A), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), and cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. A combination on the quinazoline and indole moieties of a 2-phenyl and 2-(4-fluorophenyl) rings in compound 4b; 2-(4-fluorophenyl) and 3-chlorophenyl rings in compound 4f; or the two 2-(4-fluorophenyl) rings in compound 4g, resulted in significant and moderate activity against the Caco-2 and C3A cell lines. The indole-aminoquinazoline hybrids compounds 4f and 4g induced apoptosis in Caco-2 and C3A cells, and were also found to exhibit moderate (IC50 = 52.5 nM) and significant (IC50 = 40.7 nM) inhibitory activity towards epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) against gefitinib (IC50 = 38.9 nM). Molecular docking suggests that 4a–h could bind to the ATP region of EGFR like erlotinib.
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15
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Pal B, Chang CH, Zeng CJ, Lin CH. Template-Assisted Benzannulation Route to Pentacene and Tetracene Derivatives and its Application to Construct Amphiphilic Acenes That Self-Assemble into Helical Wires. Chemistry 2017; 23:17542-17548. [PMID: 28967152 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pentacene is one of the most versatile organic semiconductors. New synthetic strategies to construct the pentacene skeleton are imperative to produce pentacene derivatives with appropriate solubility, stability, and optoelectronic properties for various applications. This paper describes a template-directed approach to pentacene derivatives. In the retrosynthesis, the acene skeleton is viewed as a laddered double strand polyene instead of the more intuitive linearly fused hexagons. Based on this vision, the template strand of polyene is constructed with Wittig olefination, whereas the second strand is accomplished with Knoevenagel condensation to produce pentacene and tetracene derivatives. The synthetic scheme is flexible enough to generate an array of acene derivatives with substitution patterns that were hitherto difficult to access. Amphiphilic pentacene and tetracene derivatives were also synthesized by the template strategy. One pentacene based amphiphilic rod-coil molecule undergoes self-assembly to form helical wire structures that were visualized with TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Pal
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Sec. 2, No. 128, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. China
| | - Chun-Hsiung Chang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Sec. 2, No. 128, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. China
| | - Cian-Jhe Zeng
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Sec. 2, No. 128, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. China
| | - Chih-Hsiu Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Sec. 2, No. 128, Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. China
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16
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Lu S, Xu R, Li Z. Benzannulation of Pyrroles to 4,5-Disubstituted Indoles through Brønsted-Acid-Promoted Rearrangement of tert
-Butyl Peroxides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenglin Lu
- Department of Chemistry; Renmin University of China; Beijing 100872 China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Chemistry; Renmin University of China; Beijing 100872 China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Chemistry; Renmin University of China; Beijing 100872 China
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17
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Synthesis and Evaluation of N-(3-Trifluoroacetyl-indol-7-yl) Acetamides for Potential In Vitro Antiplasmodial Properties. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071099. [PMID: 28671598 PMCID: PMC6152062 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel N-((2,5-diaryl-3-trifluoroacetyl)-1H-indol-7-yl)acetamides has been prepared via a successive and one-pot reaction sequence involving initial trifluoroacetic acid-mediated Beckmann rearrangement of the oximes derived from the 1-(2,5-diaryl-1H-indol-7-yl)ethanones, followed by trifluoroacetylation of the incipient N-(2,5-diaryl-1H-indol-7-yl)-acetamides with trifluoroacetic anhydride. The prepared compounds were evaluated for potential in vitro antiplasmodial properties. Preliminary results from antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum revealed that a combination of 2-(4-flurophenyl)- and 5-(4-fluorophenyl) or 2-(4-flurophenyl)- and 4-fluorostyryl groups in compounds 3(a,f) and 4(a,g), for example, is required for biological activity for both series of compounds. Their possible mode of action against the plasmodial parasite is explained theoretically through molecular docking of the most active compounds against the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH). These compounds were docked at the entrance of NAD+ in pLDH presumably hindering entry of lactate to cause the observed inhibition effect of pLDH. The four compounds were found to exhibit low toxicity against monkey kidney Vero cells at the highest concentrations tested.
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18
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Raji Reddy C, Rani Valleti R, Sathish P. [4 + 2] Benzannulation of 3-Alkenylpyrroles/Thiophenes with Propargylic Alcohols: Access to Substituted Indoles, Benzothiophenes, and Aza[5]helicenes. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2345-2354. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chada Raji Reddy
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500607, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Reddi Rani Valleti
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500607, India
| | - Puppala Sathish
- Division of Natural Products Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500607, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
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19
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Outlaw VK, Zhou J, Bragg AE, Townsend CA. Unusual Blue-Shifted Acid-Responsive Photoluminescence Behavior in 6-Amino-8-cyanobenzo[1,2- b]indolizines. RSC Adv 2016; 6:61249-61253. [PMID: 28580137 DOI: 10.1039/c6ra10605f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
6-Amino-8-cyanobenzo[1, 2-b]indolizines, a new class of photoluminescent materials, exhibit reversible pH-dependent optical properties characterized by an uncommon and dramatic blue shift in fluorescence emission when protonated. Acid titration and NMR spectroscopy experiments reveal that, rather than the anticipated N-protonation, C-protonation and loss of aromaticity is responsible for the observed photophysical changes. Efficient synthesis from indole-2-carboxaldehydes makes variously substituted versions of this nucleus readily available to tune optical and pH effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor K Outlaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jiawang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Remsen Hall, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Arthur E Bragg
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Remsen Hall, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Craig A Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Remsen Hall, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Kim KH, Kim SY, Ryu JY, Lee J, Kim JN. Stereoselective synthesis of (E,Z)-3,4-dialkylidene-N-phenylpyrrolidine-2,5-diones starting from Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Outlaw VK, d’Andrea FB, Townsend CA. One-pot synthesis of highly substituted N-fused heteroaromatic bicycles from azole aldehydes. Org Lett 2015; 17:1822-5. [PMID: 25815402 PMCID: PMC4500639 DOI: 10.1021/ol5036936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An efficient route to substituted N-fused aromatic heterocycles, including indolizines, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, and imidazo[1,5-a]pyridines from azole aldehydes, is reported. Wittig olefination of the aldehydes with fumaronitrile and triethylphosphine affords predominantly E-alkenes that undergo rapid cyclization upon treatment with a mild base. Substituent control of the 1-, 2-, and 3-positions of the resulting heteroaromatic bicycles is shown. Alternatively, the isolable E-alkene undergoes selective alkylation with electrophiles, followed by in situ annulation to indolizines additionally substituted at the 6-position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor K. Outlaw
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Felipe B. d’Andrea
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Craig A. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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