1
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Anwar K, Capaldo L, Wan T, Noël T, Gómez-Suárez A. Modular synthesis of congested β 2,2-amino acids via the merger of photocatalysis and oxidative functionalisations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1456-1459. [PMID: 38223935 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06172h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A two-step protocol for the modular synthesis of β2- and α-quaternary β2,2-amino acid derivatives is reported. The key steps are a photocatalytic hydroalkylation reaction, followed by an oxidative functionalisation to access N-protected β-amino acids, esters, and amides. This strategy can be effectively scaled up via continuous-flow technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah Anwar
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Luca Capaldo
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Ting Wan
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Adrián Gómez-Suárez
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany.
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2
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Quintavalla A, Carboni D, Simeone M, Lombardo M. Stereoselective Synthesis of α-Disubstituted β-Homoprolines. Org Lett 2023; 25:7067-7071. [PMID: 37729003 PMCID: PMC10546376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
An efficient enantioselective synthesis of chiral α-disubstituted β-homoprolines was developed, starting with the stereodivergent allylation of chiral N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines derived from 4-bromobutanal with indium or zinc and using well-established and reliable synthetic transformations. This methodology allows the easy introduction of different substituents at the α-position of the pyrrolidine scaffold and is characterized by the possibility of switching the absolute configuration of the newly formed stereocenter either by changing the configuration of the tert-butanesufinamide chiral auxiliary or by using a different stereodivergent allylation protocol with the same auxiliary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Quintavalla
- Alma
Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Center
for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Alma Mater
Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Carboni
- Alma
Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Center
for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Alma Mater
Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Simeone
- Alma
Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Lombardo
- Alma
Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Center
for Chemical Catalysis - C3, Alma Mater
Studiorum - Università di Bologna, via P. Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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3
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Guo Z, Bao R, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Tang Y. Tailored Synthesis of Skeletally Diverse Stemona Alkaloids through Chemoselective Dyotropic Rearrangements of β-Lactones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14545-14553. [PMID: 33848039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The collective synthesis of skeletally diverse Stemona alkaloids featuring tailored dyotropic rearrangements of β-lactones as key elements is described. Specifically, three typical 5/7/5 tricyclic skeletons associated with stemoamide, tuberostemospiroline and parvistemonine were first accessed through chemoselective dyotropic rearrangements of β-lactones involving alkyl, hydrogen, and aryl migration, respectively. By the rational manipulation of substrate structures and reaction conditions, these dyotropic rearrangements proceeded with excellent efficiency, good chemoselectivity and high stereospecificity. Furthermore, several polycyclic Stemona alkaloids, including saxorumamide, isosaxorumamide, stemonine and bisdehydroneostemoninine, were obtained from the aforementioned tricyclic skeletons through late-stage derivatizations. A novel visible-light photoredox-catalyzed formal [3+2] cycloaddition was also developed, which offers a valuable tool for accessing oxaspirobutenolide and related scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of, Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ruiyang Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of, Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuanhe Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of, Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yunshan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of, Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jingyang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of, Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yefeng Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of, Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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4
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Guo Z, Bao R, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Tang Y. Tailored Synthesis of Skeletally Diverse
Stemona
Alkaloids through Chemoselective Dyotropic Rearrangements of β‐Lactones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of, Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Ruiyang Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of, Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yuanhe Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of, Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yunshan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of, Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jingyang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of, Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yefeng Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences MOE Key Laboratory of, Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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5
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Li C, Xiao L, Zhang Q, Cheng X. Reaction-based highly selective and sensitive monomer/polymer probes with Schiff base groups for the detection of Hg 2+ and Fe 3+ ions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 243:118763. [PMID: 32827909 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is urgent and important to detect heavy metals in environments. In this work, novel reaction-based fluorescent probes were obtained by Schiff base reaction. The probes with Schiff base moiety (-C=N-) undergo irreversible hydrolysis in the presence of Hg2+ and Fe3+. They exhibit perfect high selectivity and sensitivity to Hg2+and Fe3+ ions. Upon the addition of Hg2+and Fe3+, fluorescence intensity of the probes increased notably. And the color of the probe changes from brown to bright green under UV light, which can realize "naked eye" detection. In addition, Schiff base group was introduced into polyurethane chain through condensation polymerization reaction. As expected, the fluorescent polyurethane probe (P2) maintained the detection performance of its original small molecules (BSD). Even more P2 showed a more sensitive detection effect than BSD, and the detection limits of P2 for Hg2+ and Fe3+ reach 0.19 μM and 0.21 μM, respectively. It indicates that Reaction-based probes could be a useful tool for the detection of Hg2+ and Fe3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Li Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Qinyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Xinjian Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China.
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6
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Leypold M, D’Angelo KA, Movassaghi M. Chemoselective α-Sulfidation of Amides Using Sulfoxide Reagents. Org Lett 2020; 22:8802-8807. [PMID: 33048547 PMCID: PMC7680396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The direct α-sulfidation of tertiary amides using sulfoxide reagents under electrophilic amide activation conditions is described. Employing convenient and readily available reagents, selective functionalization takes place to generate isolable sulfonium ions en route to α-sulfide amides. Mechanistic studies identified activated sulfoxides as promoters of the desired transformation and enabled the extension of the methodology from benzylic to aliphatic amide substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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7
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Marín-Valls R, Hernández K, Bolte M, Parella T, Joglar J, Bujons J, Clapés P. Biocatalytic Construction of Quaternary Centers by Aldol Addition of 3,3-Disubstituted 2-Oxoacid Derivatives to Aldehydes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19754-19762. [PMID: 33147013 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The congested nature of quaternary carbons hinders their preparation, most notably when stereocontrol is required. Here we report a biocatalytic method for the creation of quaternary carbon centers with broad substrate scope, leading to different compound classes bearing this structural feature. The key step comprises the aldol addition of 3,3-disubstituted 2-oxoacids to aldehydes catalyzed by metal dependent 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase from E. coli (KPHMT) and variants thereof. The 3,3,3-trisubstituted 2-oxoacids thus produced were converted into 2-oxolactones and 3-hydroxy acids and directly to ulosonic acid derivatives, all bearing gem-dialkyl, gem-cycloalkyl, and spirocyclic quaternary centers. In addition, some of these reactions use a single enantiomer from racemic nucleophiles to afford stereopure quaternary carbons. The notable substrate tolerance and stereocontrol of these enzymes are indicative of their potential for the synthesis of structurally intricate molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Marín-Valls
- Biological Chemistry Department, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karel Hernández
- Biological Chemistry Department, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, J.-W.-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei de Ressonancia Magnetica Nuclear, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jesús Joglar
- Biological Chemistry Department, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Bujons
- Biological Chemistry Department, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Clapés
- Biological Chemistry Department, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Catalytically Active Co−N
x
Species Stabilized on Nitrogen‐doped Porous Carbon for Efficient Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation of N‐heteroarenes. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Rogova T, Gabriel P, Zavitsanou S, Leitch JA, Duarte F, Dixon DJ. Reverse Polarity Reductive Functionalization of Tertiary Amides via a Dual Iridium-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation and Single Electron Transfer Strategy. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Rogova
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Gabriel
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Stamatia Zavitsanou
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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10
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Yamamoto Y, Shimizu E, Ban K, Wada Y, Mizusaki T, Yoshimura M, Takagi Y, Sawama Y, Sajiki H. Facile Hydrogenative Deprotection of N-Benzyl Groups Using a Mixed Catalyst of Palladium and Niobic Acid-on-Carbon. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2699-2709. [PMID: 32095693 PMCID: PMC7033673 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The palladium-on-carbon (Pd/C)-catalyzed hydrogenative deprotection of the N-benzyl-protecting group was effectively facilitated by the combined use of niobic acid-on-carbon (Nb2O5/C). Nb2O5/C is an acidic heterogeneous catalyst prepared from NbCl5 and activated carbon. The catalysts were easily removed from the reaction mixture and reusable. Deprotected amines were obtained in excellent yields without an additional neutralization process. The facilitating effect of Nb2O5/C was also observed during the Pd/C-catalyzed hydrogenative deprotection of the N-benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) and O-benzyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yamamoto
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical
University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Eisho Shimizu
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical
University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Kazuho Ban
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical
University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Wada
- Catalysts
Development Center, N. E. Chemcat Corporation, 25-3 Koshindaira, Bando, Ibaraki 306-0608, Japan
| | - Tomoteru Mizusaki
- Catalysts
Development Center, N. E. Chemcat Corporation, 25-3 Koshindaira, Bando, Ibaraki 306-0608, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yoshimura
- Catalysts
Development Center, N. E. Chemcat Corporation, 678 Ipponmatsu, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0314, Japan
| | - Yukio Takagi
- Catalysts
Development Center, N. E. Chemcat Corporation, 678 Ipponmatsu, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0314, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Sawama
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical
University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
- E-mail: (Y.S.)
| | - Hironao Sajiki
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical
University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
- E-mail: . Phone/Fax: (+81)-58-230-8109 (H.S.)
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11
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Liu YP, Zhu CJ, Yu CC, Wang AE, Huang PQ. Tf2
O-Mediated Intermolecular Coupling of Secondary Amides with Enamines or Ketones: A Versatile and Direct Access to β-Enaminones. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Cheng-Jie Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Cun-Cun Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen Fujian China
| | - Ai-E Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen Fujian China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University; 730000 Lanzhou China
| | - Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; 361005 Xiamen Fujian China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University; 730000 Lanzhou China
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12
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Cunillera A, Ruiz A, Godard C. Synthesis of β
2,2
‐Amino Esters via Rh‐Catalysed Regioselective Hydroaminomethylation. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Cunillera
- Department de Química Física i InorgànicaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel⋅lí Domingo, n1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Aurora Ruiz
- Department de Química Física i InorgànicaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel⋅lí Domingo, n1 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Cyril Godard
- Department de Química Física i InorgànicaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel⋅lí Domingo, n1 43007 Tarragona Spain
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13
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Wang S, Huang P. Cross‐Coupling of Secondary Amides with Tertiary Amides: The Use of Tertiary Amides as Surrogates of Alkyl Carbanions for Ketone Synthesis. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu‐Ren Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Pei‐Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
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14
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Geng H, Huang P. Ketone Synthesis by Direct, Orthogonal Chemoselective Hydroacylation of Alkenes with Amides: Use of Alkenes as Surrogates of Alkyl Carbanions. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical BiologyCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Pei‐Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical BiologyCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
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15
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Chen TT, Wang AE, Huang PQ. Chemoselective Synthesis of α-Amino-α-cyanophosphonates by Reductive Gem-Cyanation-Phosphonylation of Secondary Amides. Org Lett 2019; 21:3808-3812. [PMID: 31059269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to α-amino-α-cyanophosphonates has been developed. The method features a Tf2O-mediated reductive geminal cyanation/phosphonylation of secondary amides. Mild reaction conditions, high bond-forming efficiency, inexpensive readily available starting materials, and good to excellent yields with wide functional group compatibility constitute the main advantages of this method. The protocol can be run on a gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ai-E Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , Fujian , China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
| | - Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , Fujian , China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
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16
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Kaiser D, Bauer A, Lemmerer M, Maulide N. Amide activation: an emerging tool for chemoselective synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7899-7925. [PMID: 30152510 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00335a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is textbook knowledge that carboxamides benefit from increased stabilisation of the electrophilic carbonyl carbon when compared to other carbonyl and carboxyl derivatives. This results in a considerably reduced reactivity towards nucleophiles. Accordingly, a perception has been developed of amides as significantly less useful functional handles than their ester and acid chloride counterparts. However, a significant body of research on the selective activation of amides to achieve powerful transformations under mild conditions has emerged over the past decades. This review article aims at placing electrophilic amide activation in both a historical context and in that of natural product synthesis, highlighting the synthetic applications and the potential of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kaiser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Hu XN, Shen TL, Cai DC, Zheng JF, Huang PQ. The iridium-catalysed reductive coupling reaction of tertiary lactams/amides with isocyanoacetates. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00312b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A catalytic reductive addition of isocyanoacetates to tertiary lactams/amides has been developed. This one-pot procedure involves Ir-catalysed partial reduction of lactams/amides and sequential chemoselective addition of isocyanide group in isocyanoacetates and produces 5-methoxyoxazoles in moderate to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Ning Hu
- Department of Chemistry
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Tai-Long Shen
- Department of Chemistry
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Dong-Cheng Cai
- Department of Chemistry
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Jian-Feng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
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18
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Chen H, Ye JL, Huang PQ. Chemoselective direct reductive trifluoromethylation of amides: a flexible access to functionalized α-trifluoromethylamines. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo01031a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot method is reported for the direct transformation of secondary amides to α-trifluoromethylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Jian-Liang Ye
- Department of Chemistry
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
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19
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Xiao P, Tang Z, Wang K, Chen H, Guo Q, Chu Y, Gao L, Song Z. Chemoselective Reduction of Sterically Demanding N,N-Diisopropylamides to Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2017; 83:1687-1700. [PMID: 29239185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peihong Xiao
- Key
Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhixing Tang
- Key
Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Qianyou Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chu
- Key
Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Lu Gao
- Key
Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhenlei Song
- Key
Laboratory of Drug-Targeting of Education Ministry and Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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20
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Shymanska NV, Pierce JG. Stereoselective Synthesis of Quaternary Pyrrolidine-2,3-diones and β-Amino Acids. Org Lett 2017; 19:2961-2964. [PMID: 28537396 PMCID: PMC5540151 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A facile, diastereoselective synthesis of highly substituted pyrrolidine-2,3-diones is reported, along with the one-step conversion of these heterocycles to novel β-amino acids and further functionalized derivatives. This method involves an unusually mild, one-pot, three-component cyclization/allylation followed by a Claisen rearrangement to provide unusual pyrrolidinone products that are densely functionalized and contain an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter. The reported reaction sequence is operationally simple, exquisitely diastereoselective, and provides gram-scale access to valuable heterocyclic scaffolds and β-amino acids not readily accessible via existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia V. Shymanska
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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21
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He Z, Liu H, Liu H, Qian Q, Meng Q, Mei Q, Han B. Heterogeneous Cobalt-Catalyzed DirectN-Formylation of Isoquinolines with CO2and H2. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
| | - Hangyu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Huizhen Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Qingli Qian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
| | - Qinglei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
| | - Qingqing Mei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS); Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 100190 Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
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22
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Wang C, Yang Y. Copper(II)-mediated intermolecular amination of inert C(sp3)H bonds with simple alkylamines to construct α,α-disubstituted β-amino acid derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Mukherjee M, Zhou Y, Dai Y, Gupta AK, Pulgam VR, Staples RJ, Wulff WD. Catalyst-Controlled Multicomponent Aziridination of Chiral Aldehydes. Chemistry 2017; 23:2552-2556. [PMID: 28005302 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A highly diastereoselective and enantioselective method for the multicomponent aziridination of chiral aldehydes has been developed with BOROX catalysts of the VANOL (3,3'-diphenyl-2,2'-bi-1-naphthol) and VAPOL (2,2'-diphenyl-(4-biphenanthrol)) ligands. Very high to perfect catalyst control is observed with most all substrates examined including aldehydes with chiral centers in the α- and β-positions. High catalyst control was also observed for a number of chiral heterocyclic aldehydes allowing for the preparation of epoxy aziridines, bis(aziridines) and ethylene diaziridines. Application of this reaction in the synthesis of β3 -homo-d-alloisoleucine and β3 -homo-l-isoleucine is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munmun Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Yubai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Yijing Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - AniL K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - V Reddy Pulgam
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Richard J Staples
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - William D Wulff
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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24
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Huang PQ, Huang YH. Further Studies on the Direct Synthesis ofα,β-Unsaturated Ketimines andα,β-Enones by Chemoselective Dehydrative Addition of Functionalized Alkenes to Secondary Amides. CHINESE J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201600700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Ying-Hong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
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25
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Huang PQ, Ou W. A Direct, Versatile, and Chemoselective Synthesis of Vinylogous Bis- and Monourethanes/amides and β-Keto Esters by Aza-Knoevenagel-Type Reactions of Tertiary Amides with Enolates. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Nankai University; 300071 Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Wei Ou
- Department of Chemistry and The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province; iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials); College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xiamen University; Xiamen Fujian 361005 P.R. China
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26
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Huang PQ, Huang YH, Xiao KJ. Metal-Free Intermolecular Coupling of Arenes with Secondary Amides: Chemoselective Synthesis of Aromatic Ketimines and Ketones, and N-Deacylation of Secondary Amides. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9020-9027. [PMID: 27603045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The direct transformation of common secondary amides into aromatic ketimines and aromatic ketones with C-C bond formation is described. The reaction can also be used for N-deacylation of secondary amides to release amines. This method consists of in situ amide activation with triflic anhydride and intermolecular capture of the resulting highly electrophilic nitrilium intermediate with an arene. The reaction is applicable to various kinds of secondary amides (electrophiles), but only electron-rich and moderately electron-rich arenes can be used as nucleophiles. Thanks to the use of bench stable arenes instead of reactive and basic organometallics as nucleophiles, the reaction proceeded with high chemoselectivity at the secondary amido group in the presence of a series of sensitive functional groups such as aldehyde, ketone, ester, cyano, nitro, and tertiary amido groups. The reaction can be viewed as a Friedel-Crafts-type reaction using secondary amides as acylating agents or as an intermolecular version of the Bischler-Napieralski reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Hong Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Jiong Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
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27
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Huang PQ, Lang QW, Hu XN. One-Pot Reductive 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Secondary Amides: A Two-Step Transformation of Primary Amides. J Org Chem 2016; 81:10227-10235. [PMID: 27285664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The one-pot reductive 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of secondary aromatic N-(trimethylsilylmethyl)amides with reactive dipolarophiles is reported. The method relies on the in situ generation of nonstabilized NH azomethine ylide dipoles via amide activation with triflic anhydride, partial reduction with 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS), and desilylation with cesium fluoride (CsF). Running under mild conditions, the reaction tolerated several sensitive functional groups and provided cycloadducts in 71-93% yields. The use of less reactive dipolarophile methyl acrylate led to the cycloadduct in only 40% yield. A (Z) geometric intermediate of NH-azomethine 1,3-dipole was postulated to account for the observed higher yields and higher cis diastereoselectivity for the substrates bearing an electron-withdrawing group. This model features an unconventional cyclic transition state via carbanion-aryl ring interaction. Because the starting secondary amides can be prepared from common primary amides, the current method also constitutes a two-step transformation of primary amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Wei Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Ning Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P. R. China
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28
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Paulsen MH, Engqvist M, Ausbacher D, Strøm MB, Bayer A. Efficient and scalable synthesis of α,α-disubstituted β-amino amides. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7570-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01219a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A scalable synthesis of α,α-disubstituted β-amino amides comprising the chemoselective reduction of a nitrile group in presence of amides and aryl halides is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magnus Engqvist
- Department of Chemistry
- UiT – The Arctic University of Norway
- NO-9037 Tromsø
- Norway
| | - Dominik Ausbacher
- Department of Pharmacy
- UiT – The Arctic University of Norway
- NO-9037 Tromsø
- Norway
| | - Morten Bøhmer Strøm
- Department of Pharmacy
- UiT – The Arctic University of Norway
- NO-9037 Tromsø
- Norway
| | - Annette Bayer
- Department of Chemistry
- UiT – The Arctic University of Norway
- NO-9037 Tromsø
- Norway
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29
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Huang PQ, Ou W, Han F. Chemoselective reductive alkynylation of tertiary amides by Ir and Cu(i) bis-metal sequential catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11967-11970. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05318a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a versatile method for the direct, catalytic reductive alkynylation of tertiary amides to give propargylic amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Wei Ou
- Department of Chemistry and The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Chemistry and The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen
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30
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Zheng JF, Qian XY, Huang PQ. Direct transformation of amides: a one-pot reductive Ugi-type three-component reaction of secondary amides. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00146c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An efficient reductive Ugi-type reaction employing common secondary amides as starting materials has been established. The reaction exhibited a broad substrate scope, good chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Xiang-Yang Qian
- Department of Chemistry
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
| | - Pei-Qiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Xiamen University
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