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Kobayakawa T, Tsuji K, Tamamura H. Design, synthesis and evaluation of bioactivity of peptidomimetics based on chloroalkene dipeptide isosteres. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 110:117811. [PMID: 38959684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Ample biologically active peptides have been found, identified and modified for use in drug discovery to date. However, several factors, such as low metabolic stability due to proteolysis and non-specific interactions with multiple off-target molecules, might limit the therapeutic use of peptides. To enhance the stability and/or bioactivity of peptides, the development of "peptidomimetics," which mimick peptide molecules, is considered to be idealistic. Hence, chloroalkene dipeptide isosteres (CADIs) was designed, and their synthetic methods have been developed by us. Briefly, in a CADI an amide bond in peptides is replaced with a chloroalkene structure. CADIs might be superior mimetics of amide bonds because the Van der Waals radii (VDR) and the electronegativity value of a chlorine atom are close to those of the replaced oxygen atom. By a developed method of the "liner synthesis", N-tert-butylsulfonyl protected CADIs can be synthesized via a key reaction involving diastereoselective allylic alkylation using organocopper reagents. On the other hand, by a developed method of the "convergent synthesis", N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected carboxylic acids can be also constructed based on N- and C-terminal analogues from corresponding amino acid starting materials via an Evans syn aldol reaction and the Ichikawa allylcyanate rearrangement reaction involving a [3.3] sigmatropic rearrangement. Notably, CADIs can also be applied for Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis and therefore introduced into bioactive peptides including as the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide and the amyloid β fragment Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe (KLVFF) peptide, which are correlated with cell attachment and Alzheimer's disease (AD), respectively. These CADI-containing peptidomimetics stabilized the conformation and enhanced the potency of the cyclic RGD peptide and the cyclic KLVFF peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kobayakawa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kohei Tsuji
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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2
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Cocco A, Rubanu MG, Sechi ML, Frongia A, Mastrorilli P, Degennaro L, Colella M, Luisi R, Secci F. Lithiated three-membered heterocycles as chiral nucleophiles in the enantioselective synthesis of 1-oxaspiro[2,3]hexanes. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1945-1949. [PMID: 33595577 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00771d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between configurably stable α-lithiated oxiranes and 3-substituted cyclobutanones allows obtaining enantiomerically enriched cyclobutanols (er > 98 : 2). These adducts, subjected to base-mediated Payne rearrangement, lead to the synthesis of a new class of oxaspirohexanes, useful precursors of 2,4-disubstituted cyclopentanones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli studi di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario di Monserrato, S.S. 554, Bivio per Sestu, I-09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Rubanu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli studi di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario di Monserrato, S.S. 554, Bivio per Sestu, I-09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Maria Laura Sechi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli studi di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario di Monserrato, S.S. 554, Bivio per Sestu, I-09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Angelo Frongia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli studi di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario di Monserrato, S.S. 554, Bivio per Sestu, I-09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Pietro Mastrorilli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Aldo Moro, Via Edoardo Orabona 4, Bari I-70125, Italy
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Aldo Moro, Via Edoardo Orabona 4, Bari I-70125, Italy
| | - Marco Colella
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Aldo Moro, Via Edoardo Orabona 4, Bari I-70125, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari, Aldo Moro, Via Edoardo Orabona 4, Bari I-70125, Italy
| | - Francesco Secci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli studi di Cagliari, Complesso Universitario di Monserrato, S.S. 554, Bivio per Sestu, I-09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
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4
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Boultwood T, Bull JA. Synthesis of Selenoaziridines: A Study on Stereochemical Outcomes of the Reaction of Aziridine Radicals and Anions Generated from Iodoaziridines. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:870-879. [PMID: 31459364 PMCID: PMC6648590 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new functional group in the form of selenyl-substituted aziridines is described. Selenoaziridines are stereoselectively prepared by functionalization of intact aziridine precursors involving radical and anionic intermediates. Radicals are generated from cis-N-Ts iodoaziridines by activation of the C-I bond using alkoxides as a source of single electrons. These form predominantly trans-substituted selenoaziridines dependent on the size of the diselenide. cis-Aziridinyllithiums generated by Li-I exchange also react with diselenides stereospecifically to form a range of cis-selenoaziridines. Proposals for the stereochemical outcome are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Boultwood
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - James A. Bull
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
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5
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Andresini M, De Angelis S, Uricchio A, Visaggio A, Romanazzi G, Ciriaco F, Corriero N, Degennaro L, Luisi R. Azetidine-Borane Complexes: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Stereoselective Functionalization. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10221-10230. [PMID: 30024756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports, for the first time, the synthesis and structural features of azetidine-borane complexes, as well as their reactivity in lithiation reactions. A temperature-dependent stereoselectivity has been disclosed in the reaction of borane with N-alkyl-2-arylazetidines, allowing for a stereoselective preparation of azetidine-borane complexes 2 and 3. A regioselective hydrogen/lithium permutation, at the benzylic position, was observed in lithiation reactions of complexes possessing a syn relationship, between the ring proton and the BH3 group. In contrast, scarce or no reactivity was noticed in complexes lacking such a stereochemical requirement. The configurational stability of the lithiated intermediates has also been investigated, in order to shed some light on the stereoselectivity of the lithiation/electrophile trapping sequence. Calculations helped in supporting experimental observations, concerning structure and reactivity of these azetidine-borane complexes. Data suggest that the BH3 group could promote the lithiation reaction likely by an electrostatic complex induced proximity effect. Interestingly, a new synthetic strategy for the synthesis of N-alkyl-2,2-disubstituted azetidines has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Andresini
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences , University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | - Sonia De Angelis
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences , University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | - Antonella Uricchio
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences , University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | - Angelica Visaggio
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences , University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | | | - Fulvio Ciriaco
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | - Nicola Corriero
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR , Via Amendola 122/O , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences , University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences , University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via E. Orabona 4 , Bari 70125 , Italy
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6
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Antermite D, Degennaro L, Luisi R. Recent advances in the chemistry of metallated azetidines. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:34-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01665k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The almost unexplored four-membered azetidines represent a particularly interesting class of molecules, among the family of saturated nitrogen heterocycles. This review reports recent developments in direct metal-based functionalization of the azetidine ring, focusing on the regio- and stereoselectivity of these reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Antermite
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences
- University of Bari
- Bari 70125
- Italy
| | | | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences
- University of Bari
- Bari 70125
- Italy
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7
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Parisi G, Zenzola M, Capitanelli E, Carlucci C, Romanazzi G, Pisano L, Degennaro L, Luisi R. Exploiting structural and conformational effects for a site-selective lithiation of azetidines. PURE APPL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AbstractInterest in molecular structures bearing four-membered heterocycles (FMHs) is growing due to the possibility to explore new regions of the chemical space and get new lead molecules. Our interest in the development of divergent synthesis of functionalized FMHs, prompted us to disclose factors affecting the reactivity of nitrogen-bearing FMHs towards metalating agents. Our investigations demonstrated that structural factors and conformational preferences need to be considered in planning a site-selective functionalization of azetidines. It will be showed how such factors could have pivotal importance in the reactivity of FMHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Parisi
- 1Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 – Italy
| | - Marina Zenzola
- 1Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 – Italy
| | - Emanuela Capitanelli
- 1Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 – Italy
| | - Claudia Carlucci
- 1Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 – Italy
| | - Giuseppe Romanazzi
- 2DICATECh, Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 – Italy
- 3CNR NANOTEC−Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Polo di Nanotecnologia c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- 4Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 – Italy
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- 1Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 – Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- 1Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences, University of Bari “A. Moro” Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 – Italy
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8
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Boultwood T, Affron DP, Bull JA. Studies on the synthesis of α-iodoaziridines and improved conditions for the synthesis of alkyl-α-iodoaziridines using ClMgCHI2. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Kobayakawa T, Narumi T, Tamamura H. Remote Stereoinduction in the Organocuprate-Mediated Allylic Alkylation of Allylic gem-Dichlorides: Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of (Z)-Chloroalkene Dipeptide Isosteres. Org Lett 2015; 17:2302-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kobayakawa
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Narumi
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University,
Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8561, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Institute
of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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10
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Parisi G, Capitanelli E, Pierro A, Romanazzi G, Clarkson GJ, Degennaro L, Luisi R. Easy access to constrained peptidomimetics and 2,2-disubstituted azetidines by the unexpected reactivity profile of α-lithiated N-Boc-azetidines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15588-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06323j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented reactivity profile of lithiatedN-Boc-2-arylazetidines gave access either to new azetidine-based peptidomimetics or to the regioselective functionalization of the azetidine ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences
- University of Bari
- Bari 70125
- Italy
| | | | - Antonella Pierro
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences
- University of Bari
- Bari 70125
- Italy
| | | | | | | | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences
- University of Bari
- Bari 70125
- Italy
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11
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Capriati V, Florio S, Luisi R. Complexation Phenomena and Dynamics at Work in the Lithiation Reactions of Small-Ring Heterocycles: Regio- and Stereoselectivity. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Boultwood T, Affron DP, Bull JA. Synthesis and purification of iodoaziridines involving quantitative selection of the optimal stationary phase for chromatography. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24893769 DOI: 10.3791/51633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly diastereoselective preparation of cis-N-Ts-iodoaziridines through reaction of diiodomethyllithium with N-Ts aldimines is described. Diiodomethyllithium is prepared by the deprotonation of diiodomethane with LiHMDS, in a THF/diethyl ether mixture, at -78 °C in the dark. These conditions are essential for the stability of the LiCHI2 reagent generated. The subsequent dropwise addition of N-Ts aldimines to the preformed diiodomethyllithium solution affords an amino-diiodide intermediate, which is not isolated. Rapid warming of the reaction mixture to 0 °C promotes cyclization to afford iodoaziridines with exclusive cis-diastereoselectivity. The addition and cyclization stages of the reaction are mediated in one reaction flask by careful temperature control. Due to the sensitivity of the iodoaziridines to purification, assessment of suitable methods of purification is required. A protocol to assess the stability of sensitive compounds to stationary phases for column chromatography is described. This method is suitable to apply to new iodoaziridines, or other potentially sensitive novel compounds. Consequently this method may find application in range of synthetic projects. The procedure involves firstly the assessment of the reaction yield, prior to purification, by (1)H NMR spectroscopy with comparison to an internal standard. Portions of impure product mixture are then exposed to slurries of various stationary phases appropriate for chromatography, in a solvent system suitable as the eluent in flash chromatography. After stirring for 30 min to mimic chromatography, followed by filtering, the samples are analyzed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. Calculated yields for each stationary phase are then compared to that initially obtained from the crude reaction mixture. The results obtained provide a quantitative assessment of the stability of the compound to the different stationary phases; hence the optimal can be selected. The choice of basic alumina, modified to activity IV, as a suitable stationary phase has allowed isolation of certain iodoaziridines in excellent yield and purity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London;
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13
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Degennaro L, Trinchera P, Luisi R. Recent advances in the stereoselective synthesis of aziridines. Chem Rev 2014; 114:7881-929. [PMID: 24823261 DOI: 10.1021/cr400553c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro" , Via Edoardo Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
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14
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Boultwood T, Bull JA. Stereospecific Functionalization of Iodoaziridines via Unstabilized Aziridinyllithiums Generated by Iodine–Lithium Exchange. Org Lett 2014; 16:2740-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol501024y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Boultwood
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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15
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Carroccia L, Degennaro L, Romanazzi G, Cuocci C, Pisano L, Luisi R. Straightforward access to 4-membered sulfurated heterocycles: introducing a strategy for the single and double functionalization of thietane 1-oxide. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:2180-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00173g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for the stereoselective functionalization of thietane 1-oxide has been developed by using the corresponding organometallic intermediates that reacted with electrophiles leaving intact the 4-membered ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carroccia
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences
- University of Bari “A. Moro”
- Bari 70125 – I, Italy
| | - Leonardo Degennaro
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences
- University of Bari “A. Moro”
- Bari 70125 – I, Italy
| | | | - Corrado Cuocci
- Istituto di Cristallografia (IC-CNR)
- 70125 Bari – I, Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Sassari
- 07100 Sassari – I, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy – Drug Sciences
- University of Bari “A. Moro”
- Bari 70125 – I, Italy
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16
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Kano T, Sakamoto R, Maruoka K. Remote chirality control based on the organocatalytic asymmetric Mannich reaction of α-thio acetaldehydes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:942-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47827k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Degennaro L, Zenzola M, Trinchera P, Carroccia L, Giovine A, Romanazzi G, Falcicchio A, Luisi R. Regioselective functionalization of 2-arylazetidines: evaluating the ortho-directing ability of the azetidinyl ring and the α-directing ability of the N-substituent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1698-700. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48555b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Boultwood T, Affron DP, Trowbridge AD, Bull JA. Synthesis of cis-C-iodo-N-tosyl-aziridines using diiodomethyllithium: reaction optimization, product scope and stability, and a protocol for selection of stationary phase for chromatography. J Org Chem 2013; 78:6632-47. [PMID: 23738857 PMCID: PMC3805312 DOI: 10.1021/jo400956x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of C-iodo-N-Ts-aziridines with excellent cis-diastereoselectivity has been achieved in high yields by the addition of diiodomethyllithium to N-tosylimines and N-tosylimine-HSO2Tol adducts. This addition-cyclization protocol successfully provided a wide range of cis-iodoaziridines, including the first examples of alkyl-substituted iodoaziridines, with the reaction tolerating both aryl imines and alkyl imines. An ortho-chlorophenyl imine afforded a β-amino gem-diiodide under the optimized reaction conditions due to a postulated coordinated intermediate preventing cyclization. An effective protocol to assess the stability of the sensitive iodoaziridine functional group to chromatography was also developed. As a result of the judicious choice of stationary phase, the iodoaziridines could be purified by column chromatography; the use of deactivated basic alumina (activity IV) afforded high yield and purity. Rearrangements of electron-rich aryl-iodoaziridines have been promoted, selectively affording either novel α-iodo-N-Ts-imines or α-iodo-aldehydes in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Boultwood
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College
London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic P. Affron
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College
London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron D. Trowbridge
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College
London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College
London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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19
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Bull JA, Boultwood T, Taylor TA. Highly cis-selective synthesis of iodo-aziridines using diiodomethyllithium and in situ generated N-Boc-imines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 48:12246-8. [PMID: 23149421 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc37029h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The first preparation of iodoaziridines is described. The addition of diiodomethyllithium to N-Boc-imines affords these novel aziridines in high yields. The reaction proceeds in one-pot via a highly diastereoselective cyclisation of an amino gem-diiodide intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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20
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Hughes M, Boultwood T, Zeppetelli G, Bull JA. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of aziridinylmetal species, generated by sulfinyl-magnesium exchange, with aryl bromides: reaction optimization, scope, and kinetic investigations. J Org Chem 2013; 78:844-54. [PMID: 23311879 DOI: 10.1021/jo3027824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel, highly substituted N-PMP aziridines have been accessed in high yields by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of intact aziridines. The cross-coupling employed aryl bromides and tertiary organometallic aziridines, generated from sulfinylaziridines by sulfinyl-magnesium exchange and transmetalation to the aziridinylzinc with zinc chloride. A wide range of electron-rich and electron-poor aryl bromides were utilized to afford the functionalized aziridine products as single diastereoisomers with retention of configuration at the reacting center. Assessment of the reaction kinetics showed zero-order in both the aziridine species and the aryl bromide. This indicated that the rate-determining step was reductive elimination from the palladium(II) species bearing both the aziridine and aryl groups to form the hindered C-C bond. The intermediate aziridinylzinc species underwent a progressive, background degradation that led to a plateau in yield and afforded reduced yields in substrates with ortho-substituted aryl groups, which are less reactive due to the additional steric demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Wei J, Chen Z, Gao Y, Zhang P, Wang C, Zhao P, Wang Y, Shi X. A Rapid and Simple Method for Quantitative Aziridination from Aminobrominated Derivatives of Olefins under Solvent-free and Mild Conditions. CHINESE J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Smith K, A. El-Hiti G, Fekri A, B. Alshammari M. Side-Chain Lithiation of 2- and 4-Substituted Pyridines: Synthesis of More Complex Substituted Pyridines. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-12-s(n)33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Scott HK, Aggarwal VK. Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Tertiary Boronic Esters and their Stereospecific Conversion to other Functional Groups and Quaternary Stereocentres. Chemistry 2011; 17:13124-32. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Degennaro L, Mansueto R, Carenza E, Rizzi R, Florio S, Pratt LM, Luisi R. Nitrogen Dynamics and Reactivity of Chiral Aziridines: Generation of Configurationally Stable Aziridinyllithium Compounds. Chemistry 2011; 17:4992-5003. [PMID: 21465584 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Degennaro
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, University of Bari, Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125-Bari, Italy
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Schmid M, Waldner B, Schnürch M, Mihovilovic MD, Stanetty P. Studying competitive lithiations at alpha-, ortho-, and benzylic positions in various N-protected aniline derivatives. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Synthesis of Highly Enantioenriched C-Tertiary Amines From Boronic Esters: Application to the Synthesis of Igmesine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Bagutski V, Elford TG, Aggarwal VK. Synthesis of Highly Enantioenriched C-Tertiary Amines From Boronic Esters: Application to the Synthesis of Igmesine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 50:1080-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Molinaro C, Guilbault AA, Kosjek B. Resolution of 2,2-disubstituted epoxides via biocatalytic azidolysis. Org Lett 2010; 12:3772-5. [PMID: 20681610 DOI: 10.1021/ol101406k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A practical procedure for the enzymatic resolution of 2-alkyl-2-aryl-disubstituted epoxides using the Codex HHDH P2E2 enzyme and sodium azide is reported. This method allowed the synthesis of novel regio- and enantioselective 1-azido-2-arylpropan-2-ols in excellent yields. Furthermore, these intermediates were used for the preparation of enantiomerically enriched amino alcohols and aziridines containing a tertiary center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Molinaro
- Department of Process Research, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, 16711 Autoroute Transcanadienne, Kirkland, Quebec, Canada H9H 3L1.
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Capriati V, Florio S. Anatomy of long-lasting love affairs with lithium carbenoids: past and present status and future prospects. Chemistry 2010; 16:4152-62. [PMID: 20222089 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
After a long adolescence, the chemistry of lithium carbenoids has currently been entering its maturity bringing a dowry of a more in-depth and less empirical knowledge of the structure and configurational stability of such double-faced intermediates; this, thanks in particular to the synergistic and harmonic cooperation between calculations and the most modern NMR techniques now at our disposal. Such knowledge has stimulated the development of fruitful stereoselective applications in the field of organic synthesis, providing in addition a rationale to observed selectivities. Such aspects together with the role played by aggregation and solvation on the structure-reactivity relationship are highlighted throughout this Minireview with selected examples extracted from recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale Metodologie e Processi Innovativi di Sintesi C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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30
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Florio S, Luisi R. Aziridinyl Anions: Generation, Reactivity, and Use in Modern Synthetic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2010; 110:5128-57. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100032b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Florio
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Consorzio Interuniversitario C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Consorzio Interuniversitario C.I.N.M.P.I.S., Via E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
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31
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Colpaert F, Mangelinckx S, Leemans E, Denolf B, De Kimpe N. Asymmetric synthesis of new chiral N-sulfinyl 2,2-disubstituted aziridines by Grignard additions across α-chloro N-sulfinyl ketimines. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:3251-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c001471k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Branco PS, Raje VP, Dourado J, Gordo J. Catalyst-free aziridination and unexpected homologation of aziridines from imines. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:2968-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c001894e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Shen R, Huang X. Unexpected Multiple Electrophilic Addition Reaction of (Z)-Alk-2-en-4-ynoates with N,N-Dibromo-p-toluenesulfonamide (TsNBr2): A Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Aziridines. Org Lett 2009; 11:5698-701. [DOI: 10.1021/ol902446h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruwei Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, P. R. China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Nagaki A, Takizawa E, Yoshida JI. Generations and Reactions ofN-(t-Butylsulfonyl)aziridinyllithiums Using Microreactors. CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2009.1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Akiyama T, Suzuki T, Mori K. Enantioselective Aza-Darzens Reaction Catalyzed by A Chiral Phosphoric Acid. Org Lett 2009; 11:2445-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol900674t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Akiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Tohru Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Keiji Mori
- Department of Chemistry, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
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