1
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Dong Q, Yang YH, Lv XJ, Liu JH, Liu YK. Synthesis of 2,3-Dialkyl-5-hydroxybenzofurans via a One-pot, Three-step Reaction Sequence of 2-Monosubstituted 1,3-Diketones and 1,4-Benzoquinones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7138-7147. [PMID: 38695505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
An economical one-pot, three-step reaction sequence of readily available 2-monosubstituted 1,3-diketones and 1,4-benzoquinones has been explored for the facile access of 2,3-dialkyl-5-hydroxybenzofurans. By using cheap K2CO3 and conc. HCl as the reaction promoters, the reaction occurs smoothly via sequential Michael addition, aromatization, retro-Claisen, deacylation, hemiketalization, and dehydration processes under mild conditions in a practical manner. Additionally, an interesting phenomenon was observed during the derivatization studies, where the dihydroquinoline was converted into tetrahydroquinoline and quinoline products, respectively, via a disproportionation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dong
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yu-Huan Yang
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Lv
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yan-Kai Liu
- Molecular Synthesis Center & Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
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2
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Bray JM, Stephens SM, Weierbach SM, Vargas K, Lambert KM. Recent advancements in the use of Bobbitt's salt and 4-acetamidoTEMPO. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14063-14092. [PMID: 37946555 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04709a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in synthetic methodologies for selective, oxidative transformations using Bobbitt's salt (4-acetamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-oxopiperidinium tetrafluoroborate, 1) and its stable organic nitroxide counterpart ACT (4-acetamidoTEMPO, 4-acetamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, 2) have led to increased applications across a broad array of disciplines. Current applications and mechanistic understanding of these metal-free, environmentally benign, and easily accessible organic oxidants now span well-beyond the seminal use of 1 and 2 in selective alcohol oxidations. New synthetic methodologies for the oxidation of alcohols, ethers, amines, thiols, C-H bonds and other functional groups with 1 and 2 along with the field's current mechanistic understandings of these processes are presented alongside our contributions in this area. Exciting new areas harnessing the unique properties of these oxidants include: applications to drug discovery and natural product total synthesis, the development of new electrocatalytic methods for depolymerization of lignin and modification of other biopolymers, in vitro and in vivo nucleoside modifications, applications in supramolecular catalysis, the synthesis of new polymers and materials, enhancements in the design of organic redox flow batteries, uses in organic fuel cells, applications and advancements in energy storage, the development of electrochemical sensors, and the production of renewable fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Bray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4501 Elkhorn Ave, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
| | - Shannon M Stephens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4501 Elkhorn Ave, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
| | - Shayne M Weierbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4501 Elkhorn Ave, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
| | - Karen Vargas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4501 Elkhorn Ave, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
| | - Kyle M Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4501 Elkhorn Ave, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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3
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Liyanage Perera E, Lee D. Hydrogen Bonding-directed Sequential 1,6/1,4-Addition of Heteroatom Nucleophiles onto Electron-deficient 1,3-Diynes. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01730j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen bonding-directed sequential 1,6/1,4-additions developed herein allow for creating unique heterocycles with structural diversity under mild conditions without using metal catalysts or organometallic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erandi Liyanage Perera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Daesung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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4
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Semenova E, Lahtigui O, Ghiviriga I, Grenning AJ. [3,3] Ring Rearrangement of Oxo- or Aza-Bridged Bicyclo[3.2.1]octene-Based 1,5-Dienes. Org Lett 2021; 23:2263-2267. [PMID: 33689388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report that oxo- or aza-bridged alkylidenemalononitrile-cycloheptenes undergo a [3,3] ring rearrangement to yield cyclopenta-fused dihydro-furans or pyrroles. Described herein are the origins of the serendipitous discovery, scope studies, and representative functional group interconversion chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Semenova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ouidad Lahtigui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Alexander J Grenning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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5
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DeLomba WC, Stone EA, Alley KA, Iannarone V, Tarsis E, Ovaska S, Ovaska TV. Utilization of the Thorpe-Ingold Effect in the Synthesis of Cyclooctanoid Ring Systems via Anionic 6- exo- dig Cyclization/Claisen Rearrangement Sequence. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9464-9474. [PMID: 32687712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a facile approach for the synthesis of gem-disubstituted cyclooctanoids, a motif found in several biologically active compounds. Appropriately substituted 1-alkenyl-5-pentyn-1-ols bearing gem-dialkyl substituents at either the C2, C3, or C4 position serve as useful precursors to a number of cyclooct-4-enone derivatives via a tandem, microwave-assisted oxyanionic 6-exo-dig cyclization/Claisen rearrangement reaction. gem-Dialkyl activation is necessary for these reactions to occur, as unactivated 1-alkenyl-5-pentyn-1-ols fail to undergo 6-exo-dig cyclization under the conditions employed. Further application of the methodology to the corresponding gem-dialkoxy system was also explored to facilitate access to more complex carbocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weston C DeLomba
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, Connecticut 06320, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Stone
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, Connecticut 06320, United States
| | - Kimberly A Alley
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, Connecticut 06320, United States
| | - Victoria Iannarone
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, Connecticut 06320, United States
| | - Emily Tarsis
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, Connecticut 06320, United States
| | - Sami Ovaska
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, Connecticut 06320, United States
| | - Timo V Ovaska
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, Connecticut 06320, United States
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6
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Chen H, Zhao S, Cheng S, Dai X, Xu X, Yuan W, Zhang X. Synthesis of Novel Pterocarpen Analogues
via
[3 + 2] Coupling‐Elimination Cascade of α,α‐Dicyanoolefins with Quinone Monoimines. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory for Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Sihan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Shaobing Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xingjie Dai
- Key Laboratory for Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- Key Laboratory for Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Weicheng Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Asymmetric Synthesis and Chirotechnology of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
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7
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Abstract
The field of natural product total synthesis has reached the point where synthetic efficiency has become more important than merely defining a viable (yet less ideal) route to the target molecule. Synthetic efficiency is best represented by the number of steps it takes to finish the target molecule from readily available starting materials, as by reducing the number of steps, all other factors of synthetic efficiency are influenced positively. By comparing several total syntheses from the recent years, the most successful strategies for step efficient syntheses will be highlighted. Each synthesis will be presented using a color-coded synthetic flowchart, in which each step is categorized by a colored box. Five categories of transformations are defined and rated according to their synthetic value. Each class will be signified by different colors so that the reader can quickly see which parts of the synthesis are productive and those that are not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schwan
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustraße 3, 10781 Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Mouriès-Mansuy V, Fensterbank L. Gold-Catalyzed Migration of Propargyl Acetate as an Entry into the Total Synthesis of Natural Products. Isr J Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201700074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Mouriès-Mansuy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232; 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
| | - Louis Fensterbank
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS; Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232; 4 place Jussieu 75005 Paris France
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9
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Zong Y, Wang W, Xu T. Total Synthesis of Bioactive Marine Meroterpenoids: The Cases of Liphagal and Frondosin B. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16040115. [PMID: 29614734 PMCID: PMC5923402 DOI: 10.3390/md16040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liphagal and frondosin B are two marine-derived secondary metabolites sharing a very similar polyfused-benzofuran skeleton. The two tetracyclic meroterpenoids were isolated from marine sponges, both featuring a 6-5-7-6 fused ring system. A preliminary bioactive study shows that (+)-liphagal is a selective kinase (PI3K α) inhibitor, while (+)-frondosin B is shown to inhibit the binding of the cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) to its receptor, CX-CLR1/2. The unique structures and interesting biological profiles of these two meroterpenoids have attracted considerable attention from synthetic chemists. Herein we summarize the synthetic efforts with respect to (+)-liphagal and (+)-frondosin B during the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Weijia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM), 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
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10
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Joyce LA, Nawrat CC, Sherer EC, Biba M, Brunskill A, Martin GE, Cohen RD, Davies IW. Beyond optical rotation: what's left is not always right in total synthesis. Chem Sci 2018; 9:415-424. [PMID: 29629112 PMCID: PMC5868320 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04249c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the application of vibrational (VCD) and electronic (ECD) circular dichroism spectroscopy to solve the longstanding debate around the absolute configuration of (+)-frondosin B (1). The absolute configuration of (+)-1 could confidently be assigned as (R) using these spectroscopic techniques. The discrepancy in the optical rotation (OR) values obtained in previous studies can be attributed to an undetected minor impurity (ca. 7%) that arose unexpectedly in a key step late in the synthesis. Additionally, the conditions used in the final step of the previous reports for demethylation to form the natural product proceeded with significant loss of enantiopurity. The large OR measured for the impurity at its observed level, when compared to the small rotation for the less enantiopure natural product 1, led to a measured OR value for the synthetic material that had the opposite sign of the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo A Joyce
- Department of Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , NJ 07065 , USA . ;
| | - Christopher C Nawrat
- Department of Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , NJ 07065 , USA . ;
| | - Edward C Sherer
- Department of Modeling and Informatics , Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , NJ 07065 , USA
| | - Mirlinda Biba
- Department of Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , NJ 07065 , USA . ;
| | - Andrew Brunskill
- Department of Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , NJ 07065 , USA . ;
| | - Gary E Martin
- Department of Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , NJ 07065 , USA . ;
| | - Ryan D Cohen
- Department of Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , NJ 07065 , USA . ;
| | - Ian W Davies
- Department of Process Research & Development , Merck & Co., Inc. , Rahway , NJ 07065 , USA . ;
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11
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Yin Z, He Y, Chiu P. Application of (4+3) cycloaddition strategies in the synthesis of natural products. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8881-8924. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00532j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the applications of (4+3) cycloadditions, both classical and formal, in the syntheses of natural products in the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengsheng Yin
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
| | - Pauline Chiu
- Department of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- P. R. China
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12
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Kwon K, Ham JS, Kim HY, Sampath V, Lee HY. A Formal Total Synthesis of (+)-Frondosin A. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuktae Kwon
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science&Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Su Ham
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science&Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science&Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Vasu Sampath
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science&Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science&Technology (KAIST); 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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13
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14
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Computational Prediction of One-Step Synthesis of Seven-membered Fused Rings by (5+2) Cycloaddition Utilising Cycloalkenes. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26198317 PMCID: PMC4510518 DOI: 10.1038/srep12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The (5+2) cycloaddition reaction utilising cycloalkenes is rare, although it is one of the most efficient methods of constructing seven-membered fused rings because of its high atom- and step-economy. In this study, we used quantum mechanical calculations to predict the plausibility of using the Rh-catalysed intermolecular (5+2) cycloaddition of 3-acyloxy-1,4-enynes and cycloalkenes to produce fused seven-membered carbocycles. The calculation results suggest a convenient, highly efficient and energetically practical approach. Strained cycloalkenes, such as cyclopropene, have been predicted to be active, and the desired bicyclic product should be favoured, accompanied by the formation of byproducts from rearrangement reactions. The energy barriers of the alkene insertion step were analysed by the distortion/interaction model to disclose the origins of the different reactivities of cycloalkenes with different ring sizes.
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15
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Wang Y, Guo X, Tang M, Wei D. Theoretical Investigations toward the Asymmetric Insertion Reaction of Diazoester with Aldehyde Catalyzed by N-Protonated Chiral Oxazaborolidine: Mechanisms and Stereoselectivity. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:8422-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b04793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokang Guo
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P. R. China
| | - Mingsheng Tang
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- The College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Center of Computational Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450001, P. R. China
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16
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Shen R, Yang J, Zhu S, Chen C, Wu L. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Decarboxylation of Propargyl Carbonates: Reactivity Reversal of the Gold Catalyst fromπ-Lewis Acidity toσ-Lewis Acidity. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201401094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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17
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VanHeyst MD, Wright DL. The Frondosins: An Unusual Synthetic and Stereochemical Journey. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Feldman AW, Ovaska SI, Ovaska TV. Facile Access to Cyclooctanoid Ring Systems via Microwave-Assisted Tandem 6-exo dig Cyclization-Rearrangement Sequence. Tetrahedron 2014; 70:4147-4155. [PMID: 24994941 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Appropriately substituted 5-alkyn-1-ol systems bearing a nitrile moiety at the triple bond serve as versatile precursors to a variety of cyclooctenone derivatives via a "one-pot" base-catalyzed oxyanionic 6-exo dig cyclization/Claisen rearrangement sequence under microwave irradiation. It was found that the initially formed cyclic intermediate consists of a mixture of endo and exocyclic isomers, which appear to be in equilibrium under the reaction conditions. However, the only observed products from these reactions are α-cyano substituted cyclooctenones, derived from the exocyclic dihydrofuran intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W Feldman
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, Connecticut 06320, United States of America
| | - Sami I Ovaska
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, Connecticut 06320, United States of America
| | - Timo V Ovaska
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, Connecticut 06320, United States of America
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19
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Halimehjani AZ, Namboothiri INN, Hooshmand SE. Nitroalkenes in the synthesis of carbocyclic compounds. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04069d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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20
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Jansen DJ, Shenvi RA. Synthesis of medicinally relevant terpenes: reducing the cost and time of drug discovery. Future Med Chem 2014; 6:1127-48. [PMID: 25078134 PMCID: PMC4162426 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids constitute a significant fraction of molecules produced by living organisms that have found use in medicine and other industries. Problems associated with their procurement and adaptation for human use can be solved using chemical synthesis, which is an increasingly economical option in the modern era of chemistry. This article documents, by way of individual case studies, strategies for reducing the time and cost of terpene synthesis for drug discovery. A major trend evident in recent syntheses is that complex terpenes are increasingly realistic starting points for both medicinal chemistry campaigns and large-scale syntheses, at least in the context of the academic laboratory, and this trend will likely penetrate the commercial sector in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Jansen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan A Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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21
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Oblak EZ, VanHeyst MD, Li J, Wiemer AJ, Wright DL. Cyclopropene cycloadditions with annulated furans: total synthesis of (+)- and (-)-frondosin B and (+)-frondosin A. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4309-15. [PMID: 24575795 DOI: 10.1021/ja413106t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric total syntheses of the natural products (+)- and (-)-frondosin B and (+)-frondosin A are reported based on a diastereoselective cycloaddition between tetrabromocyclopropene and an annulated furan to provide a highly functionalized common building block. The bridged bicyclic intermediate could be stereo- and chemoselectively manipulated to produce the two structurally distinct members of the frondosins. Both syntheses feature regioselective palladium-coupling reactions and an unprecedented phosphine-mediated ether bridge cleavage. Surprisingly, the planned enantioselective synthesis of frondosin B led to the opposite epimer of the natural product, suggesting an unusual late stage stereoinversion at C8. Frondosin A, but not frondosin B, was shown to have selective antiproliferative activity against several B-cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zachary Oblak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut , 69 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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22
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The Synthesis of Seven-Membered Rings in Natural Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63281-4.00014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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23
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Laplace DR, Verbraeken B, Van Hecke K, Winne JM. Total Synthesis of (+/−)-Frondosin B and (+/−)-5-epi-Liphagal by Using a Concise (4+3) Cycloaddition Approach. Chemistry 2013; 20:253-62. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Dange NS, Hong BC, Lee CC, Lee GH. One-Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of Seven-Membered Carbocycles Cyclohepta[b]indoles via a Sequential Organocatalytic Michael/Double Friedel–Crafts Alkylation Reaction. Org Lett 2013; 15:3914-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4016749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin S. Dange
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 621, Taiwan, R.O.C., and Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bor-Cherng Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 621, Taiwan, R.O.C., and Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Ching Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 621, Taiwan, R.O.C., and Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, 621, Taiwan, R.O.C., and Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, R.O.C
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25
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Lumbroso A, Cooke ML, Breit B. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Allylic Alcohols and Derivatives and their Applications in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:1890-932. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Lumbroso A, Cooke ML, Breit B. Katalytische asymmetrische Synthese von Allylalkoholen und Allylalkohol-Derivaten und deren Anwendung in der organischen Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201204579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Zhang J, Li L, Wang Y, Wang W, Xue J, Li Y. A novel, facile approach to frondosin B and 5-epi-liphagal via a new [4 + 3]-cycloaddition. Org Lett 2012; 14:4528-30. [PMID: 22889048 DOI: 10.1021/ol3020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new [4 + 3]-cycloaddition between benzofuran allylic alcohols and dienes, promoted by camphorsulfonic acid, has been identified. A novel strategy which used this cycloaddition as a key step has been developed for the synthesis of 6,7,5-tricyclic skeleta, and syntheses toward frondosin B (1) and 5-epi-liphagal (2) have been achieved via short routes in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gnasu, PR China
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28
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Garayalde D, Nevado C. Gold-Containing and Gold-Generated 1,n-Dipoles as Useful Platforms toward Cycloadditions and Cyclizations. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300043w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Garayalde
- Organic Chemistry
Institute, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057,
Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Organic Chemistry
Institute, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057,
Zürich, Switzerland
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29
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Pepper HP, Kuan KKW, George JH. Synthesis of a Liphagal–Frondosin C Hybrid and Speculation on the Biosynthesis of the Frondosins. Org Lett 2012; 14:1524-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol300257v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry P. Pepper
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Kevin K. W. Kuan
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jonathan H. George
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia
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30
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Lejkowski M, Banerjee P, Schüller S, Münch A, Runsink J, Vermeeren C, Gais HJ. Asymmetric Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Medium-Ring Carbocycles and Lactones through Modular Assembly and Ring-Closing Metathesis of Sulfoximine-Substituted Trienes and Dienynes. Chemistry 2012; 18:3529-48. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Takahashi N, Nagase Y, Tanabe G, Muraoka O, Yoshimatsu M. Synthesis of 3-methyl- and 3,4-dimethylfurans using alkoxide, thiolate, and phenoxide-mediated cyclization of 4-oxahepta-1,6-diynes bearing sulfur and selenium functional groups. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Waser M. Iminium Catalysis. ASYMMETRIC ORGANOCATALYSIS IN NATURAL PRODUCT SYNTHESES 2012:45-68. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1163-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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33
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Abstract
In this critical review, the strongly increasing amount of new applications of gold catalysis in total synthesis is summarised and, for the new developed methods, the mode of activation of the substrate by the gold catalyst is discussed (47 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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34
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Garayalde D, Nevado C. Synthetic applications of gold-catalyzed ring expansions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:767-80. [PMID: 21772928 PMCID: PMC3139417 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new methodologies catalyzed by late transition metals involving cycloisomerizations of strained rings can open new venues for the synthesis of structurally complex molecules with interesting biological activities. Herein we summarize, from both a synthetic as well as a mechanistic point of view, the most recent developments in gold-catalyzed ring expansions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Garayalde
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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35
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Stewart C, McDonald R, West FG. Expedient Route to the Tigliane-Daphnane Skeleton via Oxonium Ylide [1,2]-Shift. Org Lett 2011; 13:720-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol102953s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, E3-43 Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, E3-43 Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - F. G. West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, E3-43 Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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36
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37
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Lee DW, Pandey RK, Lindeman S, Donaldson WA. Reactivity of acyclic (pentadienyl)iron(1+) cations: Synthetic studies directed toward the frondosins. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7742-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05720k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Garayalde D, Krüger K, Nevado C. Gold-Catalyzed Cyclopenta- and Cycloheptannulation Cascades: A Stereocontrolled Approach to the Scaffold of Frondosins A and B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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39
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Garayalde D, Krüger K, Nevado C. Gold-catalyzed cyclopenta- and cycloheptannulation cascades: a stereocontrolled approach to the scaffold of frondosins A and B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 50:911-5. [PMID: 21246689 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Garayalde
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Universität Zürich, Switzerland
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40
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Ovaska TV. Synthesis of cycloheptanoid natural products via tandem 5-exo cyclization/Claisen rearrangement process. ARKIVOC 2010; 2011:34-44. [PMID: 22514791 PMCID: PMC3327132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This article describes the development of microwave-assisted oxyanionic 5-exo-dig cyclization-Claisen rearrangement sequence as a convenient "one-pot" route to a variety of seven-membered carbocyclic ring systems. This process was used as the key transformation for the construction of several natural products, including frondosins A, B, and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo V Ovaska
- Department of Chemistry, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, CT 06320,
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41
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Reiter M, Torssell S, Lee S, Macmillan DWC. The organocatalytic three-step total synthesis of (+)-frondosin B. Chem Sci 2010; 1:37-42. [PMID: 22299067 DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00204f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The frondosins are a family of marine sesquiterpenes isolated from the sponge Dysidea frondosa that exhibit biological activities ranging from anti-inflammatory properties to potential application in anticancer and HIV therapy. Herein, a concise enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-frondosin B is described which requires a total of three chemical steps. The enantioselective conjugate addition of a benzofuran-derived boronic acid to crotonaldehyde in the presence of an imidazolidinone organocatalyst builds the critical stereogenic center of frondosin B in the first operation, while the remaining two ring systems of this natural product are installed in the two subsequent steps. A combination of X-ray crystallographic data, deuterium labeling, and chemical correlation studies provides further evidence as to the correct absolute stereochemical assignment of (+)-frondosin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Reiter
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
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