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Schweinzer C, Coburger P, Grützmacher H. Structural Changes in the Carbon Sphere of a Dirhodium Complex Induced by Redox or Deprotonation Reactions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400072. [PMID: 38520714 PMCID: PMC11165463 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
A carbon-rich molecule is synthesized, which mainly contains conjugated sp2 and sp hybridized carbon centers. Alkenyl and alkynyl binding sites are arranged such that this compound serves as ligand to a binuclear metal unit with a RhI─RhI bond. Furthermore, CH units are placed in proximity to the metal centers. The dicationic complex [Rh2(bipy)2{Ph2Ptrop(C≡CCy)2}]2+(OTf-)2 allows to study possible responses of the carbon-framework to redox reactions as well as deprotonation reactions. All products are, whenever possible, characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods, NMR and EPR spectroscopy as well as electrochemical methods. It is shown that the carbon skeleton of the ligand framework undergoes C─C bond rearrangement reactions of remarkable diversity. In combination with DFT (density functional theory) studies, these results allow to gain insight into the electronic structure changes caused by metal sites in a carbon-rich environment, which may be of relevance for the properties of metal particles on carbon support materials when they are exposed to hydrogen, electrons, or protons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Schweinzer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 1Zurich8093Switzerland
| | - Peter Coburger
- Department of ChemistryTU MunichLichtenbergstrasse 485748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesETH ZurichVladimir‐Prelog‐Weg 1Zurich8093Switzerland
- LIFMIGCMESchool of ChemistrySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
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2
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Holmes ST, Schönzart J, Philips AB, Kimball JJ, Termos S, Altenhof AR, Xu Y, O'Keefe CA, Autschbach J, Schurko RW. Structure and bonding in rhodium coordination compounds: a 103Rh solid-state NMR and relativistic DFT study. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2181-2196. [PMID: 38332836 PMCID: PMC10848688 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06026h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the application of 103Rh solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy to inorganic and organometallic coordination compounds, in combination with relativistic density functional theory (DFT) calculations of 103Rh chemical shift tensors and their analysis with natural bond orbital (NBO) and natural localized molecular orbital (NLMO) protocols, to develop correlations between 103Rh chemical shift tensors, molecular structure, and Rh-ligand bonding. 103Rh is one of the least receptive NMR nuclides, and consequently, there are very few reports in the literature. We introduce robust 103Rh SSNMR protocols for stationary samples, which use the broadband adiabatic inversion-cross polarization (BRAIN-CP) pulse sequence and wideband uniform-rate smooth-truncation (WURST) pulses for excitation, refocusing, and polarization transfer, and demonstrate the acquisition of 103Rh SSNMR spectra of unprecedented signal-to-noise and uniformity. The 103Rh chemical shift tensors determined from these spectra are complemented by NBO/NLMO analyses of contributions of individual orbitals to the 103Rh magnetic shielding tensors to understand their relationship to structure and bonding. Finally, we discuss the potential for these experimental and theoretical protocols for investigating a wide range of materials containing the platinum group elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Holmes
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | - Jasmin Schönzart
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | - Adam B Philips
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260-3000 USA
| | - James J Kimball
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | - Sara Termos
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | - Adam R Altenhof
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | - Yijue Xu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | - Christopher A O'Keefe
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York Buffalo NY 14260-3000 USA
| | - Robert W Schurko
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
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3
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Gui X, Sorbelli D, Caló FP, Leutzsch M, Patzer M, Fürstner A, Bistoni G, Auer AA. Elucidating the Electronic Nature of Rh-based Paddlewheel Catalysts from 103 Rh NMR Chemical Shifts: Insights from Quantum Mechanical Calculations. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202301846. [PMID: 37721802 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The tremendous importance of dirhodium paddlewheel complexes for asymmetric catalysis is largely the result of an empirical optimization of the chiral ligand sphere about the bimetallic core. It was only recently that a H(C)Rh triple resonance 103 Rh NMR experiment provided the long-awaited opportunity to examine - with previously inconceivable accuracy - how variation of the ligands impacts on the electronic structure of such catalysts. The recorded effects are dramatic: formal replacement of only one out of eight O-atoms surrounding the metal centers in a dirhodium tetracarboxylate by an N-atom results in a shielding of the corresponding Rh-site of no less than 1000 ppm. The current paper provides the theoretical framework that allows this and related experimental observations made with a set of 19 representative rhodium complexes to be interpreted. In line with symmetry considerations, it is shown that the shielding tensor responds only to the donor ability of the equatorial ligands along the perpendicular principal axis. Axial ligands, in contrast, have no direct effect on shielding but may come into play via the electronicc i s ${cis}$ -effect that they exert onto the neighboring equatorial sites. On top of these fundamental interactions, charge redistribution within the core as well as the electronict r a n s ${trans}$ -effect of ligands of different donor strengths is reflected in the recorded 103 Rh NMR shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gui
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Diego Sorbelli
- Dipartmento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotechnologie, Università Degli Studi Di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabio P Caló
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Markus Leutzsch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Michael Patzer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/Ruhr, Germany
- Dipartmento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotechnologie, Università Degli Studi Di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alexander A Auer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470, Mülheim an der RuhrMülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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4
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Schattenberg CJ, Lehmann M, Bühl M, Kaupp M. Systematic Evaluation of Modern Density Functional Methods for the Computation of NMR Shifts of 3d Transition-Metal Nuclei. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 18:273-292. [PMID: 34968062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of density functionals from all rungs of Jacob's ladder have been evaluated systematically for a set of experimental 3d transition-metal NMR shifts of 70 complexes encompassing 12 × 49Ti, 10 × 51V, 10 × 53Cr, 11 × 55Mn, 9 × 57Fe, 9 × 59Co, and 9 × 61Ni shift values, as well as a diverse range of electronic structure characteristics. The overall 39 functionals evaluated include one LDA, eight GGAs, seven meta-GGAs (including their current-density-functional─CDFT─versions), nine global hybrids, four range-separated hybrids, eight local hybrids, and two double hybrids, and we also include Hartree-Fock and MP2 calculations. While recent evaluations of the same functionals for a very large coupled-cluster-based benchmark of main-group shieldings and shifts achieved in some cases aggregate percentage mean absolute errors clearly below 2%, the best results for the present 3d-nuclei set are in the range between 4 and 5%. Strikingly, the overall best-performing functionals are the recently implemented CDFT versions of two meta-GGAs, namely cM06-L (4.0%) and cVSXC (4.3%), followed by cLH14t-calPBE (4.9%), B3LYP (5.0%), and cLH07t-SVWN (5.1%), i.e., the previously best-performing global hybrid and two local hybrids. A number of further functionals achieve aggregate deviations in the range 5-6%. Range-separated hybrids offer no particular advantage over global hybrids. Due to the overall poor performance of Hartree-Fock theory for all systems except the titanium complexes, MP2 and double-hybrid functionals are unsuitable for these 3d-nucleus shifts and provide large errors. Global hybrid functionals with larger EXX admixtures, such as BHLYP or M06-2X, also perform poorly, and some other highly parametrized global hybrids also are unsuitable. For many functionals depending on local kinetic energy τ, their CDFT variants perform much better than their "non-CDFT" versions. This holds notably also for the above-mentioned M06-L and VSXC, while the effect is small for τ-dependent local hybrids and can even be somewhat detrimental to the agreement with experiment for a few other cases. The separation between well-performing and more poorly performing functionals is mainly determined by their results for the most critical nuclei 55Mn, 57Fe, and 59Co. Here either moderate exact-exchange admixtures or CDFT versions of meta-GGAs are beneficial for the accuracy. The overall deviations of the better-performing global or local hybrids are then typically dominated by the 53Cr shifts, where triplet instabilities appear to disfavor exact-exchange admixture. Further detailed analyses help to pinpoint specific nuclei and specific types of complexes that are challenges for a given functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar Jonas Schattenberg
- Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie Sekretariat C7, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Morten Lehmann
- Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie Sekretariat C7, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bühl
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, Purdie Building, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, Fife, U.K
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie Sekretariat C7, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Perez-Aguilar JE, Chen CY, Hughes JT, Fang CY, Gates BC. Isostructural Atomically Dispersed Rhodium Catalysts Supported on SAPO-37 and on HY Zeolite. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:11474-11485. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E. Perez-Aguilar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Cong-Yan Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Chevron Energy Technology Company, Richmond, California 94802, United States
| | - James T. Hughes
- Zeolyst International, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428, United States
| | - Chia-Yu Fang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bruce C. Gates
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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6
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Twigge L, Swarts JC, Conradie J. 103Rh NMR shifts of RhI-β-diketonato and RhI-β-aminoketonato complexes influenced by different substituents. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Desnoyer AN, He W, Behyan S, Chiu W, Love JA, Kennepohl P. The Importance of Ligand-Induced Backdonation in the Stabilization of Square Planar d 10 Nickel π-Complexes. Chemistry 2019; 25:5259-5268. [PMID: 30693581 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The electronic nature of Ni π-complexes is underexplored even though these complexes have been widely postulated as intermediates in organometallic chemistry. Herein, the geometric and electronic structure of a series of nickel π-complexes, Ni(dtbpe)(X) (dtbpe=1,2-bis(di-tert-butyl)phosphinoethane; X=alkene or carbonyl containing π-ligands), is probed using a combination of 31 P NMR, Ni K-edge XAS, Ni Kβ XES, and DFT calculations. These complexes are best described as square planar d10 complexes with π-backbonding acting as the dominant contributor to M-L bonding to the π-ligand. The degree of backbonding correlates with 2 JPP from NMR and the energy of the Ni 1s→4pz pre-edge in the Ni K-edge XAS data, and is determined by the energy of the π*ip ligand acceptor orbital. Thus, unactivated olefinic ligands tend to be poor π-acids whereas ketones, aldehydes, and esters allow for greater backbonding. However, backbonding is still significant even in cases in which metal contributions are minor. In such cases, backbonding is dominated by charge donation from the diphosphine, which allows for strong backdonation, although the metal centre retains a formal d10 electronic configuration. This ligand-induced backbonding can be formally described as a 3-centre-4-electron (3c-4e) interaction, in which the nickel centre mediates charge transfer from the phosphine σ-donors to the π*ip ligand acceptor orbital. The implications of this bonding motif are described with respect to both structure and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison N Desnoyer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Weiying He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shirin Behyan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Weiling Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Love
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pierre Kennepohl
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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8
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Wei J, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Xi Z. 1,3‐Butadienyl Dianions as Non‐Innocent Ligands: Synthesis and Characterization of Aromatic Dilithio Rhodacycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9986-90. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China)
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China)
| | - Wen‐Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China)
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China)
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9
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Wei J, Zhang Y, Zhang WX, Xi Z. 1,3-Butadienyl Dianions as Non-Innocent Ligands: Synthesis and Characterization of Aromatic Dilithio Rhodacycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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McKeown BA, Prince BM, Ramiro Z, Gunnoe TB, Cundari TR. PtII-Catalyzed Hydrophenylation of α-Olefins: Variation of Linear/Branched Products as a Function of Ligand Donor Ability. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400988w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A. McKeown
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Bruce M. Prince
- Center
for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), Department
of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Zoraida Ramiro
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - T. Brent Gunnoe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Thomas R. Cundari
- Center
for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), Department
of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
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11
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Vityuk AD, Alexeev OS, Amiridis MD. Synthesis and characterization of HY zeolite-supported rhodium carbonyl hydride complexes. J Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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[Rh(cycloolefin)(acac)] complexes as catalysts of polymerization of aryl- and alkylacetylenes: Influence of cycloolefin ligand and reaction conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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13
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Ortuño MA, Castro L, Bühl M. Computational Insight into 103Rh Chemical Shift–Structure Correlations in Rhodium Bis(phosphine) Complexes. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400774y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Ortuño
- Unitat
de Química Física, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ludovic Castro
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY10
9ST, U.K
| | - Michael Bühl
- School
of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY10
9ST, U.K
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14
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Serrano AL, Casado MA, López JA, Tejel C. Rhodium and iridium complexes with a new scorpionate phosphane ligand. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:7593-607. [PMID: 23763522 DOI: 10.1021/ic400684s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward synthesis of a new hybrid scorpionate ligand [(allyl)2B(CH2PPh2)(Pz)](-) ([A2BPN](-)) is reported. Coordination to rhodium resulted in square-planar complexes [Rh(κ(2)-A2BPN)(L)(L')] [L = L' = (1)/2cod (1,5-cyclooctadiene), CN(t)Bu, CO (6); L = CO, L' = NH3, pyridine, PPh3, PMe3] for which spectroscopic data and the molecular structure of [Rh(κ(2)-A2BPN)(CO)PPh3] (11) indicate the ligand to be κN,κP-bound to rhodium with two dangling free allyl groups. Studies in solution point out that the six-membered Rh-N-N-B-C- P metallacycle undergoes a fast inversion in all of them. The bis(carbonyl) complex 6 easily loses a CO group to give [{Rh(A2BPN)(CO)}2], a dinuclear compound in which two mononuclear subunits are brought together by two bridging allyl groups. Coordination to iridium is dominated by a tripodal κN,κP,η(2)-C═C binding mode in the TBPY-5 complexes [Ir(κ(3)-A2BPN)(L)(L')] [L = L' = (1)/2cod (3), CN(t)Bu (5), CO (7); L = CO, L' = PPh3 (13), PMe3 (14), H2C═CH2, (17), MeO2CC≡CCO2Me (dmad, 18)], as confirmed by the single-crystal structure determination of complexes 3 and 18. A fast exchange between the two allyl arms is observed for complexes having L = L' (3, 5, and 7), while those having CO and L ligands (14, 17, and 18) were found to be nonfluxional species. An exception is complex 13, which establishes an equilibrium with the SP-4 configuration. Protonation reactions on complexes 13 and 14 with HCl yielded the hydride complex [Ir(κ(2)-A2BPN)(CO)(Cl)(H)PPh3] (15) and the C-alkyl compound [ Ir{κ(3)-(allyl)B(CH2 CHCH3)(CH2PPh2)(Pz)}(Cl)(CO)PMe3] (16), respectively. The bis(isocyanide) complex 5 reacts with dmad to form [Ir(κ(2)-A2BPN)(CN(t)Bu)2(dmad)]. On the whole, the electronic density provided to the metal by the [A2BPN](-) ligand is very sensitive to the coordination mode. The basicity of the new ligand is similar to that of the Tp(Me2) ligand in the κN,κP mode but comparable to Tp if coordinated in the κN,κP,η(2)-C═C mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel L Serrano
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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15
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Yardimci D, Serna P, Gates BC. Surface-Mediated Synthesis of Dimeric Rhodium Catalysts on MgO: Tracking Changes in the Nuclearity and Ligand Environment of the Catalytically Active Sites by X-ray Absorption and Infrared Spectroscopies. Chemistry 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Yardimci D, Serna P, Gates BC. Tuning Catalytic Selectivity: Zeolite- and Magnesium Oxide-Supported Molecular Rhodium Catalysts for Hydrogenation of 1,3-Butadiene. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300475c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dicle Yardimci
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Pedro Serna
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bruce C. Gates
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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17
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Chemaly SM, Brown KL, Fernandes MA, Munro OQ, Grimmer C, Marques HM. Probing the Nature of the CoIII Ion in Corrins: The Structural and Electronic Properties of Dicyano- and Aquacyanocobyrinic Acid Heptamethyl Ester and a Stable Yellow Dicyano- and Aquacyanocobyrinic Acid Heptamethyl Ester. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:8700-18. [DOI: 10.1021/ic200285k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Chemaly
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - Kenneth L. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Manuel A. Fernandes
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
| | - Orde Q. Munro
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209 South Africa
| | - Craig Grimmer
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209 South Africa
| | - Helder M. Marques
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits, Johannesburg, 2050 South Africa
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18
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Different coordination behavior of a catechol phosphine and its sulfide: Formation of an unprecedented dinuclear rhodium complex with a non-coordinated PS unit. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Kotze PDR, Roodt A, Venter JA, Otto S. (N-Benzoyl-N'-phenyl-thio-urea-κS)chlorido(η-1,5-cyclo-octa-diene)rhodium(I). Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:m1028-9. [PMID: 21588103 PMCID: PMC3007502 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810029740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, [RhCl(C8H12)(C14H12N2OS)], is a rhodium(I) derivative with a functionalized thiourea ligand. Despite the presence of several heteroatoms, the thiourea ligand coordinates only in a monodentate fashion via the S atom. The geometry of the coordination sphere is approximately square planar about the RhI atom, with two bonds to the π-electrons of the 1,5-cyclooctadiene ligand, one bond to the Cl− ligand and one bond to the S atom of the thiourea ligand. The molecular structure is stabilized by intramolecular N—H⋯O and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding. Intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interactions lead to the formation of layers extending parallel to (011).
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Riekert Kotze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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20
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Liang AJ, Craciun R, Chen M, Kelly TG, Kletnieks PW, Haw JF, Dixon DA, Gates BC. Zeolite-Supported Organorhodium Fragments: Essentially Molecular Surface Chemistry Elucidated with Spectroscopy and Theory. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8460-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ja900041n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann J. Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Raluca Craciun
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Mingyang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - T. Glenn Kelly
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Philip W. Kletnieks
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - James F. Haw
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Bruce C. Gates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
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21
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Munro OQ, Camp GL, Carlton L. Structural,
103
Rh NMR and DFT Studies of a Bis(phosphane)Rh
III
–Porphyrin Derivative. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200800837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orde Q. Munro
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu‐Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Fax: +27‐33‐260‐5009
| | - Greville L. Camp
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu‐Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, Fax: +27‐33‐260‐5009
| | - Laurence Carlton
- School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, P. O. Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa, Fax: +27‐11‐717‐6749
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22
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Kanas DA, Geier SJ, Vogels CM, Decken A, Westcott SA. Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Rhodium(I) Acetylacetonato Complexes Containing Pyridinecarboxaldimine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:8727-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ic800703n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diane A. Kanas
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville NB E4L 1G8, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Geier
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville NB E4L 1G8, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Christopher M. Vogels
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville NB E4L 1G8, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Andreas Decken
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville NB E4L 1G8, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Stephen A. Westcott
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville NB E4L 1G8, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton NB E3B 5A3, Canada
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23
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Filipuzzi S, Männel E, Pregosin PS, Albinati A, Rizzato S, Veiros LF. Multinuclear NMR, X-ray, and DFT Studies on RhCl(diene)(phosphoramidite) Complexes. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800082c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luis F. Veiros
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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Kletnieks PW, Liang AJ, Craciun R, Ehresmann JO, Marcus DM, Bhirud VA, Klaric MM, Hayman MJ, Guenther DR, Bagatchenko OP, Dixon DA, Gates BC, Haw JF. Molecular Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Single-Site Zeolite-Supported Rhodium Complex for Acetylene Cyclotrimerization. Chemistry 2007; 13:7294-304. [PMID: 17685381 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200700721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
By anchoring metal complexes to supports, researchers have attempted to combine the high activity and selectivity of molecular homogeneous catalysis with the ease of separation and lack of corrosion of heterogeneous catalysis. However, the intrinsic nonuniformity of supports has limited attempts to make supported catalysts truly uniform. We report the synthesis and performance of such a catalyst, made from [Rh(C(2)H(4))(2)(CH(3)COCHCOCH(3))] and a crystalline support, dealuminated Y zeolite, giving {Rh(C(2)H(4))(2)} groups anchored by bonds to two zeolite oxygen ions, with the structure determined by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and the uniformity of the supported complex demonstrated by (13)C NMR spectroscopy. When the ethylene ligands are replaced by acetylene, catalytic cyclotrimerization to benzene ensues. Characterizing the working catalyst, we observed evidence of intermediates in the catalytic cycle by NMR spectroscopy. Calculations at the level of density functional theory confirmed the structure of the as-synthesized supported metal complex determined by EXAFS spectroscopy. With this structure as an anchor, we used the computational results to elucidate the catalytic cycle (including transition states), finding results in agreement with the NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W Kletnieks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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25
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Bhirud V, Uzun A, Kletnieks P, Craciun R, Haw J, Dixon D, Olmstead M, Gates B. Synthesis and crystal structure of Ir(C2H4)2(C5H7O2). J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Zhang Y, Lewis JC, Bergman RG, Ellman JA, Oldfield E. NMR Shifts, Orbitals, and M···H−X Bonding in d8 Square Planar Metal Complexes. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060163h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94702
| | - Jared C. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94702
| | - Robert G. Bergman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94702
| | - Jonathan A. Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94702
| | - Eric Oldfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94702
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27
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Liang AJ, Bhirud VA, Ehresmann JO, Kletnieks PW, Haw JF, Gates BC. A Site-Isolated Rhodium−Diethylene Complex Supported on Highly Dealuminated Y Zeolite: Synthesis and Characterization. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:24236-43. [PMID: 16375419 DOI: 10.1021/jp054623g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of Rh(C2H4)2(acac) with the partially dehydroxylated surface of dealuminated zeolite Y (calcined at 773 K) and treatments of the resultant surface species in various atmospheres (He, CO, H2, and D2) were investigated with infrared (IR), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The IR spectra show that Rh(C2H4)2(acac) reacted readily with surface OH groups of the zeolite, leading to loss of acac ligands from the Rh(C2H4)2(acac) and formation of supported mononuclear rhodium complexes, confirmed by the lack of Rh-Rh contributions in the EXAFS spectra; each Rh atom was bonded on average to two oxygen atoms of the zeolite surface with a Rh-O distance of 2.19 A. IR, EXAFS, and 13C NMR spectra show that the ethylene ligands remained bonded to the Rh center in the supported complex. Treatment of the sample in CO led to the formation of site-isolated Rh(CO)2 complexes bonded to the zeolite. The sharpness of the nu(CO) bands in the IR spectrum gives evidence of a nearly uniform supported Rh(CO)2 complex and, by inference, the near uniformity of the mononuclear rhodium complex with ethylene ligands from which it was formed. The supported complex with ethylene ligands reacted with H2 to give ethane, and it also catalyzed ethylene hydrogenation at 294 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann J Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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28
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Ramalho T, Bühl M, Figueroa-Villar J, de Alencastro R. Computational NMR Spectroscopy of Transition-Metal/Nitroimidazole Complexes: Theoretical Investigation of Potential Radiosensitizers. Helv Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200590210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Gaunt JA, Gibson VC, Haynes A, Spitzmesser SK, White AJP, Williams DJ. Bis(imino)carbazolide Complexes of Rhodium: Highly Nucleophilic Ligands Exerting a Dramatic Accelerating Effect on MeI Oxidative Addition. Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om034309d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Gaunt
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AY, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Vernon C. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AY, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Anthony Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AY, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Stefan K. Spitzmesser
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AY, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AY, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
| | - David J. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AY, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7HF, U.K
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30
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Zhang J, Sun XZ, Poliakoff M, George MW. Study of the reaction of Rh(acac)(CO)2 with alkenes in polyethylene films under high-pressure hydrogen and the Rh-catalysed hydrogenation of alkenes. J Organomet Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(03)00439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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Ma G, Fischer A, Glaser J. Synthesis and Structure of Monomeric and Platinum-Bonded (1,10-Phenanthroline)thallium Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0682(200206)2002:6<1307::aid-ejic1307>3.0.co;2-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Frison G, Grützmacher H. Coordinated olefins, H2CCHR, and phosphanes, PH2R: a theoretical study of the R substituent effect. J Organomet Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(01)01276-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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