1
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Andrés JL, Suárez E, Martín M, Sola E. Mechanistic Versatility at Ir(PSiP) Pincer Catalysts: Triflate Proton Shuttling from 2-Butyne to Diene and [3]Dendralene Motifs. Organometallics 2022; 41:2622-2630. [PMID: 36185395 PMCID: PMC9518705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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The five-coordinate
hydrido complex [IrH(OTf)(PSiP)]
(1) catalytically transforms 2-butyne into a mixture
of its isomer
1,3-butadiene, and [3]dendralene and linear hexatriene dimerization
products: (E)-4-methyl-3-methylene-1,4-hexadiene
and (3Z)-3,4-dimethyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, respectively.
Under the conditions of the catalytic reaction, benzene, and 363 K,
the hexatriene further undergoes thermal electrocyclization into 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene.
The reactions between 1 and the alkyne substrate allow
isolation or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) observation of catalyst
resting states and possible reaction intermediates, including complexes
with the former PSiP pincer ligands disassembled into PSi and PC chelates,
and species coordinating allyl or carbene fragments en route to products.
The density functional theory (DFT) calculations guided by these experimental
observations disclose competing mechanisms for C–H bond elaboration
that move H atoms either classically, as hydrides, or as protons transported
by the triflate. This latter role of triflate, previously recognized
only for more basic anions such as carboxylates, is discussed to result
from combining the unfavorable charge separation in the nonpolar solvent
and the low electronic demand from the metal to the anion at coordination
positions trans to silicon. Triflate deprotonation of methyl groups
is key to release highly coordinating diene products from stable allyl
intermediates, thus enabling catalytic cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. Andrés
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC − Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias, E50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Suárez
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC − Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias, E50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Martín
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC − Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias, E50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eduardo Sola
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC − Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias, E50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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2
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Li J, Zhuo Q, Zhuo K, Chen D, Xia H. Synthesis and Reactivity Studies of Irida-carbolong Complexes. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/a20080392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Abstract
Since the prediction of the existence of metallabenzenes in 1979, metallaaromatic chemistry has developed rapidly, due to its importance in both experimental and theoretical fields. Now six major types of metallaromatic compounds, metallabenzenes, metallabenzynes, heterometallaaromatics, dianion metalloles, metallapentalenes and metallapentalynes (also termed carbolongs), and spiro metalloles, have been reported and extensively studied. Their parent organic analogues may be aromatic, non-aromatic, or even anti-aromatic. These unique systems not only enrich the large family of aromatics, but they also broaden our understanding and extend the concept of aromaticity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of metallaaromatic chemistry. We have focused on not only the six major classes of metallaaromatics, including the main-group-metal-based metallaaromatics, but also other types, such as metallacyclobutadienes and metallacyclopropenes. The structures, synthetic methods, and reactivities are described, their applications are covered, and the challenges and future prospects of the area are discussed. The criteria commonly used to judge the aromaticity of metallaaromatics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafa Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Hua
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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4
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Talavera M, Pereira-Cameselle R, Bolaño S. Rhodafuran from a methoxy(alkenyl)carbene by the rhoda-1,3,5-hexatriene route. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:9064-9071. [PMID: 29931013 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01889h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A methoxy(alkenyl)carbenerhodium complex [RhCp*Cl{[double bond, length as m-dash]C(OMe)CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CPh2}(PMe3)]PF6 (2) has been synthesized and used as the starting material for the study of the effect of the metal center (Rh vs. Ir) in the formation of new rhodacycle complexes. While η3 and η5 indenylrhodium complexes have been achieved by the C-H bond activation of a phenyl ring, insertion of terminal alkynes into the rhodium-carbene bond led to the first example of the synthesis of rhodafuran complexes through rhoda-1,3,5-hexatriene intermediates. This new method represents an efficient process to obtain metallafuran complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Talavera
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Universitario, E-36310 Vigo, Spain.
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5
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Kohser S, Butenschön H. (Di‐
tert
‐butylphosphanylethyl)cyclopentadienylnickel Chelates with Alkyl, Alkenyl, Aryl, and Alkynyl Ligands: Hints to Cumulenylidene Resonance Forms. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Kohser
- Institut für Organische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Schneiderberg 1B 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Schneiderberg 1B 30167 Hannover Germany
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6
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Talavera M, Bolaño S, Bravo J, García‐Fontán S, Hermida‐Ramón JM. The Catalytic Role of Extra Molecules in the Aminolysis or Heterolytic Cleavage of an Iridium Alkoxycarbene Complex. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Talavera
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Sandra Bolaño
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Jorge Bravo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Soledad García‐Fontán
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Jose M. Hermida‐Ramón
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario, 36310 Vigo, Spain http://quifis.webs.uvigo.es/
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7
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Ikeda Y, Kodama S, Tsuchida N, Ishii Y. Competition between vinylidene rearrangement and 1,2-insertion of carbon-disubstituted internal alkynes at a Cp*Ir(iii) complex. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:17448-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02207j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Competition between vinylidene rearrangement/1,1-insertion and 1,2-alkyne insertion into the Ir–Ar bond of [Cp*Ir(ppy-F4)]+ was observed on reaction with diarylacetylenes. The former process afforded the 9-membered iridacycle via the subsequent 1,4-Ir migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Ikeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Chuo University
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Shintaro Kodama
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Chuo University
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Noriko Tsuchida
- Department of Liberal Arts
- Faculty of Medicine
- Saitama Medical University
- Saitama 350-0495
- Japan
| | - Youichi Ishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Chuo University
- Tokyo
- Japan
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8
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Zhang H, Lin R, Li J, Zhu J, Xia H. Interconversion between Ruthenacyclohexadiene and Ruthenabenzene: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500550a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ran Lin
- Department
of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Department
of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Department
of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and State Key Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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9
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Sravani C, Venkatesh S, Vijayakrishna K, Sivaramakrishna A. Alkenyl complexes of platinum group metals: a platform for diverse reactivity patterns. Appl Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinduluri Sravani
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences; VIT University; Vellore 632 014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sadhana Venkatesh
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences; VIT University; Vellore 632 014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Kari Vijayakrishna
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences; VIT University; Vellore 632 014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Akella Sivaramakrishna
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences; VIT University; Vellore 632 014 Tamil Nadu India
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10
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Ikeda Y, Takano K, Kodama S, Ishii Y. 1,4- and 1,3-Metal Migration in a Cp*IrIII Complex: Experimental Evidence of Direct 1,3-Metal Migration. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5005258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Ikeda
- Department
of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Koichi Takano
- Department
of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kodama
- Department
of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Youichi Ishii
- Department
of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
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11
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Ikeda Y, Takano K, Waragai M, Kodama S, Tsuchida N, Takano K, Ishii Y. Reversibility of 1,4-Metal Migration in Cp*RhIII and Cp*IrIII Complexes. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5003232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Ikeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of
Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Koichi Takano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of
Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Maiko Waragai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Graduate
School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kodama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of
Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Noriko Tsuchida
- Department of Liberal
Arts, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi,
Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Keiko Takano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Graduate
School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Youichi Ishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of
Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga,
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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12
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Xie F, Qi Z, Yu S, Li X. Rh(III)- and Ir(III)-Catalyzed C–H Alkynylation of Arenes under Chelation Assistance. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4780-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja501910e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xie
- Dalian Institute of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zisong Qi
- Dalian Institute of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Songjie Yu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xingwei Li
- Dalian Institute of Chemical
Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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13
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Dalebrook AF, Wright LJ. Metallabenzenes and Metallabenzenoids. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396970-5.00003-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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14
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Clark GR, Johns PM, Roper WR, Söhnel T, Wright LJ. Regioselective Mono-, Di-, and Trifunctionalization of Iridabenzofurans through Electrophilic Substitution Reactions. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100888z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George R. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul M. Johns
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Warren R. Roper
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - L. James Wright
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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15
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Synthesis and solid-state structures of (triphos)iridacyclopentadiene complexes as models for vinylidene intermediates in the [2+2+1] cyclotrimerization of alkynes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Paneque M, Poveda ML, Rendón N. Synthesis and Reactivity of Iridacycles Containing the Tp
Me2
Ir Moiety. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Paneque
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas and Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, Fax: +34‐954460565
| | - Manuel L. Poveda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas and Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, Fax: +34‐954460565
| | - Nuria Rendón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas and Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, Fax: +34‐954460565
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17
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Lin Y, Xu H, Gong L, Wen TB, He XM, Xia H. C−H Bond Activation and Subsequent C(sp2)−C(sp3) Bond Formation: Coupling of Bromomethyl and Triphenylphosphine in an Iridium Complex. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100187t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Bin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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18
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Abstract
The present review deals with the preparation and the properties of star-shaped conjugated compounds. Three, four or six conjugated arms are attached to cross-conjugated cores, which consist of single atoms (B, C+, N), benzene or azine rings or polycyclic ring systems, as for example triphenylene or tristriazolotriazine. Many of these shape-persistent [n]star compounds tend to π-stacking and self-organization, and exhibit interesting properties in materials science: Linear and non-linear optics, electrical conductivity, electroluminescence, formation of liquid crystalline phases, etc.
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19
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Zhang H, Lin R, Hong G, Wang T, Wen TB, Xia H. Nucleophilic Aromatic Addition Reactions of the Metallabenzenes and Metallapyridinium: Attacking Aromatic Metallacycles with Bis(diphenylphosphino)methane to Form Metallacyclohexadienes and Cyclic η2-Allene-Coordinated Complexes. Chemistry 2010; 16:6999-7007. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Paneque M, Posadas CM, Poveda ML, Rendón N, Alvarez E, Mereiter K. Investigations on the Coupling of Ethylene and Alkynes in [IrTpMe2] Compounds: Water as an Effective Trapping Agent. Chemistry 2007; 13:5160-72. [PMID: 17377937 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200601500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the bis(ethylene) complex [Tp(Me(2) )Ir(C(2)H(4))(2)] (1) (Tp(Me(2) ): hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) with two equivalents of dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) in CH(2)Cl(2) at 25 degrees C gives the hydride-alkenyl species [Tp(Me(2) )IrH{C(R)=C(R)C(R)=C(R)CH=CH(2)}] (2, R: CO(2)Me) in high yield. A careful study of this system has established the active role of a number of intermediates en route to producing 2. The first of these is the iridium(I) complex [Tp(Me(2) )Ir(C(2)H(4))(DMAD)] (4) formed by substitution of one of the ethylene ligands in 1 by a molecule of DMAD. Complex 4 reacts further with another equivalent of the alkyne to give the unsaturated metallacyclopentadiene [Tp(Me(2) )Ir{C(R)=C(R)C(R)=C(R)}], which can be trapped by added water to give adduct 7, or can react with the C(2)H(4) present in solution generating complex 2. This last step has been shown to proceed by insertion of ethylene into one of the Ir--C bonds of the metallacyclopentadiene and subsequent beta-H elimination. Complex 1 reacts sequentially with one equivalent of DMAD and one equivalent of methyl propiolate (MP) in the presence of water, with regioselective formation of the nonsymmetric iridacyclopentadiene [Tp(Me(2) )Ir{C(R)=C(R)C(H)=C(R)}(H(2)O)] (9). Complex 9 reacts with ethylene giving a hydride-alkenyl complex 10, related to 2, in which the C(2)H(4) has inserted regiospecifically into the Ir--C(R) bond that bears the CH functionality. Heating solutions of either 2 or 10 in CH(2)Cl(2) allows the formation of the allyl species 3 or 11, respectively, by simple stereoselective migration of the hydride ligand to the Calpha alkenyl carbon atom and concomitant bond reorganization of the resulting organic chain. All the compounds described herein have been characterized by microanalysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, and for the case of 3, 7, 7CO, 8NCMe, 9, 9NCMe, and 10, also by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Paneque
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas and Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Seville, Spain
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21
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Organometallic gold(I)–nickel(II)–aryldiethynyl (–C≡C(Ar)C≡C–) phosphine complexes: synthesis and multinuclear n.m.r. study. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-007-0206-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Mak TCW, Zhao L. Multinuclear Silver Ethynide Supramolecular Synthons for the Construction of Coordination Networks. Chem Asian J 2007; 2:456-67. [PMID: 17441182 DOI: 10.1002/asia.200600386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The invariant appearance of the mu8 coordination mode for the C4(2-) dianion in its silver(I) complexes, with four silver(I) atoms attached to each terminal ethynide moiety, implies that the Ag4[cap]C[triple bond]C-C[triple bond]C[cap]Ag4 species may be considered as a new type of supramolecular synthon for the construction of 1D, 2D, and 3D coordination polymers. This Focus Review covers recent results on the synthesis and structural characterization of silver(I) arylethynide and alkylethynide complexes, which established the existence and utility of analogous polynuclear supramolecular synthons R-C[triple bond]C[cap]Ag(n) (R = aryl or alkyl; n = 4, 5) and Ag(n)[cap]C2-R-C2[cap]Ag(n) (R = p-, m-, o-C6H4; n = 4, 5). The interplay of silver-ethynide bonding, which can be classified into sigma, pi, and mixed (sigma,pi) types, with argentophilicity, pi-pi stacking, and other weak interactions highlights the complexity and challenge in building coordination networks of silver ethynide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C W Mak
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Novel Functional Molecules, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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Barluenga J, García-García P, de Sáa D, Fernández-Rodríguez MA, Bernardo de la Rúa R, Ballesteros A, Aguilar E, Tomás M. Chromium(0) Alkynylcarbene Complexes as Cβ-Electrophilic Carbene Equivalents: Regioselective Access to Dienynes and Dienediynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:2610-2. [PMID: 17309090 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200605197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Barluenga
- Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica Enrique Moles, Unidad Asociada al C.S.I.C, Universidad de Oviedo, C/. Julián Clavería, Oviedo, Spain.
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Barluenga J, García-García P, de Sáa D, Fernández-Rodríguez M, Bernardo de la Rúa R, Ballesteros A, Aguilar E, Tomás M. Chromium(0) Alkynylcarbene Complexes as Cβ-Electrophilic Carbene Equivalents: Regioselective Access to Dienynes and Dienediynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200605197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Gong L, Wu L, Lin Y, Zhang H, Yang F, Wen T, Xia H. Synthesis and characterization of a bimetallic iridium complex with a ten sp2-carbon chain bridge. Dalton Trans 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b706900f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chin CS, Eum MS, Kim SY, Kim C, Kang SK. New Type of Photoluminescent Iridium Complex: Novel Synthetic Route for Cationictrans-Bis(2-phenylpyridinato)iridium(III) Complex. Eur J Inorg Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200600888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Chopade P, Louie J. [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions Catalyzed by Transition Metal Complexes. Adv Synth Catal 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200600325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 607] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kezuka S, Tanaka S, Ohe T, Nakaya Y, Takeuchi R. Iridium complex-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition of alpha,omega-diynes with monoynes and monoenes. J Org Chem 2006; 71:543-52. [PMID: 16408962 DOI: 10.1021/jo051874c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] [Ir(cod)Cl]2/DPPE was found to be a new catalyst for the cycloaddition of alpha,omega-diynes with monoynes to give polysubstituted benzene derivatives in high yields. Internal monoynes as well as terminal monoynes could be used. The reaction tolerates a broad range of functional groups such as alcohol, amine, alkene, ether, halogen, and nitrile. The reaction of 1,6-octadiyne derivatives with 1-alkynes gives ortho products and meta products. The regioselectivity could be controlled by the choice of ligand. The reaction with DPPE was meta selective, with meta selectivity of up to 82%. The reaction with DPPF was ortho selective, with ortho selectivity of up to 88%. We propose a mechanism to account for this regioselective cycloaddition. [Ir(cod)Cl](2)/DPPE also catalyzed the cycloaddition of alpha,omega-diynes with 2,5-dihydrofuran to give bicyclic cyclohexadiene derivatives. The reaction with 2,3-dihydrofuran and n-butyl vinyl ether gave benzene derivatives instead of cyclohexadiene derivatives. We also propose a mechanism to account for this novel aromatization that includes cleavage of the C-O bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Kezuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara 229-8558, Japan
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Abstract
Research into aromatic metallacycles, though discussed in the literature over the last quarter century, has undergone a major expansion since 2000. A wide variety of new metallabenzenes, encompassing new synthetic methods and new metal centers, is now available. New aromatic metallacycle topologies (iridanaphthalene, osmabenzynes) have been isolated and characterized. The first metallabenzene valence isomers (iridabenzvalenes, rhodabenzvalenes) and constitutional isomers (isoosmabenzenes) are now known. This review discusses the synthesis, chemistry, and physical properties of these intriguing aromatic compounds.
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Chin CS, Lee H. New iridacyclohexadienes and iridabenzenes by [2+2+1] cyclotrimerization of alkynes and facile interconversion between iridacyclohexadienes and iridabenzenes. Chemistry 2006; 10:4518-22. [PMID: 15378630 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Iridabenzenes [Ir[=CHCH=CHCH=C(CH2R)](CH3CN)2(PPh3)2]2+ (R=Ph 4 a, R=p-C6H4CH3 4 b) are obtained from the reactions of H+ with iridacyclohexadienes [Ir[-CH=CHCH=CHC(=CH-p-C6H4R')](CO)(PPh3)2]+ (R'=H 3 a, R'=CH3 3 b), which are prepared from [2+2+1] cyclotrimerization of alkynes in the reactions of [Ir(CH3CN)(CO)(PPh3)2]+ with HC[triple chemical bond]CH and HC[triple chemical bond]CR. Iridabenzenes 4 react with CO and CH3CN in the presence of NEt3 to give iridacyclohexadienes [Ir[-CH=CHCH=CHC(=CHR)](CO)2(PPh3)2]+ (6) and [Ir[-CH=CHCH=CHC(=CHR)](CH3CN)2(PPh3)2]+ (7), respectively. Iridacyclohexadienes 6 and 7 also convert to iridabenzenes 4 by the reactions with H+ in the presence of CH3CN. Alkynyl iridacyclohexadienes [Ir[-CH=CHCH=CHC(=CH-p-C6H4R')](-C[triple chemical bond]CH)(PPh3)2] (8) undergo a cleavage of C[triple chemical bond]C bond by H+/H2O to produce [Ir[-CH=CHCH=CHC(=CH-p-C6H4R')](-CH3)(CO)(PPh3)2] (10) via facile inter-conversion between iridacyclohexadienes and iridabenzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Shik Chin
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea
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Zhao L, Mak TCW. Assembly of Polymeric Silver(I) Complexes of Isomeric Phenylenediethynides with the Supramolecular Synthons Agn⊂ C2RC2 ⊃Agn (R = p-, m-, o-C6H4; n = 4, 5). J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:14966-7. [PMID: 16248602 DOI: 10.1021/ja054176i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New Agn subset C2-R-C2 supersetAgn (R = p-, m-, o-C6H4; n = 4, 5) supramolecular synthons have been explored in the coordination network assembly of silver(I) complexes of the isomeric phenylenediethynides. An unprecedented mu5-eta1-coordination mode for the ethynide moiety and a mixed mu4,mu5-coordination mode for the o-phenylenediethynide group are observed, providing a rationale for the abundant occurrence of C2@Agn (n </= 10) polyhedral cages in double and multiple salts of silver acetylenediide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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Chin CS, Lee H. Formation of metal–carbon σ-bonds via reactions of alkynes with iridium and their reactivity toward carbon–carbon bond formation with neighboring hydrocarbyl ligands. CR CHIM 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2004.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chin CS, Lee H, Eum MS. Iridabenzenes from Iridacyclopentadienes: Unusual C−C Bond Formation between Unsaturated Hydrocarbyl Ligands. Organometallics 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/om050529a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Shik Chin
- Chemistry Department, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Hyungeui Lee
- Chemistry Department, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Min-Sik Eum
- Chemistry Department, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
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Li X, Vogel T, Incarvito CD, Crabtree RH. Electronic and Steric Effects in the Insertion of Alkynes into an Iridium(III) Hydride. Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om049271z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Tiffany Vogel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
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Li X, Appelhans LN, Faller JW, Crabtree RH. Stoichiometric C−C Coupling Reactions in the Coordination Sphere of an Iridium(III) Alkyl. Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om049837j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Leah N. Appelhans
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Jack W. Faller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
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Chin CS, Kim M, Lee MK, Lee H. Acyliridium-Alkoxycarbenes and an Iridacycle Containing Vinyl Acetate (−C(CH2)OC(CH3)O−) Ligand from Reactions of Acetatoiridium with Alkynes. Organometallics 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/om0302746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Shik Chin
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea
| | - Mieock Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea
| | - Myung Ki Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea
| | - Hyungeui Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea
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