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Uppal R, Israel HP, Incarvito CD, Valentine AM. Correction to Titanium(IV) Complexes with N, N′-Dialkyl-2,3-dihydroxyterephthalamides and 1-Hydroxy-2(1 H)-pyridinone as Siderophore and Tunichrome Analogues. Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5001182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kulikov OV, Thompson S, Xu H, Incarvito CD, Scott RTW, Saraogi I, Nevola L, Hamilton AD. Design and Synthesis of Oligoamide-Based Double α-Helix Mimetics (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 17/2013). European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201390045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kulikov OV, Thompson S, Xu H, Incarvito CD, Scott RTW, Saraogi I, Nevola L, Hamilton AD. Design and Synthesis of Oligoamide-Based Double α-Helix Mimetics. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tauchert ME, Incarvito CD, Rheingold AL, Bergman RG, Ellman JA. Mechanism of the rhodium(III)-catalyzed arylation of imines via C-H bond functionalization: inhibition by substrate. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:1482-5. [PMID: 22257031 DOI: 10.1021/ja211110h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rh(III)-catalyzed arylation of imines provides a new method for C-C bond formation while simultaneously introducing an α-branched amine as a functional group. This detailed mechanistic study provides insights for the rational future development of this new reaction. Relevant intermediate Rh(III) complexes have been isolated and characterized, and their reactivities in stoichiometric reactions with relevant substrates have been monitored. The reaction was found to be first order in the catalyst resting state and inverse first order in the C-H activation substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Tauchert
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Schley ND, Blakemore JD, Subbaiyan NK, Incarvito CD, D’Souza F, Crabtree RH, Brudvig GW. Distinguishing Homogeneous from Heterogeneous Catalysis in Electrode-Driven Water Oxidation with Molecular Iridium Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:10473-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2004522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D. Schley
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - James D. Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Navaneetha K. Subbaiyan
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260-0051, United States
| | - Christopher D. Incarvito
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Francis D’Souza
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260-0051, United States
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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Blakemore JD, Chalkley MJ, Farnaby JH, Guard LM, Hazari N, Incarvito CD, Luzik ED, Suh HW. New Bidentate Trans-Chelating N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands for Palladium. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om100890q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James D. Blakemore
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Matthew J. Chalkley
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Joy H. Farnaby
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Louise M. Guard
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Christopher D. Incarvito
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Eddie D. Luzik
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- The Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Hee Won Suh
- The Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Hruszkewycz DP, Wu J, Hazari N, Incarvito CD. Palladium(I)-Bridging Allyl Dimers for the Catalytic Functionalization of CO2. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3280-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110708k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damian P. Hruszkewycz
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Christopher D. Incarvito
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Marino N, Fazen CH, Blakemore JD, Incarvito CD, Hazari N, Doyle RP. Isostructural PdII and PtII Pyrophosphato Complexes: Polymorphism and Unusual Bond Character in d8−d8 Systems. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:2507-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ic1023373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Marino
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-4100, United States
| | - Christopher H. Fazen
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-4100, United States
| | - James D. Blakemore
- Chemistry Department, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Christopher D. Incarvito
- Chemistry Department, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Chemistry Department, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Robert P. Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-4100, United States
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Brewster TP, Blakemore JD, Schley ND, Incarvito CD, Hazari N, Brudvig GW, Crabtree RH. An Iridium(IV) Species, [Cp*Ir(NHC)Cl]+, Related to a Water-Oxidation Catalyst. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om101016s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Brewster
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - James D. Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Nathan D. Schley
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Christopher D. Incarvito
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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Blakemore JD, Schley ND, Olack GW, Incarvito CD, Brudvig GW, Crabtree RH. Anodic deposition of a robust iridium-based water-oxidation catalyst from organometallic precursors. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00418a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Schmeier TJ, Hazari N, Incarvito CD, Raskatov JA. Exploring the reactions of CO2with PCP supported nickel complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1824-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03898a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Mbatia HW, Ulloa OA, Kennedy DP, Incarvito CD, Burdette SC. Iodination of anilines and phenols with 18-crown-6 supported ICl2−. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:2987-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00926a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
A family of palladium allyl complexes of the type bis(2-methylallyl)Pd(L) (L = PMe(3) (1), PEt(3) (2), PPh(3) (3) or NHC (4); NHC = 1,3-Bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene) have been prepared through the reaction of bis(2-methylallyl)Pd with the appropriate free ligand. Compounds 1-4 contain one η(1) and one η(3)-2-methylallyl ligand and 3 was characterized by X-ray crystallography. These complexes react rapidly with CO(2) at low temperature to form well defined unidentate palladium carboxylates of the type (η(3)-2-methylallyl)Pd(OC(O)C(4)H(7))(L) (L = PMe(3) (6), PEt(3) (7), PPh(3) (8) or NHC (9). The structure of 9 was elucidated using X-ray crystallography. The mechanism of the reaction of 1-4 with CO(2) was probed using a combination of experimental and theoretical (density functional theory) studies. The coordination mode of the allyl ligand is crucial and whereas nucleophilic η(1)-allyls react rapidly with CO(2), η(3)-allyls do not react. We propose that the reaction of η(1)-palladium allyls with CO(2) does not proceed via direct insertion of CO(2) into the Pd-C bond but through nucleophilic attack of the terminal olefin on electrophilic CO(2), followed by an associative substitution at palladium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Green
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Damian P. Hruszkewycz
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | | | - Timothy J. Schmeier
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
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Blakemore JD, Schley ND, Balcells D, Hull JF, Olack GW, Incarvito CD, Eisenstein O, Brudvig GW, Crabtree RH. Half-sandwich iridium complexes for homogeneous water-oxidation catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:16017-29. [PMID: 20964386 DOI: 10.1021/ja104775j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iridium half-sandwich complexes of the types Cp*Ir(N-C)X, [Cp*Ir(N-N)X]X, and [CpIr(N-N)X]X are catalyst precursors for the homogeneous oxidation of water to dioxygen. Kinetic studies with cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate as primary oxidant show that oxygen evolution is rapid and continues over many hours. In addition, [Cp*Ir(H(2)O)(3)]SO(4) and [(Cp*Ir)(2)(μ-OH)(3)]OH can show even higher turnover frequencies (up to 20 min(-1) at pH 0.89). Aqueous electrochemical studies on the cationic complexes having chelate ligands show catalytic oxidation at pH > 7; conversely, at low pH, there are no oxidation waves up to 1.5 V vs NHE for the complexes. H(2)(18)O isotope incorporation studies demonstrate that water is the source of oxygen atoms during cerium(IV)-driven catalysis. DFT calculations and kinetic experiments, including kinetic-isotope-effect studies, suggest a mechanism for homogeneous iridium-catalyzed water oxidation and contribute to the determination of the rate-determining step. The kinetic experiments also help distinguish the active homogeneous catalyst from heterogeneous nanoparticulate iridium dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Chatterjee C, Incarvito CD, Burns LA, Vaccaro PH. Electronic Structure and Proton Transfer in Ground-State Hexafluoroacetylacetone. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:6630-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jp101224e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrima Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | | | - Lori A. Burns
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Patrick H. Vaccaro
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Kennedy
- Department of Chemisty, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road U- 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Christopher D. Incarvito
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Shawn C. Burdette
- Department of Chemisty, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road U- 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
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Uppal R, Israel HP, Incarvito CD, Valentine AM. Titanium(IV) Complexes with N,N′-Dialkyl-2,3-dihydroxyterephthalamides and 1-Hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinone as Siderophore and Tunichrome Analogues. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:10769-79. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901177c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Uppal
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Hayley P. Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | | | - Ann M. Valentine
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
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Hull JF, Balcells D, Blakemore JD, Incarvito CD, Eisenstein O, Brudvig GW, Crabtree RH. Highly active and robust Cp* iridium complexes for catalytic water oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8730-1. [PMID: 19496565 DOI: 10.1021/ja901270f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of Cp*Ir catalysts are the most active known by over an order of magnitude for water oxidation with Ce(IV). DFT calculations support a Cp*Ir=O complex as an active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F Hull
- Chemistry Department, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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Bandara HMD, Kennedy DP, Akin E, Incarvito CD, Burdette SC. Photoinduced Release of Zn2+with ZinCleav-1: a Nitrobenzyl-Based Caged Complex. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:8445-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ic901062n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Partyka DV, Washington MP, Updegraff JB, Chen X, Incarvito CD, Rheingold AL, Protasiewicz JD. Surveying the {AuCl} adducts of bulky phosphines bearing the 2,6-dimesitylphenyl group. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jenkins S, Incarvito CD, Parr J, Wasserman HH. Structural studies of C-ring substituted unnatural analogues of prodigiosin. CrystEngComm 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b813351d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hull JF, Sauer ELO, Incarvito CD, Faller JW, Brudvig GW, Crabtree RH. Manganese Catalysts with Molecular Recognition Functionality for Selective Alkene Epoxidation. Inorg Chem 2008; 48:488-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ic8013464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F. Hull
- Chemistry Department, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Effiette L. O. Sauer
- Chemistry Department, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | | | - J. W. Faller
- Chemistry Department, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Chemistry Department, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Chemistry Department, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
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Lee SJ, Strobel SA, Eisenman K, Dulay AT, Boulanger LA, Zhao G, Strobel G, Incarvito CD, Buhimschi CS, Buhimschi IA. 89: Fungal endophytes as a platform for discovery of novel therapeutic strategies to inhibit pathogenic processes relevant for preterm birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.09.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gnanamgari D, Sauer ELO, Schley ND, Butler C, Incarvito CD, Crabtree RH. Iridium and Ruthenium Complexes with Chelating N-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Efficient Catalysts for Transfer Hydrogenation, β-Alkylation of Alcohols, and N-Alkylation of Amines. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800821q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinakar Gnanamgari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Effiette L. O. Sauer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Nathan D. Schley
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Chase Butler
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Christopher D. Incarvito
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
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Tinoco AD, Eames EV, Incarvito CD, Valentine AM. Hydrolytic Metal with a Hydrophobic Periphery: Titanium(IV) Complexes of Naphthalene-2,3-diolate and Interactions with Serum Albumin. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:8380-90. [PMID: 18710217 DOI: 10.1021/ic800529v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur D. Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Emily V. Eames
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | | | - Ann M. Valentine
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
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Appelhans LN, Incarvito CD, Crabtree RH. Synthesis of monodentate bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes of iridium: Mixed complexes of abnormal NHCs, normal NHCs, and triazole NHCs. J Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Copper(I) imidate and amidate complexes of chelating N,N-donor ligands, which are proposed intermediates in copper-catalyzed amidations of aryl halides, have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction and detailed solution-phase methods. In some cases, the complexes adopt neutral, three-coordinate trigonal planar structures in the solid state, but in other cases they adopt an ionic form consisting of an L 2Cu (+) cation and a CuX 2 (-) anion. A tetraalkylammonium salt of the CuX 2 (-) anion in which X = phthalimidate was also isolated. Conductivity measurements and (1)H NMR spectra of mixtures of two complexes all indicate that the complexes exist predominantly in the ionic form in DMSO and DMF solutions. One complex was sufficiently soluble for conductance measurements in less polar solvents and was shown to adopt some degree of the ionic form in THF and predominantly the neutral form in benzene. The complexes containing dative nitrogen ligands reacted with iodoarenes and bromoarenes to form products from C-N coupling, but the ammonium salt of [Cu(phth) 2] (-) did not. Similar selectivities for stoichiometric and catalytic reactions with two different iodoarenes and faster rates for the stoichiometric reactions implied that the isolated amidate and imidate complexes are intermediates in the reactions of amides and imides with haloarenes catalyzed by copper complexes containing dative N,N ligands. These amidates and imidates reacted much more slowly with chloroarenes, including chloroarenes that possess more favorable reduction potentials than some bromoarenes and that are known to undergo fast dissociation of chloride from the chloroarene radical anion. The reaction of o-(allyloxy)iodobenzene with [(phen) 2Cu][Cu(pyrr) 2] results in formation of the C-N coupled product in high yield and no detectable amount of the 3-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran or 3-methylene-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran products that would be expected from a reaction that generated free radicals. These data and computed reaction barriers argue against mechanisms in which the haloarene reacts with a two-coordinate anionic copper species and mechanisms that start with electron transfer to generate a free iodoarene radical anion. Instead, these data are more consistent with mechanisms involving cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond within the coordination sphere of the metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse W. Tye
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Zhiqiang Weng
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Adam M. Johns
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Christopher D. Incarvito
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Departments of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. Stambuli
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107 (USA)
| | - Zhiqiang Weng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA), Fax: (+1)217-244-8024
| | | | - John F. Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 (USA), Fax: (+1)217-244-8024, , Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8107 (USA)
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Lee DH, Hatcher LQ, Vance MA, Sarangi R, Milligan AE, Sarjeant AAN, Incarvito CD, Rheingold AL, Hodgson KO, Hedman B, Solomon EI, Karlin KD. Copper(I) Complex O2-Reactivity with a N3S Thioether Ligand: a Copper−Dioxygen Adduct Including Sulfur Ligation, Ligand Oxygenation, and Comparisons with All Nitrogen Ligand Analogues. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:6056-68. [PMID: 17580938 DOI: 10.1021/ic700541k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to contribute to an understanding of the effects of thioether sulfur ligation in copper-O(2) reactivity, the tetradentate ligands L(N3S) (2-ethylthio-N,N-bis(pyridin-2-yl)methylethanamine) and L(N3S')(2-ethylthio-N,N-bis(pyridin-2-yl)ethylethanamine) have been synthesized. Corresponding copper(I) complexes, [CuI(L(N3S))]ClO(4) (1-ClO(4)), [CuI(L(N3S))]B(C(6)F(5))(4) (1-B(C(6)F(5))(4)), and [CuI(L(N3S'))]ClO(4) (2), were generated, and their redox properties, CO binding, and O(2)-reactivity were compared to the situation with analogous compounds having all nitrogen donor ligands, [CuI(TMPA)(MeCN)](+) and [Cu(I)(PMAP)](+) (TMPA = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine; PMAP = bis[2-(2-pyridyl)ethyl]-(2-pyridyl)methylamine). X-ray structures of 1-B(C(6)F(5))(4), a dimer, and copper(II) complex [Cu(II)(L(N3S))(MeOH)](ClO(4))(2) (3) were obtained; the latter possesses axial thioether coordination. At low temperature in CH(2)Cl(2), acetone, or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF), 1 reacts with O(2) and generates an adduct formulated as an end-on peroxodicopper(II) complex [{Cu(II)(L(N3S))}(2)(mu-1,2-O(2)(2-))](2+) (4)){lambda(max) = 530 (epsilon approximately 9200 M(-1) cm(-1)) and 605 nm (epsilon approximately 11,800 M(-1) cm(-1))}; the number and relative intensity of LMCT UV-vis bands vary from those for [{Cu(II)(TMPA)}(2)(O(2)(2-))](2+) {lambda(max) = 524 nm (epsilon = 11,300 M(-1) cm(-1)) and 615 nm (epsilon = 5800 M(-1) cm(-1))} and are ascribed to electronic structure variation due to coordination geometry changes with the L(N3S) ligand. Resonance Raman spectroscopy confirms the end-on peroxo-formulation {nu(O-O) = 817 cm(-1) (16-18O(2) Delta = 46 cm(-1)) and nu(Cu-O) = 545 cm(-1) (16-18O(2) Delta = 26 cm(-1)); these values are lower in energy than those for [{Cu(II)(TMPA)}(2)(O(2)(2-))](2+) {nu(Cu-O) = 561 cm(-1) and nu(O-O) = 827 cm(-1)} and can be attributed to less electron density donation from the peroxide pi* orbitals to the Cu(II) ion. Complex 4 is the first copper-dioxygen adduct with thioether ligation; direct evidence comes from EXAFS spectroscopy {Cu K-edge; Cu-S = 2.4 Angstrom}. Following a [Cu(I)(L(N3S))](+)/O(2) reaction and warming, the L(N3S) thioether ligand is oxidized to the sulfoxide in a reaction modeling copper monooxygenase activity. By contrast, 2 is unreactive toward dioxygen probably due to its significantly increased Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox potential, an effect of ligand chelate ring size (in comparison to 1). Discussion of the relevance of the chemistry to copper enzyme O(2)-activation, and situations of biological stress involving methionine oxidation, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Heon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Richter HW, Koser GF, Incarvito CD, Rheingold AL. Preparation and Structure of a Solid-State Hypervalent-Iodine Polymer Containing Iodine and Oxygen Atoms in Fused 12-Atom Hexagonal Rings. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:5555-61. [PMID: 17569525 DOI: 10.1021/ic0701716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of dilute aqueous solutions of [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene with aqueous Mg(ClO4)2 produced thin elongated-hexagonal plates exhibiting a supramolecular structure in which tetra-mu-oxopentaiodanyl dication repeat units are joined to each other by significantly ionic bonds and each unit is associated with two perchlorate ions. The linearly extended cationic structure is formed from the 12-atom hexagonal rings of alternating iodine and oxygen atoms, a novel structure. Each 12-membered ring forms a nearly planar hexagonal shape with sides defined by almost linear O-I-O segments (175.7+/-1.6) degrees. The apexes are occupied by bridging oxide ligands where the I-O-I angles deviate only slightly from an ideal 120 degrees hexagonal angle (116.8+/-1.2) degrees, consistent with sp2 hybridization of the bridging oxygen atoms that participate in three-center four-electron bonds with iodine. These 12-atom hexagons are slightly "chair" distorted at the oxygen atoms. The planes of the rings are separated by layers containing the phenyl rings. The perchlorate ions reside in void spaces created by the three-up, three-down arrangement of the phenyl rings around each 12-membered I-O ring and are positioned directly above and below the I-O rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen W Richter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3601, USA.
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Blank NF, Moncarz JR, Brunker TJ, Scriban C, Anderson BJ, Amir O, Glueck DS, Zakharov LN, Golen JA, Incarvito CD, Rheingold AL. Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Phosphination. Scope, Mechanism, and Origin of Enantioselectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:6847-58. [PMID: 17474744 DOI: 10.1021/ja070225a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric cross-coupling of aryl iodides (ArI) with secondary arylphosphines (PHMe(Ar'), Ar' = (2,4,6)-R3C6H2; R = i-Pr (Is), Me (Mes), Ph (Phes)) in the presence of the base NaOSiMe3 and a chiral Pd catalyst precursor, such as Pd((R,R)-Me-Duphos)(trans-stilbene), gave the tertiary phosphines PMe(Ar')(Ar) in enantioenriched form. Sterically demanding secondary phosphine substituents (Ar') and aryl iodides with electron-donating para substituents resulted in the highest enantiomeric excess, up to 88%. Phosphination of ortho-substituted aryl iodides required a Pd(Et-FerroTANE) catalyst but gave low enantioselectivity. Observations during catalysis and stoichiometric studies of the individual steps suggested a mechanism for the cross-coupling of PhI and PHMe(Is) (1) initiated by oxidative addition to Pd(0) yielding Pd((R,R)-Me-Duphos)(Ph)(I) (3). Reversible displacement of iodide by PHMe(Is) gave the cation [Pd((R,R)-Me-Duphos)(Ph)(PHMe(Is))][I] (4), which was isolated as the triflate salt and crystallographically characterized. Deprotonation of 4-OTf with NaOSiMe3 gave the phosphido complex Pd((R,R)-Me-Duphos)(Ph)(PMeIs) (5); an equilibrium between its diastereomers was observed by low-temperature NMR spectroscopy. Reductive elimination of 5 yielded different products depending on the conditions. In the absence of a trap, the unstable three-coordinate phosphine complex Pd((R,R)-Me-Duphos)(PMeIs(Ph)) (6) was formed. Decomposition of 5 in the presence of PhI gave PMeIs(Ph) (2) and regenerated 3, while trapping with phosphine 1 during catalysis gave Pd((R,R)-Me-Duphos)(PHMe(Is))2 (7), which reacted with PhI to give 3. Deprotonation of 1:1 or 1.4:1 mixtures of cations 4-OTf gave the same 6:1 ratio of enantiomers of PMeIs(Ph) (2), suggesting that the rate of P inversion in 5 was greater than or equal to the rate of reductive elimination. Kinetic studies of the first-order reductive elimination of 5 were consistent with a Curtin-Hammett-Winstein-Holness (CHWH) scheme, in which pyramidal inversion at the phosphido ligand was much faster than P-C bond formation. The absolute configuration of the phosphine (SP)-PMeIs(p-MeOC6H4) was determined crystallographically; NMR studies and comparison to the stable complex 5-Pt were consistent with an RP-phosphido ligand in the major diastereomer of the intermediate Pd((R,R)-Me-Duphos)(Ph)(PMeIs) (5). Therefore, the favored enantiomer of phosphine 2 appeared to be formed from the major diastereomer of phosphido intermediate 5, although the minor intermediate diastereomer underwent P-C bond formation about three times more rapidly. The effects of the diphosphine ligand, the phosphido substituents, and the aryl group on the ratio of diastereomers of the phosphido intermediates Pd(diphos*)(Ar)(PMeAr'), their rates of reductive elimination, and the formation of three-coordinate complexes were probed by low-temperature 31P NMR spectroscopy; the results were also consistent with the CHWH scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia F Blank
- Contribution from the 6128 Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
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Hashimoto A, Pais GCG, Wang Q, Lucien E, Incarvito CD, Deshpande M, Bradbury BJ, Wiles JA. Practical Synthesis and Molecular Structure of a Potent Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Isothiazoloquinolone. Org Process Res Dev 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/op700014t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Hashimoto
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, U.S.A., and X-ray Crystallographic Facility, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, U.S.A
| | - Godwin C. G. Pais
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, U.S.A., and X-ray Crystallographic Facility, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, U.S.A
| | - Qiuping Wang
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, U.S.A., and X-ray Crystallographic Facility, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, U.S.A
| | - Edlaine Lucien
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, U.S.A., and X-ray Crystallographic Facility, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, U.S.A
| | - Christopher D. Incarvito
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, U.S.A., and X-ray Crystallographic Facility, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, U.S.A
| | - Milind Deshpande
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, U.S.A., and X-ray Crystallographic Facility, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, U.S.A
| | - Barton J. Bradbury
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, U.S.A., and X-ray Crystallographic Facility, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, U.S.A
| | - Jason A. Wiles
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, U.S.A., and X-ray Crystallographic Facility, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, U.S.A
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Tinoco AD, Incarvito CD, Valentine AM. Calorimetric, spectroscopic, and model studies provide insight into the transport of Ti(IV) by human serum transferrin. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:3444-54. [PMID: 17315875 DOI: 10.1021/ja068149j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that transferrin can bind Ti(IV) in an unhydrolyzed form (without bound hydroxide or oxide) or in a hydrolyzed form. Ti(IV) coordination by N,N'-di(o-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED) at different pH values models the two forms of Ti(IV)-loaded transferrin spectrally and structurally. 13C NMR and stopped-flow kinetic experiments reveal that when the metal is delivered to the protein using an unhydrolyzed source, Ti(IV) can coordinate in the typical distorted octahedral environment with a bound synergistic anion. The crystal structure of TiHBED obtained at low pH models this type of coordination. The solution structure of the complex compares favorably with the solid state from pH 3.0 to 4.0, and the complex can be reduced with E1/2 = -641 mV vs NHE. Kinetic and thermodynamic competition studies at pH 3.0 reveal that Ti(citrate)3 reacts with HBED via a dissociative mechanism and that the stability of TiHBED (log beta = 34.024) is weaker than that of the Fe(III) complex. pH stability studies show that Ti(IV) hydrolyzes ligand waters at higher pH but still remains bound to HBED until pH 9.5. Similarly, at a pH greater than 8.0 the synergistic anion that binds Ti(IV) in transferrin is readily displaced by irreversible metal hydrolysis although the metal remains bound to the protein until pH 9.5. Thermal denaturation studies conducted optically and by differential scanning calorimetry reveal that Ti(IV)-bound transferrin experiences only minimal enhanced thermal stability unlike when Fe(III) is bound. The C- and N-lobe transition Tm values shift to a few degrees higher. The stability, competition, and redox studies performed provide insight into the possible mechanism of Ti2-Tf transport in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur D Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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Zhao P, Incarvito CD, Hartwig JF. Directly Observed Transmetalation from Boron to Rhodium. β-Aryl Elimination from Rh(I) Arylboronates and Diarylborinates. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:1876-7. [PMID: 17256944 DOI: 10.1021/ja068587q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinjing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107 New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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DuPont JA, Coxey MB, Schebler PJ, Incarvito CD, Dougherty WG, Yap GPA, Rheingold AL, Riordan CG. High-Spin Organocobalt(II) Complexes in a Thioether Coordination Environment. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om0608253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. DuPont
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Michael B. Coxey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Peter J. Schebler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | | | - William G. Dougherty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Glenn P. A. Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
| | - Charles G. Riordan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
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Leung CH, Incarvito CD, Crabtree RH. Interplay of Linker, N-Substituent, and Counterion Effects in the Formation and Geometrical Distortion of N-Heterocyclic Biscarbene Complexes of Rhodium(I). Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om0607189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chin Hin Leung
- Department of Chemistry, 225 Prospect Street, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Christopher D. Incarvito
- Department of Chemistry, 225 Prospect Street, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
| | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, 225 Prospect Street, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107
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Manson JL, Incarvito CD, Arif AM, Rheingold AL, Millera JS. Novel 1-D Coordination Polymers Containing μ-[N(CN)2]- Bridging Ligands. Structure and Magnetic Properties of Mn[N(CN)2]2L (L = 2,2′-Bipyridine, 4,4′-Bipyridine). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587259908023355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Manson
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , 84112-0850 , USA
| | | | - Atta M. Arif
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , 84112-0850 , USA
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Delaware , Newark , DE , 19716 , USA
| | - Joel S. Millera
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , 84112-0850 , USA
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Anderton SM, Incarvito CD, Sherma J. Determination of Natural and Synthetic Colors in Alcoholic And Non Alcoholic Beverages by Quantitative HPTLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079708010639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Anderton
- a Department of Chemistry , Lafayette College , Easton, Pennsylvania, 18042
| | | | - Joseph Sherma
- a Department of Chemistry , Lafayette College , Easton, Pennsylvania, 18042
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Fujita KI, Yamashita M, Puschmann F, Alvarez-Falcon MM, Incarvito CD, Hartwig JF. Organometallic Chemistry of Amidate Complexes. Accelerating Effect of Bidentate Ligands on the Reductive Elimination ofN-Aryl Amidates from Palladium(II). J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:9044-5. [PMID: 16834372 DOI: 10.1021/ja062333n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a series of arylpalladium complexes of acetamidate, sulfonamidate, and deprotonated oxazolidinone ligands that undergo reductive elimination with rates and yields that depend on the binding mode of the ancillary and amidate ligands. Complexes of the acetamidate ligands containing the bidentate phosphines DPPF and Xantphos as ancillary ligands undergo reductive elimination. The rate and yield were higher from the complex ligated by Xantphos, which contains a larger bite angle. In contrast, the analogous amidate complex containing a single sterically hindered monodentate ligand and a kappa2-bound amidate ligand does not undergo reductive elimination. This trend of faster reductive elimination from complexes containing bidentate ancillary ligands than from a complex with a single monodentate ancillary ligand is unusual and is consistent with an effect of the denticity of the ancillary ligand on the binding mode of the amidate. Complexes of sulfonamidate ligands underwent reductive elimination faster than complexes of acetamidates, and reductive elimination occurred from complexes containing both bidentate and monodentate ancillary ligands. Like reductive elimination from the acetamidate complexes, reductive eliminations from the sulfonamidate complexes were faster when the complexes possessed bidentate Xantphos and kappa1-sulfonamidate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Fujita
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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Abstract
Although enzymes often incorporate molecular recognition elements to orient substrates selectively, such strategies are rarely achieved by synthetic catalysts. We combined molecular recognition through hydrogen bonding with C-H activation to obtain high-turnover catalytic regioselective functionalization of sp3 C-H bonds remote from the -COOH recognition group. The catalyst contains a Mn(mu-O)2Mn reactive center and a ligand based on Kemp's triacid that directs a -COOH group to anchor the carboxylic acid group of the substrate and thus modify the usual selectivity for oxidation. Control experiments supported the role of hydrogen bonding in orienting the substrate to achieve high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Das
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, Post Office Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
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Zhao P, Incarvito CD, Hartwig JF. Carbon−Oxygen Bond Formation between a Terminal Alkoxo Ligand and a Coordinated Olefin. Evidence for Olefin Insertion into a Rhodium Alkoxide. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:9642-3. [PMID: 16866513 DOI: 10.1021/ja063347w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Preparation and reactivity of a series of bis(phosphine) rhodium(I) alkoxides stabilized by intramolecular olefin coordination are reported. {Rh(PEt3)2[kappa1:eta2-OCRR'(CH2)nCH=CH2]} (n = 1, 2) were prepared via alcoholysis of {Rh(PEt3)2[N(SiMe3)2]} by the corresponding alcohols HOCRR'(CH2)nCH=CH2. The in situ generated {Rh(PEt3)2[kappa1:eta2-OCRR'(CH2)2CH=CH2]} were not stable at ambient temperatures and decomposed in the presence of added PEt3 to afford 2,2-disubstituted-5-methylenetetrahydrofurans and [(PEt3)4Rh-H] in good to high yields. Kinetic and deuterium labeling results support a syn-oxyrhodation pathway via direct olefin insertion into a Rh-O bond, followed by rapid beta-hydride elimination. In comparison, {Rh(PEt3)2[kappa1:eta2-OCRR'CH2CH=CH2]} are isolated as stable crystals, and the Rh-olefin interactions are evidenced by an X-ray structure. Heating of these complexes generated [Rh(PEt3)2(eta2-allyl)] and the corresponding ketones in high yields following an apparent beta-allyl elimination pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinjing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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Hoertz PG, Staniszewski A, Marton A, Higgins GT, Incarvito CD, Rheingold AL, Meyer GJ. Toward Exceeding the Shockley−Queisser Limit: Photoinduced Interfacial Charge Transfer Processes that Store Energy in Excess of the Equilibrated Excited State. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:8234-45. [PMID: 16787088 DOI: 10.1021/ja060470e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystalline (anatase), mesoporous TiO2 thin films were functionalized with [Ru(bpy)2(deebq)](PF6)2, [Ru(bq)2(deeb)](PF6)2, [Ru(deebq)2(bpy)](PF6)2, [Ru(bpy)(deebq)(NCS)2], or [Os(bpy)2(deebq)](PF6)2, where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine, bq is 2,2'-biquinoline, and deeb and deebq are 4,4'-diethylester derivatives. These compounds bind to the nanocrystalline TiO2 films in their carboxylate forms with limiting surface coverages of 8 (+/- 2) x 10(-8) mol/cm2. Electrochemical measurements show that the first reduction of these compounds (-0.70 V vs SCE) occurs prior to TiO2 reduction. Steady state illumination in the presence of the sacrificial electron donor triethylamine leads to the appearance of the reduced sensitizer. The thermally equilibrated metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited state and the reduced form of these compounds do not inject electrons into TiO2. Nanosecond transient absorption measurements demonstrate the formation of an extremely long-lived charge separated state based on equal concentrations of the reduced and oxidized compounds. The results are consistent with a mechanism of ultrafast excited-state injection into TiO2 followed by interfacial electron transfer to a ground-state compound. The quantum yield for this process was found to increase with excitation energy, a behavior attributed to stronger overlap between the excited sensitizer and the semiconductor acceptor states. For example, the quantum yields for [Os(bpy)2(dcbq)]/TiO2 were phi(417 nm) = 0.18 +/- 0.02, phi(532.5 nm) = 0.08 +/- 0.02, and phi(683 nm) = 0.05 +/- 0.01. Electron transfer to yield ground-state products occurs by lateral intermolecular charge transfer. The driving force for charge recombination was in excess of that stored in the photoluminescent excited state. Chronoabsorption measurements indicate that ligand-based intermolecular electron transfer was an order of magnitude faster than metal-centered intermolecular hole transfer. Charge recombination was quantified with the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Hoertz
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Voo JK, Incarvito CD, Yap GP, Rheingold AL, Riordan CG. Corrigendum to “Tris(imidazolyl) cadmium and zinc complexes: structural and spectroscopic characterization of M–OH2 motifs” [Polyhedron 23 (2004) 405–412]. Polyhedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2006.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
beta-Aryl eliminations from a series of rhodium(I) alkoxides to form rhodium aryl complexes and free ketones are reported. Tertiary phenylmethoxide complexes [Rh(PEt3)n(OCPhRR')] (n = 2, 3) were prepared via alcoholysis of {Rh(PEt3)2[N(SiMe3)2} by the corresponding alcohols HOCPhRR' in the presence and absence of added PEt3. Heating of these complexes in the presence of added PEt3 generated the rhodium phenyl complex, (PEt3)3RhPh, and the corresponding ketones in good to high yields. Kinetic results are most consistent with irreversible beta-phenyl elimination from a bisphosphine-ligated rhodium alkoxide complex. Such bisphosphine complexes result from ligand dissociation from the trisphosphine complexes and have been isolated in some cases. The bisphosphine complexes are stabilized by Rh-Cphenyl interactions, as evidenced by an X-ray structure, and this structure with a metal-aryl interaction likely illustrates the pathway for C-C bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinjing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, PO Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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Wiles JA, Hashimoto A, Thanassi JA, Cheng J, Incarvito CD, Deshpande M, Pucci MJ, Bradbury BJ. Isothiazolopyridones: synthesis, structure, and biological activity of a new class of antibacterial agents. J Med Chem 2006; 49:39-42. [PMID: 16392790 DOI: 10.1021/jm051066d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report the syntheses of first-generation derivatives of isothiazolopyridones and their in vitro evaluation as antibacterial agents. These compounds, containing a novel heterocyclic nucleus composed of an isothiazolone fused to a quinolizin-4-one (at C-2 and C-3 of the quinolizin-4-one), were prepared using a sequence of seven synthetic transformations. The solid-state structure of 7-chloro-9-ethyl-1-thia-2,4a-diazacyclopenta[b]naphthalene-3,4-dione was determined by X-ray diffraction. The prepared derivatives of desfluoroisothiazolopyridones exhibited (a) antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, (b) inhibitory activities against DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, and (c) no inhibitory activity against human topoisomerase II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Wiles
- Achillion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 300 George Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-6653, USA.
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Abstract
The aqueous chemistry of Ti(III) and Ti(IV) in two different chemical environments is investigated given its relevance to environmental, materials, and biological chemistry. Complexes of titanium with the carboxylate ligands citrate and oxalate, found ubiquitously in Nature, were synthesized. The redox properties were studied by using cyclic voltammetry. All the titanium citrate redox couples are quasi-reversible. Electrospray mass spectrometry of the Ti(III) citrate solution shows the presence of a 1:2 Ti/cit complex in solution, in contrast to the predominant 1:3 Ti/cit complex with Ti(IV). The change in the coordination of the ligand to the metal on reduction may explain the quasi-reversible behavior of the electrochemistry. The redox potentials for Ti(IV) citrate in water vary with pH. At pH 7, the approximate E(1/2) is less than -800 mV. This stated change in redox properties is considered in light of the previously reported Ti(IV) citrate solution speciation. Analogous speciation behavior is suggested from the EPR spectroscopy of Ti(III) citrate aqueous solutions. The g tensors are deduced for several pH-dependent species from the simulated data. The X-ray crystal structure of a Ti(III)(2) oxalate dimer Ti(2)(mu-C(2)O(4))(C(2)O(4))(2)(H(2)O)(6).2H(2)O (3), which crystallizes from water below pH 2, is reported. Complex 3 crystallizes in a monoclinic P2(1)/c space group with a = 9.5088(19) Angstroms, b = 6.2382(12) Angstroms, c = 13.494(3) Angstroms, V = 797.8(3) Angstroms(3), and Z = 2. The infrared spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry on complex 3 are reported. The cyclic voltammetry shows an irreversible redox couple approximately -196 mV which likely corresponds to the Ti(IV)(2)/Ti(III)Ti(IV) couple. The EPR spectroscopy on solid complex 3 shows a typical S = 1 triplet-state spectrum. The solid follows non-Curie behavior, and the antiferromagnetic coupling between the two metal centers is determined to be -37.2 cm(-1). However, in solution the complex follows Curie behavior and supports a Ti(III)Ti(IV) oxidation state for the dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Uppal
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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Johns AM, Utsunomiya M, Incarvito CD, Hartwig JF. A Highly Active Palladium Catalyst for Intermolecular Hydroamination. Factors that Control Reactivity and Additions of Functionalized Anilines to Dienes and Vinylarenes. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:1828-39. [PMID: 16464081 DOI: 10.1021/ja056003z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a catalyst for intermolecular hydroamination of vinylarenes that is substantially more active for this process than catalysts published previously. With this more reactive catalyst, we demonstrate that additions of amines to vinylarenes and dienes occur in the presence of potentially reactive functional groups, such as ketones with enolizable hydrogens, free alcohols, free carboxylic acids, free amides, nitriles, and esters. The catalyst for these reactions is generated from [Pd(eta(3)-allyl)Cl](2) (with or without added AgOTf) or [Pd(CH(3)CN)(4)](BF(4))(2) and Xantphos (9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)xanthene), which generates complexes with large P-Pd-P bite angles. Studies on the rate of the C-N bond-forming step that occurs by attack of amine on an eta(3)-phenethyl and an eta(3)-allyl complex were conducted to determine the effect of the bite angle on the rate of this nucleophilic attack. Studies on model eta(3)-benzyl complexes containing various bisphosphines showed that the nucleophilic attack was faster for complexes containing larger P-Pd-P bite angles. Studies of substituted unsymmetrical and unsubstituted symmetrical model eta(3)-allyl complexes showed that nucleophilic attack on complexes ligated by Xantphos was faster than on complexes bearing ligands with smaller bite angles and that nucleophilic attack on unsymmetrical allyl complexes with larger bite angle ligands was faster than on unsymmetrical allyl complexes with smaller bite angle ligands. However, monitoring of catalytic reactions of dienes by (31)P NMR spectroscopy showed that the concentration of active catalyst was the major factor that controlled rates for reactions of symmetrical dienes catalyzed by complexes of phosphines with smaller bite angles. The identity of the counterion also affected the rate of attack: reactions of allylpalladium complexes with chloride counterion occurred faster than reactions of allylpalladium complexes with triflate or tetrafluoroborate counterion. As is often observed, the dynamics of the allyl and benzyl complexes also depended on the identity of the counterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Johns
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
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