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Ferrocenylmethylphosphanes and the Alpha Process for Methoxycarbonylation: The Original Story. INORGANICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics9070057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lucite Alpha process is the predominant technology for the preparation of acrylics. This two-stage process involves the palladium-catalysed formation of methyl propanoate from ethene, CO, and methanol, followed by the oxidative formylation of methyl propanoate into methyl methacrylate. A range of bis-1,2-disubstituted aminomethylferrocenes has been prepared and characterised. These complexes serve as precursors to a variety of bulky ferrocenylmethyldiphosphanes that, in turn, function as ligands in the palladium-catalysed process. We describe the crystal structures of five ligand precursors and provide a rationale for their design. In situ catalyst testing on palladium complexes derived from ferrocenylphosphanes demonstrates that these are highly selective (>99.5%) catalysts for the formation of methyl propanoate from ethene, CO, and methanol and have turnover numbers exceeding 50,000. This article credits those researchers who worked on this project in the early days, who received little or no credit for their achievements and endeavours.
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Hendricks ME, Xu X, Boller TR, Samples EM, Johnson AR, Nataro C. Synthesis, characterization and electrochemistry of [Pd(PP)MeCl] compounds with 1,1′-bis(phosphino)ferrocene ligands. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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3
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Zong Y, Li Q, Mu H, Jian Z. Palladium Promoted Copolymerization of Carbon Monoxide with Polar or Non-polar Olefinic Monomers. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201102221113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The copolymers of carbon monoxide (CO) and olefins, namely polyketones, are a
family of widely used materials. In the catalytic preparation of these materials, palladium(II)
catalysts represent the most successful catalytic systems. The production of both alternating
and non-alternating polyketones has been achieved, with a great difference in their physical
properties. Herein, a variety of palladium(II) catalysts, employed for the copolymerization of
CO with various olefinic monomers, such as ethylene, α -olefins, styrene and polar vinyl
monomers, are fully summarized. The influence of important factors, such as solvents and
counterions on specific copolymerization, is also discussed. This review aims to enlighten the
design of new Pd catalysts with improved properties, as well as the development of new
polyketone materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Qiankun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hongliang Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhongbao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun 130022, China
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4
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Introducing efficient palladium catalyzed cross coupling reaction of tertiary alcohols and aroyl chlorides for the synthesis of highly substituted esters. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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5
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1,1′-Bis(dipyrrolylphosphino)ferrocene: Synthesis, coordination chemistry and structural studies. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Kumar K, Darkwa J. Effect of chalcogens on CO insertion into the palladium-methyl bond of [(N^N^X)Pd(CH3)](+) (X = O, S, Se) and on CO/ethylene copolymerisation. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:20714-27. [PMID: 26568064 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03929k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutral chloromethylpalladium(II) complexes, [Pd(Cl)(CH3)(L)] (1a-5a) with ligands κ(2)-N^S-2-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)-6-(phenylthiomethyl)pyridine (L1), κ(2)-N^S-2-((3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)-6-(phenylthiomethyl)pyridine (L2), κ(2)-N^Se-2-((3,5-di-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)-6-(phenylselanylmethyl)pyridine (L3), κ(2)-N^Se-2-((3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)-6-(phenylselanylmethyl)pyridine (L4), and κ(2)-N^N-2-((3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl)-6-(phenoxymethyl)pyridine (L5) have been synthesised and characterised by various spectroscopic techniques. Ligands L1-L4 exhibit Npy^S/Se bidentate coordination whereas L5 shows an Npy^Npz bidentate coordination mode in their corresponding neutral palladium complexes. Abstraction of chloride in neutral palladium complexes with NaBAr4 (BAr4 = tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]borate) resulted in the formation of the cationic palladium complexes 1b-5b, in which L1-L4 adopt a tridentate Npz^Npy^X (X = S or Se) coordination mode in their respective cationic palladium complexes (1b-4b) whilst L5 in complex 5b adopts a Npy^Npz bidentate coordination mode and the palladium centre is stabilized by the weakly coordinating acetonitrile. Compounds 1b-5b readily undergo CO insertion into the Pd-CH3 bond to form Pd-acyl that determines their ability to catalyse CO/ethylene copolymerisation to polyketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa.
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7
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Microwave irradiated Pd-catalyzed C(sp)–H activation and cross-coupling with styryltrifluoroborates. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Amadio E, Freixa Z, van Leeuwen PWNM, Toniolo L. Palladium catalyzed oxidative carbonylation of alcohols: effects of diphosphine ligands. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy01588f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The best catalytic performance was exhibited by a Lewis base P∩P ligand with a relatively wide bite angle capable of maintaining a cis geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Amadio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems
- Ca' Foscari University
- Venice
- Italy
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
| | - Zoraida Freixa
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)
- Tarragona
- Spain
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of the Basque Country (UPV–EHU)
| | | | - Luigi Toniolo
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems
- Ca' Foscari University
- Venice
- Italy
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Trivedi M, Singh G, Kumar A, Rath NP. 1,1′-Bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene copper(i) complex catalyzed C–H activation and carboxylation of terminal alkynes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:20874-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03794h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of CuX (X = Br, I) and 1,1′-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino) ferrocene (dtbpf) in 1 : 1, 2 : 1 and 6 : 1 molar ratio in DCM–MeOH (50 : 50 V/V) afforded copper(i) complexes. These complexes were shown to be efficient catalysts in comparison with CuI for the conversion of terminal alkynes into propiolic acids with CO2 at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Trivedi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi 110007
- India
| | - Gurmeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi 110007
- India
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Lucknow
- Lucknow 226007
- India
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Centre for Nanoscience
- University of Missouri-St. Louis
- One University Boulevard
- St. Louis
- USA
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Trivedi M, Ujjain SK, Singh G, Kumar A, Dubey SK, Rath NP. Syntheses, characterization, and electrochemistry of compounds containing 1-diphenylphosphino-1′-(di-tert-butylphosphino)ferrocene (dppdtbpf). J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Carbonylation of ethene catalysed by Pd(II)-phosphine complexes. Molecules 2014; 19:15116-61. [PMID: 25247684 PMCID: PMC6271251 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190915116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This review deals with olefin carbonylation catalysed by Pd(II)-phosphine complexes in protic solvents. In particular, the results obtained in the carbonylation with ethene are reviewed. After a short description of the basic concepts relevant to this catalysis, the review treats in greater details the influence of the bite angle, skeletal rigidity, electronic and steric bulk properties of the ligand on the formation of the products, which range from high molecular weight perfectly alternating polyketones to methyl propanoate. It is shown that the steric bulk plays a major role in directing the selectivity. Particular emphasis is given to the factors governing the very active and selective catalysis to methyl propanoate, including the mechanism of the catalytic cycles with diphosphine- and monophosphine-catalysts. A brief note on the synthesis of methyl propanoate using a “Lucite” type catalyst in ionic liquids is also illustrated. A chapter is dedicated to the carbonylation of olefins in aqueous reaction media. The nonalternating CO-ethene copolymerization is also treated.
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12
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Kinetics and Mechanisms of Homogeneous Catalytic Reactions. Part 12. Hydroalcoxycarbonylation of 1-Hexene Using Palladium/Triphenylphosphine Systems as Catalyst Precursors. Catal Letters 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-014-1335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Green AG, Kiesz MD, Oria JV, Elliott AG, Buechler AK, Hohenberger J, Meyer K, Zink JI, Diaconescu PL. Characterization of an Iron–Ruthenium Interaction in a Ferrocene Diamide Complex. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:5603-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ic400773s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron G. Green
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Matthew D. Kiesz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jeremy V. Oria
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Andrew G. Elliott
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Andrew K. Buechler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Johannes Hohenberger
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jeffrey I. Zink
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Brulé E, Guo J, Coates GW, Thomas CM. Metal-catalyzed synthesis of alternating copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2010; 32:169-85. [PMID: 21433137 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The creation of polymers with a high degree of sequence and/or stereocontrol represents an exciting frontier in materials science. In order to obtain alternating polymers, coordination polymerization using well-defined metal complexes has played a leading role in the last two decades. In the following paper, we will describe selected published efforts to achieve these research goals using discrete, structurally well-characterized metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Brulé
- Chimie ParisTech, UMR CNRS 7223, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris, France
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15
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de la Fuente V, Waugh M, Eastham G, Iggo J, Castillón S, Claver C. Phosphine Ligands in the Palladium-Catalysed Methoxycarbonylation of Ethene: Insights into the Catalytic Cycle through an HP NMR Spectroscopic Study. Chemistry 2010; 16:6919-32. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Clavier H, Nolan SP. Percent buried volume for phosphine and N-heterocyclic carbene ligands: steric properties in organometallic chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:841-61. [DOI: 10.1039/b922984a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 760] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Bettucci L, Bianchini C, Oberhauser W, Vogt M, Grützmacher H. Chemoselective methoxycarbonylation of terminal alkynes catalyzed by Pd(ii)-TROPP complexes. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:6509-17. [PMID: 20532337 DOI: 10.1039/c002976a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bettucci
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Area di Ricerca CNR di Firenze, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Hsiao TH, Wu TL, Chatterjee S, Chiu CY, Lee HM, Bettucci L, Bianchini C, Oberhauser W. Palladium acetate complexes bearing chelating N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands: Synthesis and catalytic oxidative homocoupling of terminal alkynes. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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20
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Fessler M, Czermak G, Eller S, Trettenbrein B, Brüggeller P, Bettucci L, Bianchini C, Meli A, Ienco A, Oberhauser W. A novel linkage-isomeric pair of dinuclear Pd(ii) complexes bearing a bis-bidentate tetraphos ligand. Dalton Trans 2009:1859-69. [DOI: 10.1039/b815392b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Sadhukhan N, Bera JK. Mixed-Metal Assemblies Involving Ferrocene−Naphthyridine Hybrids. Inorg Chem 2008; 48:978-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ic801586d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, India
| | - Jitendra K. Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, India
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Grasa GA, Colacot TJ. A Highly Practical and General Route for α-Arylations of Ketones Using Bis-phosphinoferrocene-Based Palladium Catalysts. Org Process Res Dev 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/op7002503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A. Grasa
- Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technolgies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, U.S.A
| | - Thomas J. Colacot
- Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technolgies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, U.S.A
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Muñoz-Moreno BK, Claver C, Ruiz A, Bianchini C, Meli A, Oberhauser W. Synthesis of palladium(ii) complexes containing a new α-d-xylofuranose-modified diphosphine and their application as catalyst precursors in the co- and terpolymerization of CO–ethene and propene. Dalton Trans 2008:2741-50. [DOI: 10.1039/b719748a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Grasa GA, Colacot TJ. α-Arylation of Ketones Using Highly Active, Air-Stable (DtBPF)PdX2 (X = Cl, Br) Catalysts. Org Lett 2007; 9:5489-92. [PMID: 18031054 DOI: 10.1021/ol702430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A. Grasa
- Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066
| | - Thomas J. Colacot
- Johnson Matthey Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066
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25
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Performances of symmetrical achiral ferrocenylphosphine ligands in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions: A review of syntheses, catalytic applications and structural properties. Coord Chem Rev 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2007.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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García Suárez EJ, Godard C, Ruiz A, Claver C. Alternating and Non‐Alternating Pd‐Catalysed Co‐ and Terpolymerisation of Carbon Monoxide and Alkenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200700024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J. García Suárez
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, Marcel.li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cyril Godard
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, Marcel.li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aurora Ruiz
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, Marcel.li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carmen Claver
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, Marcel.li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Hagopian LE, Campbell AN, Golen JA, Rheingold AL, Nataro C. Synthesis and electrochemistry of late transition metal complexes containing 1,1′-bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ferrocene (dcpf). The X-ray structure of [PdCl2(dcpf)] and Buchwald–Hartwig catalysis using [PdCl2(bisphosphinometallocene)] precursors. J Organomet Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2006.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Peganova TA, Vologdin NV, Petrovskii PV, Nesterov ID, Lyssenko KA, Gusev OV. Synthesis and structures of 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)metallocenyl complexes M(η 5-C5H4PPh2)2Ru(H2O)2(OTs)2 (M = Fe, Ru, or Os). Russ Chem Bull 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-006-0313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Bianchini C, Brüggeller P, Claver C, Czermak G, Dumfort A, Meli A, Oberhauser W, Garcia Suarez EJ. Synthesis and characterization of palladium(ii) complexes with new diphosphonium-diphosphine and diphosphine ligands. Production of low molecular weight alternating polyketones via catalytic CO/ethene copolymerisation. Dalton Trans 2006:2964-73. [PMID: 16770455 DOI: 10.1039/b601154c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The bis-cationic diphosphonium-diphosphine 6,7-di(di-2-methoxyphenyl)phosphinyl-2,2,4,4-tetra(di-2-methoxyphenyl)-2 lambda 4,4 lambda 4-diphosphoniumbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-bis(PF6) ((o-MeO-PCP)(PF6)2) and the diphosphine rac-2,4-bis((di-2-methoxyphenyl)phosphino)pentane (rac-o-MeO-bdpp) have been synthesized. Both ligands have been employed to coordinate PdCl2 and Pd(OAc)2 to give [PdCl2(o-MeO-PCP)](PF6)2 (1a), PdCl2(rac-o-MeO-bdpp) (1b), [Pd(OAc)2(o-MeO-PCP)](PF6)2 (2a) and Pd(OAc)2(rac-o-MeO-bdpp) (2b). The ligands and complexes have been fully characterized in solution by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. In addition, 1a and 1b have been authenticated by single crystal X-ray structure analyses. The Pd(II) complexes 1a and 1b have been employed as catalyst precursors for the CO/ethene copolymerisation in water-acetic acid mixtures, while 2a and 2b have been tested in methanol in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid. Irrespective of the reaction media, perfectly alternating polyketones were obtained in excellent yields and with number-average molecular weights ranging from 7.1-13.9 kg mol(-1) with the diphosphonium-diphosphine catalysts and from 37.2-48.2 kg mol(-1) with the diphosphine catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Bianchini
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR), Area di Ricerca CNR di Firenze, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Synthesis, characterization and X-ray structure of [Pd(SO4)(dppp)]·H2O, a catalyst for the CO-ethene copolymerization [dppp=1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane]. Inorganica Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2005.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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