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Meshgi MA, Pöcheim A, Baumgartner J, Jouikov VV, Marschner C. Oligosilanylated Silocanes. Molecules 2021; 26:E244. [PMID: 33466467 PMCID: PMC7796475 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of mono- and dioligosilanylated silocanes were prepared. Compounds included silocanes with 1-methyl-1-tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl, 1,1-bis[tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl], and 1,1-bis[tris(trimethylsilyl)germyl] substitution pattern as well as two examples where the silocane silicon atom is part of a cyclosilane or oxacyclosilane ring. The mono-tris(trimethylsilyl)silylated compound could be converted to the respective silocanylbis(trimethylsilyl)silanides by reaction with KOtBu and in similar reactions the cyclosilanes were transformed to oligosilane-1,3-diides. However, the reaction of the 1,1-bis[tris(trimethylsilyl)silylated] silocane with two equivalents of KOtBu leads to the replacement of one tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl unit with a tert-butoxy substituent followed by silanide formation via KOtBu attack at one of the SiMe3 units of remaining tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl group. For none of the silylated silocanes, signs of hypercoordinative interaction between the nitrogen and silicon silocane atoms were detected either in the solid state. by single crystal XRD analysis, nor in solution by 29Si-NMR spectroscopy. This was further confirmed by cyclic voltammetry and a DFT study, which demonstrated that the N-Si distance in silocanes is not only dependent on the energy of a potential N-Si interaction, but also on steric factors and through-space interactions of the neighboring groups at Si and N, imposing the orientation of the pz(N) orbital relative to the N-Si-X axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aghazadeh Meshgi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria; (M.A.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Alexander Pöcheim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria; (M.A.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria; (M.A.M.); (A.P.)
| | | | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria; (M.A.M.); (A.P.)
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Ferguson JT, Jiang Q, Marro EA, Siegler MA, Klausen RS. Long-range coupling in cyclic silanes. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14951-14961. [PMID: 33079122 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03163a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a mixed methyl- and hydro-substituted cyclosilane (1) possessing cis/trans stereoisomerism. Each diastereomer of 1 possesses distinct symmetry elements (cis-1: Cs-symmetric; trans-1: C2-symmetric). Cyclosilane 1 is a model system to probe configuration- and conformation-dependent long-range proton-proton coupling. Extensive NMR spectroscopic characterization is reported, including one-dimensional 1H NMR and 29Si DEPT and INEPT+ spectra and two-dimensional 1H-29Si and 1H-1H correlated spectroscopy (HSQC, HMBC, COSY). On the basis of these experiments, molecular connectivity consistent with four-bond 1H-1H coupling is confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Ferguson
- Deprtment of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Zaitsev KV, Lam K, Poleshchuk OK, Kuz'mina LG, Churakov AV. Oligothienyl catenated germanes and silanes: synthesis, structure, and properties. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:5431-5444. [PMID: 29594275 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00256h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of two new groups of oligothienyl catenated silanes and germanes, Me5M2Thn (1a-b), Me5M2ThnM2Me5 (2a-c) (terminal), and ThnM2Me4Thn (3a-d) (internal) (M = Si, Ge; n = 2, 3; Th = 2- or 2,5-thienyl), is reported. The study of their structural parameters as well as of their spectral (NMR), electrochemical (CV) and optical (UV/vis absorbance, luminescence) properties has been performed in detail; in addition, the unexpected compound [Th2Si2Me4Th]2 (3a') is also studied. Theoretical investigations have been performed for model compounds in order to establish structure-property relationships. The molecular structures of 2a (Me5Si2Th2Si2Me5), 2b (Me5Ge2Th2Ge2Me5), 3a (Th2Si2Me4Th2) and 3b (Th2Ge2Me4Th2) have been investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. An effective conjugation with flattening of both Th planes in terminal 2a and 2b was observed. The main trends in the dependence of the optical and electrochemical properties on the structural parameters have been established. All of the compounds studied exhibit a strong emission within the 378-563 nm range, and the maximal quantum yield (up to 77%) is observed for the Si derivative 3a'. For the majority of the compounds, the quantum yields (20-30%) are significantly larger than for 2,2'-bi- and 2,2':5',5''-terthiophenes. Due to their good emission properties, these compounds could be used to develop new materials with specific spectral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, 3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Stella F, Marschner C, Baumgartner J. Incorporating Methyl and Phenyl Substituted Stannylene Units into Oligosilanes. The Influence on Optical Absorption Properties. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122212. [PMID: 29231894 PMCID: PMC6149905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecules containing catenated heavy group 14 atoms are known to exhibit the interesting property of σ-bond electron delocalization. While this is well studied for oligo- and polysilanes the current paper addresses the UV-absorption properties of small tin containing oligosilanes in order to evaluate the effects of Sn–Si and Sn–Sn bonds as well as the results of substituent exchange from methyl to phenyl groups. The new stannasilanes were compared to previously investigated oligosilanes of equal chain lengths and substituent pattern. Replacing the central SiMe2 group in a pentasilane by a SnMe2 unit caused a bathochromic shift of the low-energy band (λmax = 260 nm) of 14 nm in the UV spectrum. If, instead of a SnMe2, a SnPh2 unit is incorporated, the bathochromic shift of 33 nm is substantially larger. Keeping the SnMe2 unit and replacing the two central silicon with tin atoms causes shift of the respective band (λ = 286 nm) some 26 nm to the red. A similar approach for hexasilanes where the model oligosilane [(Me3Si)3Si]2(SiMe2)2 (λmax = 253 nm) was modified in a way that the central tetramethyldisilanylene unit was exchanged for a tetraphenyldistannanylene caused a 50 nm bathochromic shift to a low-energy band with λmax = 303 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Stella
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institute for Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Hlina J, Stella F, Aghazadeh Meshgi M, Marschner C, Baumgartner J. σ-Bond Electron Delocalization in Oligosilanes as Function of Substitution Pattern, Chain Length, and Spatial Orientation. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081079. [PMID: 27548126 PMCID: PMC6273834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysilanes are known to exhibit the interesting property of σ-bond electron delocalization. By employing optical spectroscopy (UV-vis), it is possible to judge the degree of delocalization and also differentiate parts of the molecules which are conjugated or not. The current study compares oligosilanes of similar chain length but different substitution pattern. The size of the substituents determines the spatial orientation of the main chain and also controls the conformational flexibility. The chemical nature of the substituents affects the orbital energies of the molecules and thus the positions of the absorption bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Hlina
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Filippo Stella
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Mohammad Aghazadeh Meshgi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institut für Chemie, Karl Franzens Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Hlina J, Zitz R, Wagner H, Stella F, Baumgartner J, Marschner C. σ-Bond electron delocalization of branched oligogermanes and germanium containing oligosilanes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014; 422:120-133. [PMID: 25431502 PMCID: PMC4236089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Oligogermanes and germaoligosilanes isostructural to oligosilanes were synthesized. UV absorption data and X-ray diffraction revealed only marginal differences. Conformational flexibility is directly reflected in the UV absorption spectrum.
In order to evaluate the influence of germanium atoms in oligo- and polysilanes, a number of oligosilane compounds were prepared where two or more silicon atoms were replaced by germanium. While it can be expected that the structural features of thus altered molecules do not change much, the more interesting question is, whether this modification would have a profound influence on the electronic structure, in particular on the property of σ-bond electron delocalization. The UV-spectroscopic comparison of the oligosilanes with germanium enriched oligosilanes and also with oligogermanes showed a remarkable uniform picture. The expected bathochromic shift for oligogermanes and Ge-enriched oligosilanes was observed but its extent was very small. For the low energy absorption band the bathochromic shift from a hexasilane chain (256 nm) to a hexagermane chain with identical substituent patterns (259 nm) amounts to a mere 3 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Hlina
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rainer Zitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Filippo Stella
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Zhang GL, Pei L, Yu J, Shang Y, Zhang H, Liu B. Transport properties of nanowires with alternating organosilanylene and oligoethenylene units. Theor Chem Acc 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-013-1386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Feigl A, Chiorescu I, Deller K, Heidsieck SUH, Buchner MR, Karttunen V, Bockholt A, Genest A, Rösch N, Rieger B. Metal-Free Polymerization of Phenylsilane: Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane-Catalyzed Synthesis of Branched Polysilanes at Elevated Temperatures. Chemistry 2013; 19:12526-36. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Wallner A, Hlina J, Wagner H, Baumgartner J, Marschner C. Conformational Control of Polysilanes: Use of CH(2) Spacers in the Silicon Backbone. Organometallics 2011; 30:3930-3938. [PMID: 21818170 PMCID: PMC3148124 DOI: 10.1021/om1011159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
By the reaction of a number of oligosilyl potassium compounds with (trimethylsilyl)chloromethane, derivatives containing the (trimethylsilyl)methyl substituent were prepared. Using X-ray single-crystal structure analysis and UV spectroscopy the conformational properties of some of the compounds were studied. It was found that the (trimethylsilyl)methylated examples exhibit UV absorption properties which correspond to lower energy transitions in comparison to those of analogous trimethylsilylated molecules. The influence of this effect decreases, however, with increasing chain lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wallner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johann Hlina
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Yang L, Shang Y, Zhang H, Sun M, Liu B, Zhang G. Charge doping effect on σ-π conjugated copolymers. Sci China Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-011-4252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- George R. Newkome
- Departments of Polymer Science and Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-4717, and Department of Chemistry, Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio 44234
| | - Carol Shreiner
- Departments of Polymer Science and Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-4717, and Department of Chemistry, Hiram College, Hiram, Ohio 44234
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Hlina
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Wallner A, Hlina J, Konopa T, Wagner H, Baumgartner J, Marschner C, Flörke U. Cyclic and Bicyclic Methylpolysilanes and Some Oligosilanylene-Bridged Derivatives. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om901104h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wallner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johann Hlina
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tina Konopa
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Flörke
- Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Strasse 100 D-33098 Paderborn, Germany
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Hauber SO, Niemeyer M. Aryldimethylsilyl Modified Hypersilanes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200800291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wallner A, Wagner H, Baumgartner J, Marschner C, Rohm HW, Köckerling M, Krempner C. Structure, Conformation, and UV Absorption Behavior of Partially Trimethylsilylated Oligosilane Chains. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om8004383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wallner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, University of Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Harald Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, University of Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, University of Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, University of Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Henning W. Rohm
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, University of Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Köckerling
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, University of Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Clemens Krempner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria, and Department of Chemistry, University of Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str. 3a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
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Marschner C, Baumgartner J, Wallner A. Structurally and conformationally defined small methyl polysilanes. Dalton Trans 2006:5667-74. [PMID: 17146531 DOI: 10.1039/b613642g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Possessing the property of sigma-bond electron delocalisation, polysilanes are a class of compounds with unique properties. In recent years major progress has been achieved in the theoretical understanding and the synthesis of polysilanes. Much insight into the connection between conformation and electronic properties has been gained from studies of defined small polysilane molecules. The transition from Wurtz type coupling reactions to the stepwise construction of polysilane molecules employing silyl anions as key intermediates has permitted access to defined compounds with a higher degree of structural complexity. Besides this, several methods have been developed to control the conformational properties and thus gain control over the electronic properties of polysilanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010, Graz, Austria.
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