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Abstract
The number of rare earth (RE) starting materials used in synthesis is staggering, ranging from simple binary metal-halide salts to borohydrides and "designer reagents" such as alkyl and organoaluminate complexes. This review collates the most important starting materials used in RE synthetic chemistry, including essential information on their preparations and uses in modern synthetic methodologies. The review is divided by starting material category and supporting ligands (i.e., metals as synthetic precursors, halides, borohydrides, nitrogen donors, oxygen donors, triflates, and organometallic reagents), and in each section relevant synthetic methodologies and applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ortu
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, U.K.
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2
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Koby RF, Doerr AM, Rightmire NR, Schley ND, Brennessel WW, Long BK, Hanusa TP. Mechanochemical Formation, Solution Rearrangements, and Catalytic Behavior of a Polymorphic Ca/K Allyl Complex. Chemistry 2021; 27:8195-8202. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross F. Koby
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Alicia M. Doerr
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996–1600 USA
| | | | - Nathan D. Schley
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - William W. Brennessel
- X-ray Crystallographic Facility, Department of Chemistry University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA
| | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996–1600 USA
| | - Timothy P. Hanusa
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
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3
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Xu C, Ye Z, Xiang L, Yang S, Peng Q, Leng X, Chen Y. Insertion of Metal‐Substituted Silylene into Naphthalene's Aromatic Ring and Subsequent Rearrangement for Silaspiro‐Benzocycloheptenyl and Cyclobutenosilaindan Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Zhen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Qian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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4
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Xu C, Ye Z, Xiang L, Yang S, Peng Q, Leng X, Chen Y. Insertion of Metal-Substituted Silylene into Naphthalene's Aromatic Ring and Subsequent Rearrangement for Silaspiro-Benzocycloheptenyl and Cyclobutenosilaindan Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:3189-3195. [PMID: 33108013 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of silacycle compounds are of fundamental and application importance. Herein we report the first example of insertion of metal-substituted silylene fragment into naphthalene's aromatic ring. More significantly, this insertion is followed by interesting rearrangements to yield silaspiro-benzocycloheptenyl and cyclobutenosilaindan derivatives. The formation of cyclobutenosilaindan derivative includes the C-C bond cleavage and 4π electrocyclization steps; the formation of silaspiro-benzocycloheptenyl derivative is more complicated, including the C-C bond cleavage, reversible 4π electrocyclization, C-H bond activation and C-Si bond cleavage. DFT investigations were carried out to shed light on the mechanistic aspects of these two rearrangements. The formed cyclobutenosilaindan potassium can readily react with PhOH, MeOTf, EtOTf, PhCH2 Cl or PhCOCl at room temperature to afford the hydrogen, alkyl, benzyl or benzoyl substituted cyclobutenosilaindans in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shuhan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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5
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Koby RF, Doerr AM, Rightmire NR, Schley ND, Long BK, Hanusa TP. An η
3
‐Bound Allyl Ligand on Magnesium in a Mechanochemically Generated Mg/K Allyl Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9542-9548. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross F. Koby
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Alicia M. Doerr
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996-1600 USA
| | | | - Nathan D. Schley
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996-1600 USA
| | - Timothy P. Hanusa
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
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6
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Koby RF, Doerr AM, Rightmire NR, Schley ND, Long BK, Hanusa TP. An η
3
‐Bound Allyl Ligand on Magnesium in a Mechanochemically Generated Mg/K Allyl Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ross F. Koby
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Alicia M. Doerr
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996-1600 USA
| | | | - Nathan D. Schley
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996-1600 USA
| | - Timothy P. Hanusa
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
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7
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Koby RF, Rightmire NR, Schley ND, Hanusa TP, Brennessel WW. Halide metathesis in overdrive: mechanochemical synthesis of a heterometallic group 1 allyl complex. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1856-1863. [PMID: 31467607 PMCID: PMC6693392 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As a synthesis technique, halide metathesis (n RM + M'Xn → RnM' + n MX) normally relies for its effectiveness on the favorable formation of a metal halide byproduct (MX), often aided by solubility equilibria in solution. Owing to the lack of significant thermodynamic driving forces, intra-alkali metal exchange is one of the most challenging metathetical exchanges to attempt, especially when conducted without solvent. Nevertheless, grinding together the bulky potassium allyl [KA']∞ (A' = [1,3-(SiMe3)2C3H3]–) and CsI produces the heterometallic complex [CsKA'2]∞ in low yield, which was crystallographically characterized as a coordination polymer that displays site disorder of the K+ and Cs+ ions. The entropic benefits of mixed Cs/K metal centers, but more importantly, the generation of multiple intermolecular K…CH3 and Cs…CH3 interactions in [CsKA'2]∞, enable an otherwise unfavorable halide metathesis to proceed with mechanochemical assistance. From this result, we demonstrate that ball milling and unexpected solid-state effects can permit seemingly unfavored reactions to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross F Koby
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, PO Box 1822, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Nicholas R Rightmire
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, PO Box 1822, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Nathan D Schley
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, PO Box 1822, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Timothy P Hanusa
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, PO Box 1822, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - William W Brennessel
- X-ray Crystallographic Facility, B51 Hutchison Hall, Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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8
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Peters M, Bannenberg T, Bockfeld D, Tamm M. Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ruthenium “pogo stick” complexes with nitrogen donor ligands. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4228-4238. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00577c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and reactivity of an imidazolin-2-iminato ruthenium complex with a rare one-legged piano-stool (“pogo stick”) geometry is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Peters
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Dirk Bockfeld
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
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Kularatne RN, Yang A, Nguyen HQ, McCandless GT, Stefan MC. Neodymium Catalyst for the Polymerization of Dienes and Polar Vinyl Monomers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28833897 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ziegler-Natta catalysts have played a major role in industry for the polymerization of dienes and vinyl monomers. However, due to the deactivation of the catalyst, this system fails to polymerize polar vinyl monomers such as vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, and methyl acrylate. Herein, a catalytic system composed of NdCl3 ⋅3TEP/TIBA is reported, which promotes a quasi-living polymerization of dienes and is also active for the homopolymerization of polar vinyl monomers. Additionally, this catalytic system generates polymyrcene-b-polyisoprene and poly(myrcene)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers by sequential monomer addition. To encourage the replacement of petroleum-based polymers by environmentally benign biobased polymers, polymerization of β-myrcene is demonstrated with a catalytic activity of ≈106 kg polymer mol Nd-1 h-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruvanthi N Kularatne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Annie Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Hien Q Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Gregory T McCandless
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Mihaela C Stefan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
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Zhao M, Wang L, Li P, Ma J, Zheng W. 1,2,4-Diazaphospholide complexes of lanthanum(iii), cerium(iii), neodymium(iii), praseodymium(iii), and samarium(iii): synthesis, X-ray structural characterization, and magnetic susceptibility studies. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:11172-81. [PMID: 27326667 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00696e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A few heteroleptic, charge-separated heterobimetallic, and polymeric alkali metalate complexes of 1,2,4-diazaphospholide lanthanum(iii), cerium(iii), neodymium(iii), praseodymium(iii), and samarium(iii) were simply prepared via the metathesis reaction of MCl3 (THF)m (m = 1-2) and K[3,5-R2dp] ([3,5-R2dp](-) = 3,5-di-substituent-1,2,4-diazaphospholide; R = tBu, Ph) in a varied ratio (1 : 3, 1 : 4, and 1 : 5, respectively) at room temperature in tetrahydrofuran. All the complexes were fully characterized by (1)H, (13)C{(1)H}, (31)P{(1)H}, IR, and X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis despite their paramagnetism (excluding La(iii) complexes). The structures of the complexes were found to feature varied coordination modes. The magnetic properties of several compounds were studied by magnetic susceptibility, and the complexes presented the magnetic moments close to or lower than the theoretical values for the free ions in the trivalent oxidation states (Pr(3+), Nd(3+)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & College of Chemical and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Gongyuan Street 1, Linfen, Shanxi Province 041004, China.
| | - Lixia Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & College of Chemical and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Gongyuan Street 1, Linfen, Shanxi Province 041004, China.
| | - Pangpang Li
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & College of Chemical and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Gongyuan Street 1, Linfen, Shanxi Province 041004, China.
| | - Jianping Ma
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Wenjun Zheng
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & College of Chemical and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Gongyuan Street 1, Linfen, Shanxi Province 041004, China. and Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Material, Ministry of Education, Linfen, Shanxi Province 041004, China
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11
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Leich V, Spaniol TP, Okuda J. Potassium-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Activated Olefins: Evidence for a Silyl Migration Mechanism. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeri Leich
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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12
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Wang Y, Guo W, Liu D, Yang Y, Zheng W. 1,2,4-Diazaphospholide complexes of yttrium(iii), dysprosium(iii), erbium(iii), and europium(ii,iii): synthesis, X-ray structural characterization, and EPR analysis. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:899-903. [PMID: 26666366 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt04285b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several structurally characterized heteroleptic, charge-separated heterobimetallic, and polymeric alkali metal ate complexes of 1,2,4-diazaphospholide Y(iii), Dy(iii), Er(iii), Eu(iii), and Eu(ii) were prepared via the reaction of MCl3 and K[3,5-R2dp] in varied ratios at 200-220 °C (M = Y, Dy, Er, Eu; R = tBu, Ph).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Wang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & College of Chemical and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Gongyuan Street 1, Linfen, Shanxi Province 041004, China.
| | - Wenzhen Guo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & College of Chemical and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Gongyuan Street 1, Linfen, Shanxi Province 041004, China.
| | - Dongling Liu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & College of Chemical and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Gongyuan Street 1, Linfen, Shanxi Province 041004, China.
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South University, Lushannan Road 932, Changsha, Hunan Province 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zheng
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & College of Chemical and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, Gongyuan Street 1, Linfen, Shanxi Province 041004, China. and Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials, Ministry of Education, Gongyuan Street 1, Linfen, Shanxi Province 041004, China
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Liu Y, Shi M, Deng L. Iron(II) Dihydrocarbyls Supported by a Biphenyl-Linked Bis(benzimidazol-2-ylidene) Ligand: Syntheses and Characterization. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om5000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Shi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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Chadha P, Emslie DJH, Jenkins HA. Manganese(II) Alkyl/π-Allyl Complexes Resistant to Ligand Redistribution. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500101m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chadha
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S
4M1, Canada
| | - David J. H. Emslie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S
4M1, Canada
| | - Hilary A. Jenkins
- McMaster Analytical X-Ray Diffraction Facility,
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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Lichtenberg C, Okuda J. Strukturell definierte Allylverbindungen der Hauptgruppenmetalle: Koordination und Reaktivität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Lichtenberg C, Okuda J. Structurally Defined Allyl Compounds of Main Group Metals: Coordination and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5228-46. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Lichtenberg C, Spaniol TP, Peckermann I, Hanusa TP, Okuda J. Cationic, Neutral, and Anionic Allyl Magnesium Compounds: Unprecedented Ligand Conformations and Reactivity Toward Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 135:811-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ja310112e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen,
Germany
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen,
Germany
| | - Ilja Peckermann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen,
Germany
| | - Timothy P. Hanusa
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235,
United States
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52056 Aachen,
Germany
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18
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Cui P, Spaniol TP, Okuda J. Heterometallic Potassium Rare-Earth-Metal Allyl and Hydrido Complexes Stabilized by a Dianionic (NNNN)-Type Macrocyclic Ancillary Ligand. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300986w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1,
52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1,
52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1,
52056 Aachen, Germany
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19
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Lichtenberg C, Engel J, Spaniol TP, Englert U, Raabe G, Okuda J. Bis(allyl)zinc revisited: sigma versus pi bonding of allyl coordination. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:9805-11. [PMID: 22591244 DOI: 10.1021/ja303480a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The reinvestigation of two allyl zinc compounds, parent bis(allyl)zinc [Zn(C(3)H(5))(2)] (1) and 2-methallyl chloro zinc [Zn(C(4)H(7))Cl] (2), revealed two new coordination modes in the solid state for the allyl ligand, viz cis- and trans-μ(2)-η(1):η(1). These results call for modification of the conventional interpretation of zinc-allyl interactions. Computational results indicate that the classical η(3)-bonding mode of the allyl ligand is not favored in zinc compounds. A rare case of a zinc-olefin interaction in the dimer of [Zn(η(1)-C(3)H(5))(OC(C(3)H(5))Ph(2))] was found in the monoinsertion product of 1 with benzophenone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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20
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Glöckner A, Bannenberg T, Daniliuc CG, Jones PG, Tamm M. From a Cycloheptatrienylzirconium Allyl Complex to a Cycloheptatrienylzirconium Imidazolin-2-iminato “Pogo Stick” Complex with Imido-Type Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:4368-78. [DOI: 10.1021/ic300129z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Glöckner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina, Hagenring
30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Bannenberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina, Hagenring
30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina, Hagenring
30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina, Hagenring
30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina, Hagenring
30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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21
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Jian Z, Cui D, Hou Z. Rare-Earth-Metal-Hydrocarbyl Complexes Bearing Linked Cyclopentadienyl or Fluorenyl Ligands: Synthesis, Catalyzed Styrene Polymerization, and Structure-Reactivity Relationship. Chemistry 2012; 18:2674-84. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Cao Y, Li J, Wang Y, Yao Y, Shen Q. Polymerization of acrylonitrile catalyzed by lanthanide-sodium alkoxide clusters Ln2(OCH2CH2NMe2)12(OH)2Na8 [Ln=Yb (1), Nd (2) and Sm (3)]. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-011-4652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Hu Y, Gustafson LO, Zhu H, Chen EYX. Anionic polymerization of MMA and renewable methylene butyrolactones by resorbable potassium salts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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24
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McMillen CH, Gren CK, Hanusa TP, Rheingold AL. A tetrameric allyl complex of sodium, and computational modeling of the 23Na–allyl chemical shift. Inorganica Chim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Jian Z, Tang S, Cui D. A Lutetium Allyl Complex That Bears a Pyridyl-Functionalized Cyclopentadienyl Ligand: Dual Catalysis on Highly Syndiospecific and cis-1,4-Selective (Co)Polymerizations of Styrene and Butadiene. Chemistry 2010; 16:14007-15. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Morales-Torres S, Maldonado-Hódar FJ, Pérez-Cadenas AF, Carrasco-Marín F. Textural and mechanical characteristics of carbon aerogels synthesized by polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde using alkali carbonates as basification agents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:10365-72. [PMID: 20582362 DOI: 10.1039/c003396k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five organic aerogels were prepared simultaneously by polycondensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde using different alkali carbonates (M(2)CO(3), M = Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs) as basification agents. The gelation time depended on the carbonate used, increasing from Li(2)CO(3) to Cs(2)CO(3). The porosity of the samples is defined during this process, when the three-dimensional packing of primary particles is formed. The slower the gelation, the greater the overlapping of primary particles and the formation of clusters, leading to a mechanical reinforcement of the samples and the progressive displacement of their pore size distribution (PSD) towards larger pores. Carbonization produces certain shrinkage of the structure and increases the microporosity and the Young modulus of the samples. Carbon aerogels change from mesoporous to macroporous materials as the counter-ion size of the carbonate increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Morales-Torres
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
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Chmely SC, Hanusa TP. Complexes with Sterically Bulky Allyl Ligands: Insights into Structure and Bonding. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Chmely
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37245, USA, Fax: +1‐615‐/343‐1234
| | - Timothy P. Hanusa
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37245, USA, Fax: +1‐615‐/343‐1234
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28
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Qian C, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Shen Q. Heterobimetallic complexes of lanthanide and lithium metals with dianionic guanidinate ligands: Syntheses, structures and catalytic activity for amidation of aldehydes with amines. J Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Robert D, Abinet E, Spaniol TP, Okuda J. Cationic allyl complexes of the rare-earth metals: synthesis, structural characterization, and 1,3-butadiene polymerization catalysis. Chemistry 2010; 15:11937-47. [PMID: 19784969 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200901616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Monocationic bis-allyl complexes [Ln(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(2)(thf)(3)](+)[B(C(6)X(5))(4)](-) (Ln = Y, La, Nd; X = H, F) and dicationic mono-allyl complexes of yttrium and the early lanthanides [Ln(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(thf)(6)](2+)[BPh(4)](2)(-) (Ln = La, Nd) were prepared by protonolysis of the tris-allyl complexes [Ln(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(3)(diox)] (Ln = Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm; diox = 1,4-dioxane) isolated as a 1,4-dioxane-bridged dimer (Ln = Ce) or THF adducts [Ln(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(3)(thf)(2)] (Ln = Ce, Pr). Allyl abstraction from the neutral tris-allyl complex by a Lewis acid, ER(3) (Al(CH(2)SiMe(3))(3), BPh(3)) gave the ion pair [Ln(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(2)(thf)(3)](+)[ER(3)(eta(1)-CH(2)CH=CH(2))](-) (Ln = Y, La; ER(3) = Al(CH(2)SiMe(3))(3), BPh(3)). Benzophenone inserts into the La-C(allyl) bond of [La(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(2)(thf)(3)](+)[BPh(4)](-) to form the alkoxy complex [La{OCPh(2)(CH(2)CH=CH(2))}(2)(thf)(3)](+)[BPh(4)](-). The monocationic half-sandwich complexes [Ln(eta(5)-C(5)Me(4)SiMe(3))(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(thf)(2)](+)[B(C(6)X(5))(4)](-) (Ln = Y, La; X = H, F) were synthesized from the neutral precursors [Ln(eta(5)-C(5)Me(4)SiMe(3))(eta(3)-C(3)H(5))(2)(thf)] by protonolysis. For 1,3-butadiene polymerization catalysis, the yttrium-based systems were more active than the corresponding lanthanum or neodymium homologues, giving polybutadiene with approximately 90% 1,4-cis stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Robert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Quisenberry KT, White RE, Hanusa TP, Brennessel WW. Allyl complexes of the heavy alkaline-earth metals: molecular structure and catalytic behavior. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Solomon SA, Layfield RA. The coordination chemistry of silyl-substituted allyl ligands. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:2469-83. [DOI: 10.1039/b918619k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Gren CK, Hanusa TP, Rheingold AL. Solvent-resistant structures of base-free lithium and potassium allyl complexes, M[(SiMe3)nC3H5-n] (M = Li,n= 3; M = K,n= 2). MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10241220903065235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Zhou L, Yao Y, Shen Q. Lanthanide(II) amide complexes: Efficient initiators for the living polymerization of methyl methacrylate. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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34
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Chen EYX. Coordination Polymerization of Polar Vinyl Monomers by Single-Site Metal Catalysts. Chem Rev 2009; 109:5157-214. [DOI: 10.1021/cr9000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872
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35
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Sulway SA, Girshfeld R, Solomon SA, Muryn CA, Poater J, Solà M, Bickelhaupt FM, Layfield RA. Alkali Metal Complexes of Silyl-Substitutedansa-(Tris)allyl Ligands: Metal-, Co-Ligand- and Substituent-Dependent Stereochemistry. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Lin D, Chen J, Luo C, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Luo Y. Rare earth metal benzyl complexes bearing bridged-indenyl ligand for highly active polymerization of methyl methacrylate. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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37
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Yu N, Nishiura M, Li X, Xi Z, Hou Z. Cationic Scandium Allyl Complexes Bearing Mono(cyclopentadienyl) Ligands: Synthesis, Novel Structural Variety, and Olefin-Polymerization Catalysis. Chem Asian J 2008; 3:1406-14. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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38
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Solomon SA, Muryn CA, Layfield RA. s-Block metal complexes of a bulky, donor-functionalized allyl ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:3142-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b803364a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Xu X, Zhang Z, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Shen Q. Controlled Syntheses, Characterization, and Reactivity of Neutral and Anionic Lanthanide Amides Supported by Methylene-Linked Bis(phenolate) Ligands. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:9379-88. [PMID: 17880064 DOI: 10.1021/ic701148z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of neutral and anionic bis(phenolate) lanthanide amides were synthesized by general metathesis reactions, and their reactivity was explored. Protolytic ligand exchange reactions of MBMPH2 (MBMP = 2,2'-methylene bis(6-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenolate)) with [Ln{N(TMS)2}2(mu-Cl)(THF)]2 (TMS = SiMe3) afforded the desired bridged bis(phenolate) lanthanide chlorides [(MBMP)Ln(mu-Cl)(THF)2]2 [Ln = Nd (1), Yb (2)] in high isolated yields. These lanthanide chlorides were found to be useful precursors for the synthesis of the corresponding lanthanide derivatives. Reactions of 1 and 2 with 2 equiv of NaN(TMS)2 in THF produced the expected neutral bis(phenolate) lanthanide amido complexes (MBMP)Ln[N(TMS)2](THF)2 [Ln = Nd (3), Yb (4)] in high yields. Whereas the reactions of 1 and 2 with LiN(TMS)2 in a 1:4 molar ratio gave the anionic bis(phenolate) lanthanide amides as discrete ion-pair complexes [Li(THF)4][(MBMP)Ln{N(TMS)2}2] [Ln = Nd (5), Yb (6)] in high isolated yields. Further study revealed that 5 and 6 can also be conveniently synthesized in high yields by the direct reactions of MBMPH2 with [Ln{N(TMS)2}2(mu-Cl)(THF)]2 in a 2:1 molar ratio, and then with 4 equiv of nBuLi. The reactivity of the neutral and anionic bis(phenolate) lanthanide amides was comparatively investigated. It was found that the insertion reactions of carbodiimide into the Ln-N bond of neutral lanthanide amido complexes 3 and 4 gave the anticipated bis(phenolate) lanthanide guanidinate complexes [(mu-O-MBMP)Nd{(iPrN)2CN(TMS)2}]2 (7) and (MBMP)Yb[(iPrN)2CN(TMS)2] (8), respectively, in high yields, whereas the similar reaction of carbodiimide with anionic amido complex 5 provided the unexpected ligand-redistributed products, and the homoleptic ion-pair bis(phenolate) neodymium complex [Li(DME)2(THF)][(MBMP)2Nd(THF)2] (9) was finally isolated as one of the products. Furthermore, the anionic bis(phenolate) lanthanide amides showed higher catalytic activity for the polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone than the neutral ones. All of the complexes were characterized with elemental analysis and IR spectra, and the definitive molecular structures of 1-3 and 5-9 were provided by single-crystal X-ray analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215006, P.R. China
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40
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Quisenberry KT, Gren CK, White RE, Hanusa TP, Brennessel WW. Trimethylsilylated Allyl Complexes of the Heavy Alkali Metals, M[1,3-(SiMe3)2C3H3](thf)n (M = K, Cs). Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om700410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith T. Quisenberry
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, and X-ray Crystallographic Laboratory, Chemistry Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Cameron K. Gren
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, and X-ray Crystallographic Laboratory, Chemistry Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Rosemary E. White
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, and X-ray Crystallographic Laboratory, Chemistry Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Timothy P. Hanusa
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, and X-ray Crystallographic Laboratory, Chemistry Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - William W. Brennessel
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, and X-ray Crystallographic Laboratory, Chemistry Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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41
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White RE, Hanusa TP, Kucera BE. Compositional variations in monomeric trimethylsilylated allyl lanthanide complexes. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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42
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Synthesis and characterization of anionic lanthanide complexes {[o-(Me3SiN)2C6H4]Ln(MeC5H4)2}{Li(DME)3} (Ln=Yb, Sm, Nd) and their catalytic activity for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate. J Organomet Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Gren CK, Hanusa TP, Rheingold AL. Threefold Cation−π Bonding in Trimethylsilylated Allyl Complexes. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om061174d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron K. Gren
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
| | - Timothy P. Hanusa
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358
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44
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Layfield RA, García F, Hannauer J, Humphrey SM. Ansa-tris(allyl) complexes of alkali metals: tripodal analogues of cyclopentadienyl and ansa-metallocene ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:5081-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b712285c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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White RE, Hanusa TP. Prediction of 89Y NMR Chemical Shifts in Organometallic Complexes with Density Functional Theory. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060695y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary E. White
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Timothy P. Hanusa
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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White RE, Carlson CN, Veauthier JM, Simpson CK, Thompson JD, Scott BL, Hanusa TP, John KD. Observation of Internal Electron Transfer in Bulky Allyl Ytterbium Complexes with Substituted Terpyridine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:7004-9. [PMID: 16903760 DOI: 10.1021/ic060603x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of new bulky allyl terpyridyl-ytterbium complexes have been synthesized to determine the effect of allyl ligands on the internal charge-transfer process that exists in these materials. Compared to the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-ytterbocene compound Cp*2Yb(tpyCN) (nu(C(triple bond)N) = 2172 cm(-1)), the symmetrically substituted allyl complex [1,3-(SiMe3)2C3H3]2Yb(tpyCN) possesses a markedly lowered C(triple bond)N frequency of 2130 cm(-1). Furthermore, the electronic nature of these bulky allyl complexes can be tuned, as demonstrated by the C(triple bond)N frequency of the asymmetric derivatives [1-(SiMe3)C3H4]2Yb(tpyCN) and [1-(SiPh3)-3-(SiMe3)C3H3]2Yb(tpyCN) (2171 and 2164 cm(-1), respectively). The differences in these frequencies can be attributed to differences in the ligands' steric and electronic character. Single-crystal X-ray characterization of [1,3-(SiMe3)2C3H3]2Yb(tpy) reveals that the allyl moiety possesses shorter Yb-C and Yb-N bond distances than the Cp* analogue. The magnetic susceptibility data for [1,3-(SiMe3)2C3H3]2Yb(tpy) departs dramatically from the Curie law, with a room-temperature magnetic moment of 2.95 mu(B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary E White
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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White RE, Hanusa TP, Kucera BE. Generation of Dimethylsilylene and Allylidene Holmium Complexes from Trimethylsilylated Allyl Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:9622-3. [PMID: 16866503 DOI: 10.1021/ja062646i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of K[1,3-(SiMe3)2C3H3] with partially hydrated holmium triflate leads to a dimeric complex (1) in which hydrogen abstraction from a trimethylsilyl group has occurred on two allyl ligands, forming dimethylsilylene units that bridge the holmium atoms. When the reaction time is prolonged, a different product (2) is isolated, in which in addition to two dimethylsilylene bridges, the metal centers are joined with a mu-eta1,eta3-allylidene ligand. Both crystallographic and computational studies provide evidence for delocalized bonding in the allylidene fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary E White
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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Zhou L, Yao Y, Li C, Zhang Y, Shen Q. Synthesis and Characterization of a Series of New Lanthanide Derivatives Supported by Silylene-Bridged Diamide Ligands and Their Catalytic Activities for the Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060055v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingming Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215006, People's Republic of China, and State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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