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Farshadfar K, Laasonen K. DFT Mechanistic Investigation into Ni(II)-Catalyzed Hydroxylation of Benzene to Phenol by H 2O 2. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5509-5519. [PMID: 38471975 PMCID: PMC11186014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Introduction of oxygen into aromatic C-H bonds is intriguing from both fundamental and practical perspectives. Although the 3d metal-catalyzed hydroxylation of arenes by H2O2 has been developed by several prominent researchers, a definitive mechanism for these crucial transformations remains elusive. Herein, density functional theory calculations were used to shed light on the mechanism of the established hydroxylation reaction of benzene with H2O2, catalyzed by [NiII(tepa)]2+ (tepa = tris[2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl]amine). Dinickel(III) bis(μ-oxo) species have been proposed as the key intermediate responsible for the benzene hydroxylation reaction. Our findings indicate that while the dinickel dioxygen species can be generated as a stable structure, it cannot serve as an active catalyst in this transformation. The calculations allowed us to unveil an unprecedented mechanism composed of six main steps as follows: (i) deprotonation of coordinated H2O2, (ii) oxidative addition, (iii) water elimination, (iv) benzene addition, (v) ketone generation, and (vi) tautomerization and regeneration of the active catalyst. Addition of benzene to oxygen, which occurs via a radical mechanism, turns out to be the rate-determining step in the overall reaction. This study demonstrates the critical role of Ni-oxyl species in such transformations, highlighting how the unpaired spin density value on oxygen and positive charges on the Ni-O• complex affect the activation barrier for benzene addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Farshadfar
- Department of Chemistry and
Material Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kari Laasonen
- Department of Chemistry and
Material Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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2
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Ikeda K, Yoshizawa K, Shiota Y. Theoretical Investigation into Selective Benzene Hydroxylation by Ruthenium-Substituted Keggin-Type Polyoxometalates. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:10-14. [PMID: 34890508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Benzene hydroxylation catalyzed by ruthenium-substituted Keggin-type polyoxometalates [RuV(O)XW11O39]n- (RuVOX; X = Al, Ga, Si, Ge, P, As, S; heteroatoms; 3 ≤ n ≤ 6) is investigated using the density functional theory approach. As a possible side reaction, the water oxidation reaction is also considered. We found that the rate-determining step for water oxidation by RuVOX requires a higher activation free energy than the benzene hydroxylation reaction, suggesting that all of the RuVOX catalysts show high chemoselectivity toward benzene hydroxylation. Additionally, the heteroatom effect in benzene hydroxylation by RuVOX is discussed. The replacement of Si by X induces changes in the bond length of μ4O-X, resulting in a change in the activation free energy for benzene hydroxylation by RuVOX. Consequentially, RuVOS is expected to be the most effective catalyst among the (RuVOX) catalysts for the benzene hydroxylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ikeda
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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3
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Guerra C, Kumar S, Aguilar-Galindo F, Díaz-Tendero S, Lozano AI, Mendes M, Limão-Vieira P, García G. Unexpected benzene oxidation in collisions with superoxide anions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23125. [PMID: 34848760 PMCID: PMC8633363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide anions colliding with benzene molecules at impact energies from 200 to 900 eV are reported for the first time to form massive complexes. With the aid of quantum chemistry calculations, we propose a mechanism in which a sudden double ionization of benzene and the subsequent electrostatic attraction between the dication and the anion form a stable covalently bonded C6H6O2+ molecule, that evolves towards the formation of benzene-diol conformers. These findings lend support to a model presenting a new high energy anion-driven chemistry as an alternative way to form complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Guerra
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 113-bis, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarvesh Kumar
- Atomic and Molecular Collisions Laboratory, CEFITEC, Department of Physics, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Fernando Aguilar-Galindo
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sergio Díaz-Tendero
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Módulo 13, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Science (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana I Lozano
- Atomic and Molecular Collisions Laboratory, CEFITEC, Department of Physics, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Mónica Mendes
- Atomic and Molecular Collisions Laboratory, CEFITEC, Department of Physics, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Paulo Limão-Vieira
- Atomic and Molecular Collisions Laboratory, CEFITEC, Department of Physics, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Gustavo García
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 113-bis, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
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4
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Abe T, Kametani Y, Yoshizawa K, Shiota Y. Mechanistic Insights into the Dicopper-Complex-Catalyzed Hydroxylation of Methane and Benzene Using Nitric Oxide: A DFT Study. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4599-4609. [PMID: 33755454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although hydrocarbons are known to act as reductants for the catalytic reduction of nitric oxides (NOx) over copper-based catalysts, the reaction mechanism requires clarification. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to investigate the reduction mechanisms of NOx to dinitrogen coupled to the hydroxylation of methane or benzene using the dicopper complex reported by Zhang and co-workers [ J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 10159-10164]. The B3LYP functional was used to optimize the (μ-oxo)(μ-nitrosyl)dicopper complex in the quartet state and the (μ-η2:η2-NO2)dicopper complex in the doublet state, the latter of which was found to be the ground state. Then, we investigated the reactivities of the (μ-η2:η2-NO2)dicopper complex toward methane and benzene by considering the conversions of N2O to N2 in the presence and the absence of methane or benzene. In the presence of methane and benzene, the calculated activation energies were 27.0 and 21.0 kcal/mol, respectively, whereas that with N2O alone was prohibitively high (61.9 kcal/mol). Thus, the (μ-η2:η2-NO2)dicopper complex prefers the reactions with methane and benzene to that with N2O. The reaction of the (μ-η2:η2-NO2)dicopper complex with methane or benzene generated the (μ-nitrosyl)dicopper complex. The (μ-nitrosyl)dicopper complex then reacted with N2O to regenerate the (μ-η2:η2-NO2)dicopper complex and N2 with an activation barrier of 31.5 kcal/mol. The overall reactions for methane and benzene hydroxylation were calculated to be exothermic by 41.7 and 54.1 kcal/mol, respectively. These results suggest that the catalytic reduction of NOx using hydrocarbons is feasible at certain operating temperatures. Thus, our calculations provide new insights into the design of catalysts for NOx purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Abe
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yohei Kametani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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5
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Don CG, Smieško M. Deciphering Reaction Determinants of Altered-Activity CYP2D6 Variants by Well-Tempered Metadynamics Simulation and QM/MM Calculations. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:6642-6653. [PMID: 33269921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme CYP2D6 is the P450 cytochrome family member with the highest rate of polymorphism. This causes changes in the enzyme activity and specificity, which can ultimately lead to adverse reactions during drug treatment. To avoid or lower CYP-related toxicity risks, prediction of the most likely positions within a molecule where a metabolic reaction might occur is paramount. In order to obtain accurate predictions, it is crucial to understand all phenomena within the active site of the enzyme that contribute to an efficient substrate recognition and the subsequent catalytic reaction together with their relative weight within the overall thermodynamic context. This study aims to define the weight of the driving forces upon the C-H bond activation within CYP2D6 wild-type and a clinically relevant allelic variant with increased activity (CYP2D6*53) featuring two amino acid mutations in close vicinity of the heme. First, we investigated the steric and electrostatic complementarity of the substrate bufuralol using well-tempered metadynamics simulations with the aim to obtain the free energy profiles for each site of metabolism (SoM) within the different active sites. Second, the stereoelectronic complementarity was determined for each SoM within the two different active-site environments. Relying on the well-tempered metadynamics simulation energy profiles of each SoM, we identified the binding mode that was closest to the preferred transition-state geometry for efficient C-H bond activation. The binding modes were then used as starting structures for the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations performed to quantify the corresponding activation barriers. Our results show the relevance of the steric component in orienting the SoM in an energetically accessible position toward the heme. However, the corresponding intrinsic reactivity and electronic complementarity within the active site must be accurately evaluated in order to obtain a meaningful reaction prediction, from which the predominant SoM can be determined. The F120I mutation lowered the activation barrier for the major site and one of the minor SoMs. However, it had an impact neither on the CYP2D6 enantioselectivity preference of the oxidation reaction nor on the stereoselectivity from the substrate point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charleen G Don
- Computational Pharmacy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Smieško
- Computational Pharmacy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Abstract
The oxidation of benzene to phenol (BTOP) with N2O as the oxidant has been studied with a variety of Fe/ZSM-5 catalysts. The literature has conclusively proven that Fe2+ sites are the active sites. However, some studies have suggested that the Lewis acidic sites (LAS) are responsible for the generation of the active chemisorbed oxygen. Nevertheless, there is no clear relationship between the LAS and the N2O selectivity to phenol. In an effort to elucidate the effects of LAS on BTOP with various ZSM-5 catalysts, we investigated the initial N2O selectivity to phenol. Here we show that the initial N2O selectivity to phenol is negative with the amount of LAS over a certain range. The catalyst H-ZSM-5-ST (H-ZSM-5 treated with water vapor) showed a remarkable initial N2O selectivity to phenol as high as 95.9% with a 0.021 mmol g−1 LAS concentration on the surface of the catalyst, while the Fe/ZSM-5 catalyst demonstrated the lowest initial N2O selectivity to phenol (11.7%) with the highest LAS concentration (0.137 mmol g−1). Another remarkable feature is that steaming was more effective than Fe ion exchange and high temperature calcining. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), N2-adsorption-desorption, UV-vis, NH3-TPD and pyridine Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) techniques. Our results demonstrate how the concentration of LAS is likely to affect the initial N2O selectivity to phenol within a certain range (0.021–0.137 mmol g−1). This research has demonstrated the synergy between the active Fe2+ sites and LAS.
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7
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A QM/MM study on ethene and benzene oxidation using silica-supported chromium trioxide. J Mol Model 2019; 25:17. [PMID: 30610458 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of ethene and benzene by chromium oxide (CrO3) supported on silica (SiO2) was investigated by employing hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) model calculations. Various mechanistic possibilities, such as C-H or C=C bond activation of hydrocarbons, were investigated in detail for the reaction of ethene and benzene with CrO3 grafted on a silica surface. While activation of the C-H bond leads to the formation of alcohol, epoxide is obtained via C=C bond activation. The complete reaction routes for the formation of each product were traced and found to be exothermic. Thermochemical analysis were performed to predict temperature conditions for the reaction to be feasible in a forward direction. The study provides conclusive evidence to aid experimentalists for further research on oxidation of hydrocarbons using silica-supported metal oxides. Graphical abstract Oxidation of ethene and benzene using silica-supported chromium trioxide.
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8
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Adam SM, Wijeratne GB, Rogler PJ, Diaz DE, Quist DA, Liu JJ, Karlin KD. Synthetic Fe/Cu Complexes: Toward Understanding Heme-Copper Oxidase Structure and Function. Chem Rev 2018; 118:10840-11022. [PMID: 30372042 PMCID: PMC6360144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heme-copper oxidases (HCOs) are terminal enzymes on the mitochondrial or bacterial respiratory electron transport chain, which utilize a unique heterobinuclear active site to catalyze the 4H+/4e- reduction of dioxygen to water. This process involves a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) from a tyrosine (phenolic) residue and additional redox events coupled to transmembrane proton pumping and ATP synthesis. Given that HCOs are large, complex, membrane-bound enzymes, bioinspired synthetic model chemistry is a promising approach to better understand heme-Cu-mediated dioxygen reduction, including the details of proton and electron movements. This review encompasses important aspects of heme-O2 and copper-O2 (bio)chemistries as they relate to the design and interpretation of small molecule model systems and provides perspectives from fundamental coordination chemistry, which can be applied to the understanding of HCO activity. We focus on recent advancements from studies of heme-Cu models, evaluating experimental and computational results, which highlight important fundamental structure-function relationships. Finally, we provide an outlook for future potential contributions from synthetic inorganic chemistry and discuss their implications with relevance to biological O2-reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. Adam
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Gayan B. Wijeratne
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Patrick J. Rogler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Daniel E. Diaz
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David A. Quist
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jeffrey J. Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kenneth D. Karlin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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9
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Mahyuddin MH, Staykov A, Shiota Y, Yoshizawa K. Direct Conversion of Methane to Methanol by Metal-Exchanged ZSM-5 Zeolite (Metal = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu). ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Haris Mahyuddin
- Institute for Materials
Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department
of Physics-Energy Engineering, Surya University, Tangerang 15810, Indonesia
| | - Aleksandar Staykov
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral
Energy Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials
Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials
Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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10
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Sasaki T, Tada M, Wang L, Malwadkar S, Iwasawa Y. Structure of the Active Platinum Cluster and Reaction Pathway of the Selective Synthesis of Phenol from Benzene and Oxygen Regulated with Ammonia on a Platinum Cluster/β-Zeolite Catalyst Studied by DFT Calculations. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:2283-91. [PMID: 26179978 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations were used to investigate the structure of the active Pt cluster and the catalytic reaction pathway for the selective synthesis of phenol from benzene and molecular oxygen regulated with ammonia on a Pt cluster/β-zeolite catalyst that was reported to be active for the selective hydroxylation of benzene only in the coexistence of ammonia. It was found that Pt5-Pt6 clusters were active for the direct synthesis of phenol, and they provided the reaction sites for bond rearrangements among ammonia, oxygen, and benzene; furthermore, the coexistence of ammonia was crucial for the selective oxidation of benzene to phenol, as it suppressed benzene combustion to CO2 and promoted the selective synthesis of phenol. It was further found that water coexisting in the system also played a significant role in desorbing phenol on the Pt cluster surface, which resulted in promotion of the overall selective synthesis of phenol. The energy diagram for the reaction sequences and the structures of the transition states were obtained, which indicated the origin of the Pt/β catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Sasaki
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.
| | - Mizuki Tada
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Linsheng Wang
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Sachin Malwadkar
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Iwasawa
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan.,Innovation Research Center for Fuel Cells, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
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11
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Sakaki S. Theoretical and Computational Study of a Complex System Consisting of Transition Metal Element(s): How to Understand and Predict Its Geometry, Bonding Nature, Molecular Property, and Reaction Behavior. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
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12
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Guan W, Sayyed FB, Zeng G, Sakaki S. σ-Bond Activation of Small Molecules and Reactions Catalyzed by Transition-Metal Complexes: Theoretical Understanding of Electronic Processes. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:6444-57. [DOI: 10.1021/ic5003429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guan
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishi-hiraki-cho
34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Fareed Bhasha Sayyed
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishi-hiraki-cho
34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Guixiang Zeng
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishi-hiraki-cho
34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishi-hiraki-cho
34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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13
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Kromer A, Roduner E. Catalytic Oxidation of Benzene on Liquid Ion-Exchanged Cu,H(Na)/ZSM-5 and Cu,H(Na)/Y Zeolites: Spin Trapping of Transient Radical Intermediates. Chempluschem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201200285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Dong L, Wen J, Qin S, Yang N, Yang H, Su Z, Yu X, Hu C. Iron-Catalyzed Direct Suzuki–Miyaura Reaction: Theoretical and Experimental Studies on the Mechanism and the Regioselectivity. ACS Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300028y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Qin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
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15
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Sun XL, Huang XR, Li JL, Huo RP, Sun CC. Mechanism Insights of Ethane C–H Bond Activations by Bare [FeIII═O]+: Explicit Electronic Structure Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:1475-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jp2120302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Sun
- State Key
Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Xu-Ri Huang
- State Key
Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Ji-Lai Li
- State Key
Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s
Republic of China
- Department of Theoretical
Chemistry, Lund University,
Chemical Centre, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rui-Ping Huo
- State Key
Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Chia-Chung Sun
- State Key
Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, People’s
Republic of China
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16
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Li JL, Zhang X, Huang XR. Mechanism of benzenehydroxylation by high-valent bare FeivO2+: explicit electronic structure analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:246-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22187f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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17
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18
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Altinay G, Metz RB. Vibrational spectroscopy of intermediates in benzene-to-pheno conversion by FeO+. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2010; 21:750-757. [PMID: 20181494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 01/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase FeO(+) can convert benzene to phenol under thermal conditions. Two key intermediates of this reaction are the [HO-Fe-C(6)H(5)](+) insertion intermediate and Fe(+)(C(6)H(5)OH) exit channel complex. These intermediates are selectively formed by reaction of laser ablated Fe(+) with specific organic precursors and are cooled in a supersonic expansion. Vibrational spectra of the sextet and quartet states of the intermediates in the O-H stretching region are measured by infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD). For Fe(+)(C(6)H(5)OH), the O-H stretch is observed at 3598 cm(-1). Photodissociation primarily produces Fe(+) + C(6)H(5)OH; Fe(+)(C(6)H(4)) + H(2)O is also observed. IRMPD of [HO-Fe-C(6)H(5)](+) mainly produces FeOH(+) + C(6)H(5) and the O-H stretch spectrum consists of a peak at approximately 3700 cm(-1) with a shoulder at approximately 3670 cm(-1). Analysis of the experimental results is aided by comparison with hybrid density functional theory computed frequencies. Also, an improved potential energy surface for the FeO(+) + C(6)H(6) reaction is developed based on CBS-QB3 calculations for the reactants, intermediates, transition states, and products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Altinay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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19
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Liu Z, Guo W, Zhao L, Shan H. Theoretical Investigation of the Oxidation of Propane by FeO+. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:2701-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp910774z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaochun Liu
- College of Physics Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Dongying, Shandong 257061, PR China
| | - Wenyue Guo
- College of Physics Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Dongying, Shandong 257061, PR China
| | - Lianming Zhao
- College of Physics Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Dongying, Shandong 257061, PR China
| | - Honghong Shan
- College of Physics Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Dongying, Shandong 257061, PR China
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20
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Zhao L, Liu Z, Guo W, Zhang L, Zhang F, Zhu H, Shan H. Theoretical investigation of the gas-phase Mn(+)- and Co(+)-catalyzed oxidation of benzene by N(2)O. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:4219-29. [PMID: 19458823 DOI: 10.1039/b901019j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The gas-phase Mn(+)- and Co(+)-mediated oxidation of benzene by N(2)O has been theoretically investigated using density functional theory. The geometries and energies of all the stationary points involved are located. Two different oxidation mechanisms, i.e., mediated by M(+)(benzene) and MO(+), are taken into account. In the former catalytic cycle, benzene initially coordinates to the metal ion affording the M(+)(C(6)H(6)) adduct (M = Mn or Co), then N(2)O coordinates to the nascent benzene complex and gets activated by the metal to yield (C(6)H(6))M(+)O(N(2)). After releasing a molecular nitrogen, through the non-radical and/or O-insertion pathways, the system would be oxidized to phenol and regenerates the active catalyst M(+). This catalytic mechanism is energetically favourable, explaining the efficient Mn(+)- and Co(+)-catalyzed benzene hydroxylation observed in ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) experiments [J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1994, 116, 9565-9570]. For the alternative MO(+)-mediated oxidation mechanism, spin inversion as well as high energy barrier in the course of the N-O activation imply low reaction efficiency of the ground-state reactants, according with the ICR experiment finding that MO(+) was formed from exited M(+)*, thus both Mn(+) and Co(+) are unable to work as a catalyst in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianming Zhao
- College of Physics Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum, Dongying, Shandong, 257061, PR China
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21
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Zhao L, Liu Z, Guo W, Lu X, Lin X, Shan H. Mechanisms for the Ni+-mediated oxidation of benzene to phenol by N2O. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Bathelt CM, Mulholland AJ, Harvey JN. QM/MM Modeling of Benzene Hydroxylation in Human Cytochrome P450 2C9. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:13149-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8016908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Bathelt
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks’ Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Adrian J. Mulholland
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks’ Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Jeremy N. Harvey
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks’ Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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23
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Zhao L, Wang Y, Guo W, Shan H, Lu X, Yang T. Theoretical Investigation of the Fe+-Catalyzed Oxidation of Acetylene by N2O. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:5676-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jp800511h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianming Zhao
- College of Physics Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and College of Electromechanical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Dongying, Shandong 257061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Physics Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and College of Electromechanical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Dongying, Shandong 257061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyue Guo
- College of Physics Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and College of Electromechanical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Dongying, Shandong 257061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Honghong Shan
- College of Physics Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and College of Electromechanical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Dongying, Shandong 257061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- College of Physics Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and College of Electromechanical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Dongying, Shandong 257061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianfang Yang
- College of Physics Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and College of Electromechanical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Dongying, Shandong 257061, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Kang MJ, Song WJ, Han AR, Choi YS, Jang HG, Nam W. Mechanistic Insight into the Aromatic Hydroxylation by High-Valent Iron(IV)-oxo Porphyrin π-Cation Radical Complexes. J Org Chem 2007; 72:6301-4. [PMID: 17622172 DOI: 10.1021/jo070557y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies of the aromatic hydroxylation by high-valent iron(IV)-oxo porphyrin pi-cation radicals revealed that the aromatic oxidation involves an initial electrophilic attack on the pi-system of the aromatic ring to produce a tetrahedral radical or cationic sigma-complex. The mechanism was proposed on the basis of experimental results such as a large negative Hammett rho value and an inverse kinetic isotope effect. By carrying out isotope labeling studies, the oxygen in oxygenated products was found to derive from the iron-oxo porphyrin intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Nano Sciences, and Center for Biomimetic Systems, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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25
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de Visser SP, Oh K, Han AR, Nam W. Combined experimental and theoretical study on aromatic hydroxylation by mononuclear nonheme iron(IV)-oxo complexes. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:4632-41. [PMID: 17444641 DOI: 10.1021/ic700462h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hydroxylation of aromatic compounds by mononuclear nonheme iron(IV)-oxo complexes, [FeIV(Bn-tpen)(O)]2+ (Bn-tpen=N-benzyl-N,N',N'-tris(2-pyridylmethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine) and [FeIV(N4Py)(O)]2+ (N4Py=N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-N-bis(2-pyridyl)methylamine), has been investigated by a combined experimental and theoretical approach. In the experimental work, we have performed kinetic studies of the oxidation of anthracene with nonheme iron(IV)-oxo complexes generated in situ, thereby determining kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, a Hammett rho value, and a kinetic isotope effect (KIE) value. A large negative Hammett rho value of -3.9 and an inverse KIE value of 0.9 indicate that the iron-oxo group attacks the aromatic ring via an electrophilic pathway. By carrying out isotope labeling experiments, the oxygen in oxygenated products was found to derive from the nonheme iron(IV)-oxo species. In the theoretical work, we have conducted density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the hydroxylation of benzene by [FeIV(N4Py)(O)]2+. The calculations show that the reaction proceeds via two-state reactivity patterns on competing triplet and quintet spin states via an initial rate determining electrophilic substitution step. In analogy to heme iron(IV)-oxo catalysts, the ligand is noninnocent and actively participates in the reaction mechanism by reshuttling a proton from the ipso position to the oxo group. Calculated kinetic isotope effects of C6H6 versus C6D6 confirm an inverse isotope effect for the electrophilic substitution pathway. Based on the experimental and theoretical results, we have concluded that the aromatic ring oxidation by mononuclear nonheme iron(IV)-oxo complexes does not occur via a hydrogen atom abstraction mechanism but involves an initial electrophilic attack on the pi-system of the aromatic ring to produce a tetrahedral radical or cationic sigma-complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam P de Visser
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Nano Sciences, and Center for Biomimetic Systems, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
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Kiefer AM, Giles JA, Shapley PA. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Organometallic Osmium(VI) Hydroxo Compounds. Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om060918k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Kiefer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 505 South Mathews Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - John A. Giles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 505 South Mathews Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Patricia A. Shapley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 505 South Mathews Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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27
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Shiota Y, Suzuki K, Yoshizawa K. QM/MM Study on the Catalytic Mechanism of Benzene Hydroxylation over Fe−ZSM-5. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om0509591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Suzuki
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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