1
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Fischer R, Görls H, Suxdorf R, Westerhausen M. Phenylchromium(III) Chemistry Revisited 100 Years after Franz Hein (Part II): From Li nCrPh 3+n(thf) x ( n = 1, 2, 3) to Dimeric Triphenylchromate(II) Complexes. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reinald Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Regina Suxdorf
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Westerhausen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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2
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NMR spectroscopic study of the adduct formation and reactivity of homoleptic rare earth amides with alkali metal benzyl compounds, and the crystal structures of [Li(TMEDA)2][Nd{N(SiMe3)2}3(CH2Ph)] and [{Li(TMP)}2{Li(Ph)}]2. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Hernán-Gómez A, Herd E, Uzelac M, Cadenbach T, Kennedy AR, Borilovic I, Aromı́ G, Hevia E. Zincate-Mediated Arylation Reactions of Acridine: Pre- and Postarylation Structural Insights. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om501251q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Emma Herd
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Thomas Cadenbach
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, U.K. G1 1XL
| | - Ivana Borilovic
- Departament
de Quı́mica Inorgànica and Institut de Nanociència
i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guillem Aromı́
- Departament
de Quı́mica Inorgànica and Institut de Nanociència
i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM,
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, U.K. G1 1XL
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4
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Förster C, Heinze K. The Crystal Structure of the THF Adduct of Monolithioferrocene. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201400548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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5
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Su C, Hopson R, Williard PG. Influence of Steric Factors on Chiral Lithium Amide Aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3246-55. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4123957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chicheung Su
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 United States
| | - Russell Hopson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 United States
| | - Paul G. Williard
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02912 United States
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6
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Eckert PK, Schnura B, Strohmann C. Unexpected structural motifs in diamine coordination compounds with allyllithium. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2532-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48873j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prisca K Eckert
- TU Dortmund, Anorganische Chemie, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44149 Dortmund, Germany.
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7
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Unkelbach C, O'Shea DF, Strohmann C. Insights into the metalation of benzene and toluene by Schlosser's base: a superbasic cluster comprising PhK, PhLi, and tBuOLi. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:553-6. [PMID: 24273149 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201306884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The metalation of benzene by Schlosser's base (nBuLi/tBuOK) occurs smoothly in THF at low temperatures to afford a discrete mixed-metal Li2 K4 cluster that contains phenyl anions and tert-butoxide. The aggregate itself exhibits superbasic behavior by metalating toluene. The delocalized benzyl anion obtained this way π bonds to potassium counterions, thereby creating a 2D coordination polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Unkelbach
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany)
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8
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Unkelbach C, O'Shea DF, Strohmann C. Zur Metallierung von Benzol und Toluol durch die Schlosser-Base: ein superbasischer Li2K4-Cluster unter Beteiligung von PhK, PhLi undtBuOLi. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201306884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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9
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Su C, Hopson R, Williard PG. Mixed aggregates of an alkyl lithium reagent and a chiral lithium amide derived from N-ethyl-O-triisopropylsilyl valinol. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14367-79. [PMID: 23980610 DOI: 10.1021/ja406912h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of a mixed aggregate containing lithiated (S)-N-ethyl-3-methyl-1-(triisopropylsilyloxy)butan-2-amine derived from (S)-valinol and cyclopentyllithium is determined by X-ray diffraction. The mixed aggregate adopts a ladder structure in the solid state. The ladder-type mixed aggregate is also the major species in a toluene-d8 solution containing an approximately 1:1 molar ratio of the lithiated chiral amide to cyclopentyllithium. A variety of NMR experiments including diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) with diffusion coefficient-formula (D-FW) weight correlation analyses and other one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques allowed us to characterize the complex in solution. Solution state structures of the mixed aggregates of n-butyl, sec-butyllithium, isopropyllithium with lithiated (S)-N-ethyl-3-methyl-1-(triisopropylsilyloxy)butan-2-amine are also reported. Identical dimeric, ladder-type, mixed aggregates are the major species at a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 lithium chiral amide to alkyllithium in toluene-d8 solution for all of the different alkyllithium reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chicheung Su
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , 324 Brook Street,Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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10
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Harrison-Marchand A, Mongin F. Mixed AggregAte (MAA): A Single Concept for All Dipolar Organometallic Aggregates. 1. Structural Data. Chem Rev 2013; 113:7470-562. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300295w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Harrison-Marchand
- Laboratoire COBRA de l′Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014 & FR 3038, IRCOF, Rue Tesnière, 76821 Mont St Aignan Cédex, France
| | - Florence Mongin
- Équipe Chimie et Photonique Moléculaires, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Bâtiment 10A, case 1003, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cédex, France
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11
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Götz K, Gessner VH, Unkelbach C, Kaupp M, Strohmann C. Understanding Structure Formation in Organolithium Compounds: An Experimental and Quantum-Chemical Approach. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201200495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Eckert PK, Gessner VH, Knorr M, Strohmann C. Formation of specific configurations at stereogenic nitrogen centers upon their coordination to zinc and mercury. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:8516-23. [PMID: 22831898 DOI: 10.1021/ic301089h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The coordination of (R,R)-tetramethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine derivatives with stereogenic nitrogen centers to zinc and mercury halides is investigated. It is shown that the resulting complexes display one specific configuration at the stereogenic nitrogen centers. This fact is unusual due to the fast inversion of nitrogen centers but highly desirable as the stereoinformation of the ligands is brought closer to the metal centers of the potential catalysts. A combination of NMR studies and quantum chemical calculations gives insight into the selective formation of one specific configuration at the stereogenic nitrogen centers of the zinc complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca K Eckert
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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13
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Theoretical and spectroscopic studies on the conformational equilibrium of 9-oxabispidines in solution. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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15
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Gessner VH, Koller SG, Strohmann C, Hogan AM, O'Shea DF. Mechanistic insight into stereoselective carbolithiation. Chemistry 2011; 17:2996-3004. [PMID: 21294193 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This article addresses the mechanistic features of asymmetric carbolithiation of β-methylstyrenes. While often the presence of functional groups is required to obtain high enantioselectivities in carbolithiation reactions, simple β-methylstyrene also gives high selectivities in (-)-sparteine-mediated addition of alkyl lithium compounds. Computational studies on the carbolithiation of β-methylstyrene with (-)-sparteine show that the observed selectivities are the result of repulsion effects in the diastereomeric transition states between the (-)-sparteine⋅alkyl lithium adduct and the β-methylstyrene, upon approximation of the two reactants. In contrast, for the ortho-amino β-methylstyrene (E)-benzyl(2-propenylphenyl)amine (4) X-ray structure analyses of intermediate lithium amides indicate a carbolithiation mechanism in which one side of the double bond is shielded by the amide moiety, leaving only one side free for approach of the chiral alkyl lithium adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H Gessner
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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16
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García-Álvarez P, Kennedy AR, O'Hara CT, Reilly K, Robertson GM. Synthesis and structural chemistry of alkali metal tris(HMDS) magnesiates containing chiral diamine donor ligands. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:5332-41. [PMID: 21455502 DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10058k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García-Álvarez
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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17
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Gessner VH, Fröhlich B, Strohmann C. α‐Lithiated (
R
,
R
)‐TMCDA as an Efficient Building Block for the Preparation of Chiral N,N,O Ligands by Asymmetric 1,2‐Addition. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H. Gessner
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Fax: +49‐231‐755‐7062
| | - Benjamin Fröhlich
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Fax: +49‐231‐755‐7062
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, Fax: +49‐231‐755‐7062
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18
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Bauer JO, Stiller J, Marqués‐López E, Strohfeldt K, Christmann M, Strohmann C. Silyl‐Modified Analogues of 2‐Tritylpyrrolidine: Synthesis and Applications in Asymmetric Organocatalysis. Chemistry 2010; 16:12553-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201002166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan O. Bauer
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany), Fax: (+49) 231‐755‐7062
| | - Julian Stiller
- Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany), Fax: (+49) 231‐755‐5363
| | - Eugenia Marqués‐López
- Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany), Fax: (+49) 231‐755‐5363
| | - Katja Strohfeldt
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany), Fax: (+49) 231‐755‐7062
| | - Mathias Christmann
- Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany), Fax: (+49) 231‐755‐5363
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto‐Hahn‐Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund (Germany), Fax: (+49) 231‐755‐7062
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19
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Gammon JJ, Gessner VH, Barker GR, Granander J, Whitwood AC, Strohmann C, O’Brien P, Kelly B. Synthesis of P-Stereogenic Compounds via Kinetic Deprotonation and Dynamic Thermodynamic Resolution of Phosphine Sulfides: Opposite Sense of Induction Using (−)-Sparteine. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:13922-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1060966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Gammon
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Greg R. Barker
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Johan Granander
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Adrian C. Whitwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Peter O’Brien
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brian Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K., Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany, and Celtic Catalysts Ltd., Nova Centre, Belfield Innovation Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
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20
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Kamps I, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. A Chain Aggregate of Methyllithium Tetramers. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om1003804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Kamps
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 15, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Fax:
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 15, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Fax:
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 15, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Fax:
| | - Norbert W. Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 15, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany. Fax:
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21
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Kizirian J. Mechanism and Stereochemical Features in Asymmetric Deprotonation Using RLi/(–)‐Sparteine Bases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/9783906390628.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Fernández I, Oña-Burgos P, Oliva JM, Ortiz FL. Solution and Computed Structure of o-Lithium N,N-Diisopropyl-P,P-diphenylphosphinic Amide. Unprecedented Li−O−Li−O Self-Assembly of an Aryllithium. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5193-204. [DOI: 10.1021/ja910556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernández
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain, and Instituto de Química-Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pascual Oña-Burgos
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain, and Instituto de Química-Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M. Oliva
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain, and Instituto de Química-Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando López Ortiz
- Área de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Almería, Crta. Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain, and Instituto de Química-Física “Rocasolano”, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid, Spain
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23
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Gessner VH, Strohmann C. Lithiation of Diamine Ligands to Chiral Building Blocks: Syntheses, Selectivities, and Lithiated Intermediates. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om100035g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H. Gessner
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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24
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De Vries TS, Goswami A, Liou LR, Gruver JM, Jayne E, Collum DB. Lithium phenolates solvated by tetrahydrofuran and 1,2-dimethoxyethane: structure determination using the method of continuous variation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:13142-54. [PMID: 19702308 PMCID: PMC2752606 DOI: 10.1021/ja9047784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The method of continuous variation in conjunction with (6)Li NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize lithium phenolates solvated by tetrahydrofuran and 1,2-dimethoxyethane. The strategy relies on the formation of ensembles of homo- and heteroaggregated phenolates. The symmetries and concentration dependencies of the heteroaggregates attest to the aggregation numbers of the homoaggregates. The structurally diverse phenols afford substrate- and solvent-dependent combinations of lithium phenolate monomers, dimers, trimers, tetramers, and pentamers. We discuss the refinement of protocols for characterizing O-lithiated species. Computational studies examine further the substituent and solvent dependencies of aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S De Vries
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, USA
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25
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Dedieu A, Mota AJ. Pd/X group interchange in the [Pd(Br)(PH3)(C6H5)(C6H5X)] system — Theoretical insights from the isolobal analogy perspective. CAN J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/v09-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DFT-B3LYP calculations have been carried out to assess the fate of the Pd/X group intermolecular exchange in the [PdBr(PH3)(C6H5)(C6H5X)] system, where X is either H, an electropositive atom, or a group such as Li, Na, BH2, AlH2, BeH or BeCH3, and an electronegative atom, or a group such as F, Cl, Br, CH3, OH, and SH. The transfer of H is best viewed as involving the migration of a proton between the two phenyls. At variance with this result, the transfer of the more electropositive entities such as X = Li, Na, BH2, AlH2, BeH, or BeCH3 is not complete. It stops halfway to yield a stable structure in which X can experience interactions with the two phenyl groups that are quite ionic. These stable structures are rationalized through isolobal analogy arguments. In the case of beryllium, the correspondence has been made also with the experimentally known cyclopentadienylberyllium borohydride system, CpBeH4. The results of the DFT geometry optimization call for a re-examination of the gas-phase electron-diffraction structure determination, especially for the bond distances and angles that pertain to the two bridging hydrogens. For the halogen series X = F, Cl, or Br and for the electronegative groups CH3, OH, or SH, the transfer between the two phenyls takes place via a two-step Pd(II)/Pd(IV) oxidative addition/reductive elimination mechanism. The associated energy barriers are nevertheless quite high, except for Br and SH for which the process might be feasible. The dimerization of the PdBr(PH3)(C6H5) system is also analyzed within the isolobal analogy framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Dedieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS/ULP, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Mota
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS/ULP, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Strohmann C, Gessner V. A Precoordination Complex of 1,2,3-Trimethyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane withtert-Butyllithium as Key Intermediate in Its Methylene Group Deprotonation. Chem Asian J 2008; 3:1929-34. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200800213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Gessner VH, Strohmann C. Lithiation of TMEDA and its Higher Homologous TEEDA: Understanding Observed α- and β-Deprotonation. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:14412-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja8058205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria H. Gessner
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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28
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Strohmann C, Gessner VH. Crystal structures of n-BuLi adducts with (R,R)-TMCDA and the consequences for the deprotonation of benzene. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:11719-25. [PMID: 18686951 DOI: 10.1021/ja8017187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Combinations of organolithium compounds and diamine bases have become a powerful tool in synthetic chemistry. Because of the structure-reactivity relationship, the elucidation of reaction mechanisms of these reagents is strongly connected with the structural determination of intermediate species. In mixtures of the diamine TMCDA (N,N,N',N'-tetramethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine) and n-butyllithium, two different structures, the dimeric [n-BuLi x (R,R)-TMCDA]2 and the aggregate [(n-BuLi)2 x (R,R)-TMCDA]2, can be isolated, depending on the n-BuLi/TMCDA ratio. Thereby, [(n-BuLi)2 x (R,R)-TMCDA]2 is a rare example of an organolithium compound with a ladder arrangement of the central four-membered Li-C-Li-C rings. Two isomers of the ladder structure are formed in the crystal by changing from the enantiomerically pure to racemic TMCDA. As n-BuLi/TMCDA mixtures are also able to deprotonate benzene, these structures give hint to possible mechanisms. Supported by theoretical studies, transition states based on the dimer, the ladder structure, and a hypothetical monomer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Strohmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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29
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Ott H, Däschlein C, Leusser D, Schildbach D, Seibel T, Stalke D, Strohmann C. Structure/Reactivity Studies on an α-Lithiated Benzylsilane: Chemical Interpretation of Experimental Charge Density. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:11901-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ja711104q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Ott
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Däschlein
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Leusser
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schildbach
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Timo Seibel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Strohmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Tatic
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen (Germany), Fax: +49‐551‐39‐3459
| | - Holger Ott
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen (Germany), Fax: +49‐551‐39‐3459
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen (Germany), Fax: +49‐551‐39‐3459
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31
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Strohmann C, Gessner VH, Damme A, Koller S, Däschlein C. (1R,2R)-N,N'-Dimethyl-cyclo-hexane-1,2-diamine. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2008; 64:o687. [PMID: 21202079 PMCID: PMC2960996 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808006119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The molecule of the title compound, C8H18N2, possesses C2 symmetry. Owing to its stereochemistry, it is used in the synthesis of chiral ligands and metal complexes for asymmetric synthesis. The cyclohexane ring shows a chair conformation with the amino groups in equatorial positions. Contrary to the literature, the title compound is not a liquid, but a crystalline solid at room temperature (293 K). The absolute configuration is assigned from the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Strohmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Michael
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, South Africa.
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Strohmann C, Gessner VH, Damme A. Isopropyllithium diamine adducts: from a non symmetric aggregate to monomeric i-PrLi·(1R,2R)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:3381-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b804855j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Kizirian
- Laboratoire SPOT, EA 3857, Université François Rabelais, Sciences et Techniques, Batiment J, Parc de Grandmont, 37200, Tours, France.
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35
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Strohmann C, Gessner VH. From MonomerictBuLi⋅(R,R)-TMCDA to α-Lithiated (R,R)-TMCDA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:8281-3. [PMID: 17899584 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200702116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Strohmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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36
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Strohmann C, Gessner V. Von monomeremtBuLi⋅(R,R)-TMCDA zu α-lithiiertem (R,R)-TMCDA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200702116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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[{(C7H7LiO)6(thf)2(μ-diglyme-κO,κO′)}Li2O]: aμ6-O2– Ion Encapsulating Aryllithium Compound. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200700167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Strohmann C, Gessner VH. Crystal Structures of the Chiral Diamine (R,R)-TMCDA with the Commonly Used Alkyllithium Bases Methyllithium, iso-Propyllithium, and sec-Butyllithium. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:8952-3. [PMID: 17595089 DOI: 10.1021/ja072970t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Strohmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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39
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Strohmann C, Gessner V. Vom Alkyllithiumaggregat [{(nBuLi)2⋅PMDTA}2] zu lithiiertem PMDTA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200605105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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40
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Strohmann C, Gessner VH. From the Alkyllithium Aggregate [{(nBuLi)2⋅PMDTA}2] to Lithiated PMDTA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:4566-9. [PMID: 17486553 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200605105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Strohmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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41
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Sott R, Håkansson M, Hilmersson G. Studies of Complexes between Phenyllithium and (−)-Sparteine in Ether Solutions. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om050872f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sott
- Department of Chemistry, Göteborg University, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Håkansson
- Department of Chemistry, Göteborg University, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Göran Hilmersson
- Department of Chemistry, Göteborg University, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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