1
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Hadlington TJ. Heavier group 14-transition metal π-complex congeners. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:9718-9737. [PMID: 39189619 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00497c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Since the dawn of organometallic chemistry, transition metal complexes of unsaturated organic molecules, namely π-complexes, have remained a central focus: our thorough understanding of the electronic nature of such species, and their importance in countless reactive processes continues to drive research in their synthesis and utilisation. Since the late 1900s, research regarding the related chemistry for the heavier group 14 elements has become increasingly more fervent. Today, heavier congeners of a vast array of classical π-complexes have been realised, from alkene to arene systems, involving Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb. This has given deeper insights into the bonding observed for these heavier elements, which typically involves a lessened degree of π-bonding and an increased polarisation. This review aims to summarise this field, identifying these disparities, and highlighting areas which we believe may be exciting for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrance J Hadlington
- Fakultät für Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany.
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2
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Siwatch RK, Yang MC, Su MD, So CW. A Digermanium(III) 1,2-Dication Stabilized by Amidinate and cAAC-Phosphinidenide Ligands. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8511-8515. [PMID: 38687917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
A digermanium(III) 1,2-dication comprises two cationic centers located at two interconnected Ge atoms. The strong Coulombic repulsion between two positively charged germanium cations hinders their bond formation. Balancing these two oppositions was achieved by using amidinate and cyclic (alkyl)amino carbene (cAAC)-phosphinidenide ligands, where an amidinato cAAC-phosphinidenidogermylene complex, [LGeP(cAACMe)] (2, where L = PhC(NtBu)2, cAACMe = :C{C(Me)2CH2C(Me)2NAr}, and Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3), underwent one-electron oxidation with a bis(phosphinidene) radical cation, [(cAACMe)P]2•+, to form a digermanium(III) 1,2-dication, [LGeP(cAACMe)]22+, in compound 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar Siwatch
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Ming-Chung Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheuk-Wai So
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371 Singapore
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3
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Kimmich R, Kern RH, Strienz M, Koldemir A, Eichele K, Pöttgen R, Wesemann L, Schnepf A. Synthesis and Investigation of a Soluble Distannene with no Trans-Bent Angle or Twisting in the Solid-State. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400209. [PMID: 38362851 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
By treating KSiiPr3 with Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2 the distannene Sn2(TIPS)4 (TIPS=SiiPr3) is formed in a metathesis reaction. The crystal structure analysis of Sn2(TIPS)4 reveals a planar arrangement of the substituents in the solid-state and hence the second planar alkene like distannene of its kind. Due to the TIPS substituents, Sn2(TIPS)4 is well soluble in all commonly used organic solvents, opening the door for various analytics and reactivity studies. Due to its stability in solution, various reactions can be performed such as cycloaddition reactions with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene (DMBD) and TMS-azide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kimmich
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralf H Kern
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Strienz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aylin Koldemir
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149, Münster
| | - Klaus Eichele
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rainer Pöttgen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 30, D-48149, Münster
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schnepf
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Zaitsev KV, Poleshchuk OK, Churakov AV. Oligoorganogermanes: Interplay between Aryl and Trimethylsilyl Substituents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072147. [PMID: 35408545 PMCID: PMC9000802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of main group elements containing element-element bonds are characterized by unique properties due to σ-conjugation, which is an attractive subject for investigation. A novel series of digermanes, Ar3Ge-Ge(SiMe3)3, containing aryl (Ar = p-C6H4Me (1), p-C6H4F (2), C6F5 (3)) and trimethylsilyl substituents, was synthesized by the reaction of germyl potassium salt, [(Me3Si)3GeK*THF], with triarylchlorogermanes, Ar3GeCl. The optical and electronic properties of such substituted oligoorganogermanes were investigated spectroscopically by UV/vis absorption spectroscopy and theoretically by DFT calculations. The molecular structures of compounds 1 and 2 were studied by XRD analysis. Conjugation between all structural fragments (Ge-Ge, Ge-Si, Ge-Ar, where Ar is an electron-donating or withdrawing group) was found to affect the properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospekt 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-939-3887
| | - Oleg Kh. Poleshchuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, National Research Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
- Department of Chemistry, Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Kievskaya Street 60, 634061 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Churakov
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospekt 31, 117901 Moscow, Russia;
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5
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Bashkurov R, Kratish Y, Fridman N, Bravo-Zhivotovskii D, Apeloig Y. A High Yield Synthesis of an Octastannacubane and a Bis(silyl) Stannylene via Reductive Elimination of a Silane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2898-2902. [PMID: 33142030 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Thermolysis of tris(silyl) tin hydride 2 at 70 °C for 3 hours results in elimination of tBu2 MeSiH and generation of bis(silyl) stannylene 3 which dimerizes instantaneously yielding distannene 4. Compound 3 can be trapped by NHCMe yielding stannylene-NHCMe complex 5. Upon heating (70 °C, 24 h) 4 yields stannyl radical 8 along with pentastannatricyclo[2.1.0.02, 5 ]pentane 10 (ca. 30 %) and traces (ca. 5 %) of the novel octastannacubane 9. Remarkably, octastannacubane 9 is produced in 70 % yield by mild heating (50 °C) of 1,1,2,2-tetrasilyldistannane 11, along with tBu2 MeSiH. Octastannacubane 9 was characterized by X-ray crystallography, NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Based on DFT quantum-mechanical calculations the 11 → 9 transformation occurs via reductive elimination of two tBu2 MeSiH molecules from 11 yielding a distannyne, (or its bis-stannylene isomer), followed by its tetramerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bashkurov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Yosi Kratish
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | | | - Yitzhak Apeloig
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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6
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A High Yield Synthesis of an Octastannacubane and a Bis(silyl) Stannylene via Reductive Elimination of a Silane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Poitiers NE, Giarrana L, Leszczyńska KI, Huch V, Zimmer M, Scheschkewitz D. Indirekte und direkte Anknüpfung von Übergangsmetallen an Silicoide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine E. Poitiers
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Luisa Giarrana
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Kinga I. Leszczyńska
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry Saarland University Campus Saarbrücken C4.1 66123 Saarbrücken Deutschland
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8
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Poitiers NE, Giarrana L, Leszczyńska KI, Huch V, Zimmer M, Scheschkewitz D. Indirect and Direct Grafting of Transition Metals to Siliconoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8532-8536. [PMID: 32092221 PMCID: PMC7317502 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated charge‐neutral silicon clusters (siliconoids) are important as gas‐phase intermediates between molecules and the elemental bulk. With stable zirconocene‐ and hafnocene‐substituted derivatives, we here report the first examples containing directly bonded transition‐metal fragments that are readily accessible from the ligato‐lithiated Si6 siliconoid (1Li) and Cp2MCl2 (M=Zr, Hf). Charge‐neutral siliconoid ligands with pending tetrylene functionality were prepared by the reaction of amidinato chloro tetrylenes [PhC(NtBu)2]ECl (E=Si, Ge, Sn) with 1Li, thus confirming the principal compatibility of such low‐valent functionalities with the unsaturated Si6 cluster scaffold. The pronounced donor properties of the tetrylene/siliconoid hybrids allow for their coordination to the Fe(CO)4 fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine E Poitiers
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Luisa Giarrana
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Kinga I Leszczyńska
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Volker Huch
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Michael Zimmer
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - David Scheschkewitz
- Krupp-Chair of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken C4.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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9
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Qin Y, Zheng G, Guo Y, Gao F, Ma J, Sun W, Xie G, Chen S, Wang Y, Sun H, Li A, Wang W. A Silylene–Germylene Molecule Containing a Si
I
−Ge
I
Single Bond. Chemistry 2020; 26:6122-6125. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Qin
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Gang Zheng
- Gaoxin No. 1 High School Xi'an 710065 P. R. China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Jiani Ma
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Gang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Sanping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Yaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Huaming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710199 P. R. China
| | - Anyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
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10
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Chapple PM, Kahlal S, Cartron J, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Cordier M, Saillard J, Carpentier J, Sarazin Y. Bis(imino)carbazolate: A Master Key for Barium Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yann Sarazin
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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11
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Chapple PM, Kahlal S, Cartron J, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Cordier M, Saillard J, Carpentier J, Sarazin Y. Bis(imino)carbazolate: A Master Key for Barium Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9120-9126. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yann Sarazin
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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12
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Zaitsev KV, Lam K, Poleshchuk OK, Kuz'mina LG, Churakov AV. Oligothienyl catenated germanes and silanes: synthesis, structure, and properties. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:5431-5444. [PMID: 29594275 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00256h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of two new groups of oligothienyl catenated silanes and germanes, Me5M2Thn (1a-b), Me5M2ThnM2Me5 (2a-c) (terminal), and ThnM2Me4Thn (3a-d) (internal) (M = Si, Ge; n = 2, 3; Th = 2- or 2,5-thienyl), is reported. The study of their structural parameters as well as of their spectral (NMR), electrochemical (CV) and optical (UV/vis absorbance, luminescence) properties has been performed in detail; in addition, the unexpected compound [Th2Si2Me4Th]2 (3a') is also studied. Theoretical investigations have been performed for model compounds in order to establish structure-property relationships. The molecular structures of 2a (Me5Si2Th2Si2Me5), 2b (Me5Ge2Th2Ge2Me5), 3a (Th2Si2Me4Th2) and 3b (Th2Ge2Me4Th2) have been investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. An effective conjugation with flattening of both Th planes in terminal 2a and 2b was observed. The main trends in the dependence of the optical and electrochemical properties on the structural parameters have been established. All of the compounds studied exhibit a strong emission within the 378-563 nm range, and the maximal quantum yield (up to 77%) is observed for the Si derivative 3a'. For the majority of the compounds, the quantum yields (20-30%) are significantly larger than for 2,2'-bi- and 2,2':5',5''-terthiophenes. Due to their good emission properties, these compounds could be used to develop new materials with specific spectral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, 3, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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13
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Stella F, Marschner C, Baumgartner J. Incorporating Methyl and Phenyl Substituted Stannylene Units into Oligosilanes. The Influence on Optical Absorption Properties. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122212. [PMID: 29231894 PMCID: PMC6149905 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecules containing catenated heavy group 14 atoms are known to exhibit the interesting property of σ-bond electron delocalization. While this is well studied for oligo- and polysilanes the current paper addresses the UV-absorption properties of small tin containing oligosilanes in order to evaluate the effects of Sn–Si and Sn–Sn bonds as well as the results of substituent exchange from methyl to phenyl groups. The new stannasilanes were compared to previously investigated oligosilanes of equal chain lengths and substituent pattern. Replacing the central SiMe2 group in a pentasilane by a SnMe2 unit caused a bathochromic shift of the low-energy band (λmax = 260 nm) of 14 nm in the UV spectrum. If, instead of a SnMe2, a SnPh2 unit is incorporated, the bathochromic shift of 33 nm is substantially larger. Keeping the SnMe2 unit and replacing the two central silicon with tin atoms causes shift of the respective band (λ = 286 nm) some 26 nm to the red. A similar approach for hexasilanes where the model oligosilane [(Me3Si)3Si]2(SiMe2)2 (λmax = 253 nm) was modified in a way that the central tetramethyldisilanylene unit was exchanged for a tetraphenyldistannanylene caused a 50 nm bathochromic shift to a low-energy band with λmax = 303 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Stella
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institute for Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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14
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Walewska M, Hlina J, Gaderbauer W, Wagner H, Baumgartner J, Marschner C. NHC Adducts of Disilylated Germylenes and Stannylenes and Their Coordination Chemistry with Group 11 Metals. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Walewska
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Johann Hlina
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Walter Gaderbauer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Harald Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institut für Chemie; Karl Franzens Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
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15
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Hlina J, Stella F, Aghazadeh Meshgi M, Marschner C, Baumgartner J. σ-Bond Electron Delocalization in Oligosilanes as Function of Substitution Pattern, Chain Length, and Spatial Orientation. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081079. [PMID: 27548126 PMCID: PMC6273834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysilanes are known to exhibit the interesting property of σ-bond electron delocalization. By employing optical spectroscopy (UV-vis), it is possible to judge the degree of delocalization and also differentiate parts of the molecules which are conjugated or not. The current study compares oligosilanes of similar chain length but different substitution pattern. The size of the substituents determines the spatial orientation of the main chain and also controls the conformational flexibility. The chemical nature of the substituents affects the orbital energies of the molecules and thus the positions of the absorption bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Hlina
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Filippo Stella
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Mohammad Aghazadeh Meshgi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institut für Chemie, Karl Franzens Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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16
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Ishida S, Iwamoto T. Recent advances in η2-disilene and η2-disilyne mononuclear transition metal complexes and related compounds. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Zaitsev KV, Lermontova EK, Churakov AV, Tafeenko VA, Tarasevich BN, Poleshchuk OK, Kharcheva AV, Magdesieva TV, Nikitin OM, Zaitseva GS, Karlov SS. Compounds of Group 14 Elements with an Element–Element (E = Si, Ge, Sn) Bond: Effect of the Nature of the Element Atom. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om501293t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Zaitsev
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elmira Kh. Lermontova
- N. S. Kurnakov General and Inorganic Chemistry Institute,Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii
Pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Churakov
- N. S. Kurnakov General and Inorganic Chemistry Institute,Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii
Pr., 31, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Viktor A. Tafeenko
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Boris N. Tarasevich
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg Kh. Poleshchuk
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Av., 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Kievskaya Str., 60, Tomsk 634061, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Kharcheva
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Magdesieva
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Oleg M. Nikitin
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Science, Vavilova
Str. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Galina S. Zaitseva
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Karlov
- Department
of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory, 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Zaitsev KV, Kapranov AA, Churakov AV, Poleshchuk OK, Oprunenko YF, Tarasevich BN, Zaitseva GS, Karlov SS. “Donor–Acceptor” Oligogermanes: Synthesis, Structure, and Electronic Properties. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om4008218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Kapranov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrei V. Churakov
- Russian Academy of Sciences, N.S. Kurnakov General and Inorganic Chemistry Institute, Leninskii
pr., 31, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Kh. Poleshchuk
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Av., 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Kievskaya Str., 60, Tomsk 634061, Russia
| | - Yuri F. Oprunenko
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Boris N. Tarasevich
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Galina S. Zaitseva
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Karlov
- Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskye Gory 1, Moscow 119991, Russia
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19
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Padělková Z, Švec P, Pejchal V, Růžička A. Activation of E–Cl bonds (E = C, Si, Ge and Sn) by a C,N-chelated stannylene. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:7660-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50278c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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21
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Samanamu CR, Amadoruge ML, Schrick AC, Chen C, Golen JA, Rheingold AL, Materer NF, Weinert CS. Synthetic, Structural, and Physical Investigations of the Large Linear and Branched Oligogermanes Ph3GeGePh2GePh2GePh2H, Ge5Ph12, and (Ph3Ge)4Ge. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300385n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian R. Samanamu
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Monika L. Amadoruge
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Aaron C. Schrick
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093-0358, United States
| | - James A. Golen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093-0358, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth,
Massachusetts 02747, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
92093-0358, United States
| | - Nicholas F. Materer
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Charles S. Weinert
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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22
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Zaitsev KV, Kapranov AA, Oprunenko YF, Churakov AV, Howard JA, Tarasevich BN, Karlov SS, Zaitseva GS. Reaction of germanes and digermanes with triflic acid: The route to novel organooligogermanes. J Organomet Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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23
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Wallner A, Hlina J, Wagner H, Baumgartner J, Marschner C. Conformational Control of Polysilanes: Use of CH(2) Spacers in the Silicon Backbone. Organometallics 2011; 30:3930-3938. [PMID: 21818170 PMCID: PMC3148124 DOI: 10.1021/om1011159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
By the reaction of a number of oligosilyl potassium compounds with (trimethylsilyl)chloromethane, derivatives containing the (trimethylsilyl)methyl substituent were prepared. Using X-ray single-crystal structure analysis and UV spectroscopy the conformational properties of some of the compounds were studied. It was found that the (trimethylsilyl)methylated examples exhibit UV absorption properties which correspond to lower energy transitions in comparison to those of analogous trimethylsilylated molecules. The influence of this effect decreases, however, with increasing chain lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wallner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johann Hlina
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Hlina
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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25
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Structural, spectral, and electrochemical investigations of para-tolyl-substituted oligogermanes. J Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Abersfelder K, Nguyen TL, Scheschkewitz D. Stannyl-substituted Disilenes and a Disilastannirane. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.200900234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Zirngast M, Flock M, Baumgartner J, Marschner C. Group 4 Metallocene Complexes of Disilenes, Digermenes, and a Silagermene. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:15952-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ja905654r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Zirngast
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michaela Flock
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Judith Baumgartner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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28
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Tice JB, Chizmeshya AVG, Groy TL, Kouvetakis J. Synthesis and Fundamental Properties of Stable Ph3SnSiH3 and Ph3SnGeH3 Hydrides: Model Compounds for the Design of Si−Ge−Sn Photonic Alloys. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:6314-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ic900612s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse B. Tice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287
| | | | - Thomas L. Groy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287
| | - John Kouvetakis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287
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29
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Amadoruge ML, Weinert CS. Singly bonded catenated germanes: eighty years of progress. Chem Rev 2008; 108:4253-94. [PMID: 18816144 DOI: 10.1021/cr800197r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika L Amadoruge
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
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30
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Strohmann C, Däschlein C. Synthesis of a Highly Enantiomerically Enriched Silagermane and Selective Cleavage of the Si−Ge Bond with Lithium. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om700848z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Strohmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Däschlein
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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