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Sim Y, Leon F, Hum G, Phang SJI, Ong HC, Ganguly R, Díaz J, Clegg JK, García F. Pre-arranged building block approach for the orthogonal synthesis of an unfolded tetrameric organic-inorganic phosphazane macrocycle. Commun Chem 2022; 5:59. [PMID: 36697579 PMCID: PMC9814789 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic macrocycles remain challenging synthetic targets due to the limited number of strategies reported for their syntheses. Among these species, large fully inorganic cyclodiphosphazane macrocycles have been experimentally and theoretically highlighted as promising candidates for supramolecular chemistry. In contrast, their hybrid organic-inorganic counterparts are lagging behind due to the lack of synthetic routes capable of controlling the size and topological arrangement (i.e., folded vs unfolded) of the target macrocycle, rendering the synthesis of differently sized macrocycles a tedious screening process. Herein, we report-as a proof-of-concept-the combination of pre-arranged building blocks and a two-step synthetic route to rationally enable access a large unfolded tetrameric macrocycle, which is not accessible via conventional synthetic strategies. The obtained macrocycle hybrid cyclodiphosphazane macrocycle, cis-[μ-P(μ-NtBu)]2(μ-p-OC6H4C(O)O)]4[μ-P(μ-NtBu)]2 (4), displays an unfolded open-face cavity area of 110.1 Å2. Preliminary theoretical host-guest studies with the dication [MeNC5H4]22+ suggest compound 4 as a viable candidate for the synthesis of hybrid proto-rotaxanes species based on phosphazane building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sim
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry. School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Felix Leon
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry. School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Gavin Hum
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry. School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Si Jia Isabel Phang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry. School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - How Chee Ong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry. School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry. School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
| | - Jesús Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Jack K Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Cooper Road, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, QLD, Australia.
| | - Felipe García
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry. School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Claveria 8, Oviedo, 33006, Asturias, Spain.
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Steller BG, Flock M, Fischer RC. From organotin hydrides to heteronuclear main group metal compounds: isolation of the first neutral bismuth/tin clusters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10095-10098. [PMID: 34518844 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02538d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
From conversions of Ar2SnH2 (Ar = Tripp, Dipp; Tripp = 2,4,6-Triisopropylphenyl, Dipp = 2,6-Diisopropylphenyl), and a bismuth(III) amide, Bi[N(SiMe3)2]3, we isolated the first representatives of mixed, uncharged Bi/Sn clusters, Bi8Sn3Ar6. Along with unprecedented bicyclo[2.2.0]hexanes, (HAr2Sn)2Sn2Bi4, these have been characterized by single crystal X-Ray diffraction, heteronuclear NMR, vibrational and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Quantum-chemical calculations were carried out in order to understand bonding within the isolated polyhedral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate G Steller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Michaela Flock
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Roland C Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, Graz 8010, Austria.
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Balmer M, Weigend F, von Hänisch C. Low‐Valent Group 14 NHC‐Stabilized Phosphinidenide ate Complexes and NHC‐Stabilized K/P‐Clusters. Chemistry 2019; 25:4914-4919. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Balmer
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, Marburg 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Institut für NanotechnologieKarlsruher Institut für Technologie Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Leopoldshafen-Eggenstein Germany
| | - Carsten von Hänisch
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für, MaterialwissenschaftenPhilipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, Marburg 35032 Marburg Germany
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Shi YX, Martin KA, Liang RZ, Star DG, Li Y, Ganguly R, Sim Y, Tan D, Díaz J, García F. Synthesis of Unique Phosphazane Macrocycles via Steric Activation of C-N Bonds. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:10993-11004. [PMID: 30125095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe that oxidation reactions of the dimeric cyclophosphazanes, [{P(μ-NR)}2(μ-NR)]2, R = tBu (1), to produce a series of diagonally dioxidized products P4(μ-N tBu)6E2 [E = O (2), S (3), and Se (4)] and tetraoxidized frameworks. The latter display an unexpected C-N bond activation and cleavage to produce a series of novel phosphazane macrocyclic arrangements containing newly formed N-H bonds. Macromolecules P4(μ-N tBu)4(μ-NH)2O4 (5) and P4(μ-N tBu)3(μ-NH)3E4, E = S (6) and Se (7), dicleaved and tricleaved products, respectively, are rare examples of dimeric macrocycles containing NH bridging groups. Our theoretical and experimental studies illustrate that the extent to which these C-N bonds are cleaved can be controlled by modification of steric parameters in their synthesis, by adjusting either the steric bulk of the substituents in the parent framework or the size of the chalcogen element introduced during the oxidation process. Our findings represent new synthetic pathways for the synthesis of otherwise-elusive macrocycle arrangements within the phosphazane family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan X Shi
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 Singapore
| | - Katherine A Martin
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 Singapore
| | - Rong Z Liang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 Singapore
| | - Daniel G Star
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 Singapore
| | - Ying Sim
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 Singapore
| | - Davin Tan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 Singapore
| | - Jesús Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Veterinaria , Universidad de Extremadura , Av. de la Universidad s/n , 10003 Caceres , Spain
| | - Felipe García
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , 637371 Singapore
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Niu HC, Plajer AJ, Garcia-Rodriguez R, Singh S, Wright DS. Designing the Macrocyclic Dimension in Main Group Chemistry. Chemistry 2018; 24:3073-3082. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Che Niu
- Chemistry Department, Lensfield Road; Cambridge University; Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Alex J. Plajer
- Chemistry Department, Lensfield Road; Cambridge University; Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Raul Garcia-Rodriguez
- GIR MIOMeT-IU Cinquima-Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Miguel, Delibes; Universidad de Valladolid; 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar; Mohali 140306, Punjab India
| | - Dominic S. Wright
- Chemistry Department, Lensfield Road; Cambridge University; Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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Jevtovikj I, Herrero R, Gómez-Ruiz S, Lönnecke P, Hey-Hawkins E. Facile One-Step Synthesis of MPHMes from MesPCl2 (M = Li, Na, K; Mes = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2). Inorg Chem 2013; 52:4488-93. [DOI: 10.1021/ic302759k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jevtovikj
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Leipzig,
Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rebeca Herrero
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Leipzig,
Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Leipzig,
Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Leipzig,
Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Leipzig,
Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Řezníček T, Dostál L, Růžička A, Jambor R. Diphosphastannylenes: Precursors for Phosphorus–Phosphorus Coupling? Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řezníček
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 65, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 65, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Růžička
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 65, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 65, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Izod K, Clark ER, Clegg W, Harrington RW. Hypervalent Sulfur-Functionalized Diphosphagermylene and Diphosphastannylene Compounds. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om2008327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Izod
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ewan R. Clark
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - William Clegg
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ross W. Harrington
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
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11
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Almstätter S, Balázs G, Bodensteiner M, Scheer M. Germanium/phosphorus cage compounds with germanium in three different oxidation states. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9998-10000. [PMID: 21833398 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13937a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel germanium/phosphorus cage compounds with new structural motifs have been synthesized containing germanium in three different oxidation states. The key to obtain this new class of compounds is the use of monolithiated primary phosphine LiHPtBu in the reaction with GeX(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Almstätter
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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12
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Wagner M, Dorogov K, Schürmann M, Jurkschat K. Intramolecularly coordinated heteroleptic organostannylene tungsten pentacarbonyl complexes 4-tBu-2,6-[P(O)(OiPr)2]2C6H2Sn(X)W(CO)5 (X = Cl, F, PPh2, PPh2[W(CO)5]). Syntheses and reactivity. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:8839-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10321k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Izod K, Stewart J, Clark ER, Clegg W, Harrington RW. Germanium(II) and tin(II) complexes of a sterically demanding phosphanide ligand. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:4698-707. [PMID: 20392059 DOI: 10.1021/ic1003534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between PhPCl(2) and 1 equiv of RLi, followed by in situ reduction with LiAlH(4) and an aqueous workup yields the secondary phosphane PhRPH [R = (Me(3)Si)(2)CH]. Treatment of PhRPH with n-BuLi in diethyl ether generates the lithium phosphanide (RPhP)Li(Et(2)O)(n) [15(Et(2)O)], which may be crystallized as the tetrahydrofuran (THF) adduct (RPhP)Li(THF)(3) [15(THF)]. Compound 15(Et(2)O) reacts with 1 equiv of either NaO-tBu or KO-tBu to give the corresponding sodium and potassium phosphanides (RPhP)Na(Et(2)O)(n) (16) and (RPhP)K(Et(2)O)(n) (17), which may be crystallized as the amine adducts [(RPhP)Na(tmeda)](2) [16(tmeda)] and [(RPhP)K(pmdeta)](2) [17(pmdeta)], respectively. The reaction between 2 equiv of 17 and GeCl(2)(1,4-dioxane) gives the dimeric compound [(RPhP)(2)Ge](2).Et(2)O (18.Et(2)O). In contrast, the reaction between 2 equiv of 15 and SnCl(2) preferentially gives the ate complex (RPhP)(3)SnLi(THF) (19) in low yield; 19 is obtained in quantitative yield from the reaction between SnCl(2) and 3 equiv of 15. Crystallization of 19 from n-hexane/THF yields the separated ion pair complex [(RPhP)(3)Sn][Li(THF)(4)] (19a); exposure of 19a to vacuum for short periods leads to complete conversion to 19. Treatment of GeCl(2)(1,4-dioxane) with 3 equiv of 15 yields the contact ion pair (RPhP)(3)GeLi(THF) (20), after crystallization from n-hexane/THF. Compounds 15(THF), 16(tmeda), 17(pmdeta), 18.Et(2)O, 19a, and 20 have been characterized by elemental analyses, multielement NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. While 15(THF) is monomeric, both 16(tmeda) and 17(pmdeta) are dimeric in the solid state. The diphosphagermylene 18.Et(2)O adopts a dimeric structure in the solid state with a syn,syn-arrangement of the phosphanide ligands, and this structure appears to be preserved in solution. The ate complex 19a crystallizes as a separated ion pair, whereas the analogous ate complex 20 crystallizes as a discrete molecular species. The structures of 19 and 20 are retained in non-donor solvents, while dissolution in THF yields the separated ion pairs 19a and [(RPhP)(3)Ge][Li(THF)(4)] (20a).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Izod
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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McPartlin M, Melen R, Naseri V, Wright D. Formation and Rearrangement of SnII Phosphanediide Cages. Chemistry 2010; 16:8854-60. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Izod K, Stewart J, Clegg W, Harrington RW. Synthesis, Structures, and Dynamic Behavior of Intramolecularly Base-Stabilized Diphosphatetrylenes Containing a Five-Membered Chelate Ring. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om900854m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Izod
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - John Stewart
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - William Clegg
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ross W. Harrington
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
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Izod K, Stewart J, Clark ER, McFarlane W, Allen B, Clegg W, Harrington RW. Dynamic Behavior of Intramolecularly Base-Stabilized Phosphatetrylenes. Insights into the Inversion Processes of Trigonal Pyramidal Geramanium(II) and Tin(II) Centers. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om8011757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Izod
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - John Stewart
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ewan R. Clark
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - William McFarlane
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ben Allen
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - William Clegg
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Ross W. Harrington
- Main Group Chemistry Laboratories, School of Chemistry, Bedson Building, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K
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Less RJ, Melen RL, Naseri V, Wright DS. Recent perspectives on main group-mediated dehydrocoupling of P–P bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4929-37. [DOI: 10.1039/b907823a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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