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Saima B, Khan N, Al-Faiyz YSS, Ludwig R, Rehman W, Habib-Ur-Rehman M, Sheikh NS, Ayub K. Photo-tunable linear and nonlinear optical response of cyclophanediene-dihydropyrene photoswitches. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 88:261-272. [PMID: 30780115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophanediene (CPD)-dihydropyrene (DHP) is a negative T-type photochrome pair having a thermodynamically stable colored form, i.e., DHP. Interconversion between cyclophanediene and dihydropyrene is associated with significant changes in dipole moment, absorption wavelength and polarizability, which can impart substantial linear and nonlinear optical response. In this study, phototunable linear and nonlinear optical response of cyclophanediene-dihdyropyrene photoswitches is described. Cyclophanedienes and dihydropyrenes are functionalized at the internal position for maximum changes in volume and polarizability. The UV-Vis spectra are calculated at ɷB97XD, which was validated through a benchmark approach. An excellent correlation is observed between theoretical and experimental absorption spectra. Several CPD-DHP pairs have been recognized for clean interconversion in UV-Vis light without formation of a photostationary state. Nonlinear optical response of dihydropyrenes is remarkably higher than that of cyclophanedienes. In general, the calculated hyperpolarizability values of dihydropyrenes are about two to three orders of magnitude higher than those for cyclophanedienes. The trends in calculated hyperpolarizabilities are rationalized through two level method. The high nonlinear optical response of dihydropyrenes stems from low excitation energies. The remarkable difference in hyperpolarizabilities of these isomeric forms paves path for the design of phototunable nonlinear optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Saima
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Yasair S S Al-Faiyz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059, Rostock, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e, V. Alebert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Mian Habib-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem S Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, 22060, Pakistan.
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Towards thermally stable cyclophanediene-dihydropyrene photoswitches. J Mol Model 2015; 21:148. [PMID: 25986774 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophanediene dihydropyrenes (CPD-DHP) are photochromic compounds because they change their color by irradiation with lights of different color. Potential use of CPD-DHP photoswitch in memory devices requires a very slow thermal return in the dark in the absence of any side reaction. Herein, thermal return of CPDs to DHPs, and an unwanted sigmatropic shift in DHP is studied through density functional theory calculations at (U)B3LYP/6-31+G(d). The thermal return occurs through symmetry forbidden conrotatory electrocyclic reaction. Dimethyl amino CPD-DHP photoswitch pair has the highest activation barrier for electrocyclization and sigmatropic shifts. The lowest activation barrier for symmetry forbidden electrocyclization is observed for GeBr3 functionalized CPD. An unprecedented decomposition pathway involving elimination of the internal substituents is predicted for Cl, Br and SMe functionalized DHPs. This study shows great promise in understanding the Woodward Hoffmann forbidden processes and, in reducing the synthetic efforts toward robust photochromes for memory applications.
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Muratsugu S, Kishida M, Sakamoto R, Nishihara H. Comparative Study of Photochromic Ferrocene‐Conjugated Dimethyldihydropyrene Derivatives. Chemistry 2013; 19:17314-27. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Muratsugu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐Ku, Tokyo 113‐0033 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 3‐5841‐8063
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo‐cho, Chikusa‐Ku, Nagoya 464‐8602 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 52‐788‐6200
| | - Masa‐aki Kishida
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐Ku, Tokyo 113‐0033 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 3‐5841‐8063
| | - Ryota Sakamoto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐Ku, Tokyo 113‐0033 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 3‐5841‐8063
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1, Hongo, Bunkyo‐Ku, Tokyo 113‐0033 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 3‐5841‐8063
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Zhang P, Berg DJ, Mitchell RH, Oliver A, Patrick B. Platinum Complexes of Alkynyl-Substituted Dimethyldihydropyrenes. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3007008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengrong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065,
Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3V6
| | - David J. Berg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065,
Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3V6
| | - Reginald H. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065,
Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3V6
| | - Allen Oliver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065,
Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3V6
| | - Brian Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065,
Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3V6
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Vilà N, Royal G, Loiseau F, Deronzier A. Photochromic and Redox Properties of Bisterpyridine Ruthenium Complexes Based on Dimethyldihydropyrene Units as Bridging Ligands. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:10581-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ic2003904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neus Vilà
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS-5250, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, FR CNRS-2607, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Guy Royal
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS-5250, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, FR CNRS-2607, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Frédérique Loiseau
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS-5250, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, FR CNRS-2607, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Alain Deronzier
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS-5250, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, FR CNRS-2607, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Edelmann FT. Lanthanides and actinides: Annual survey of their organometallic chemistry covering the year 2007. Coord Chem Rev 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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NMR spectroscopy applied to photochromism investigations. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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