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Pahar S, van Ingen Y, Babaahmadi R, Kariuki BM, Wirth T, Richards E, Melen RL. Diverse Reactivity of Amidinate-Supported Boron Centers with the Hypersilyl Anion and Access to a Monomeric Secondary Boron Hydride. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8302-8311. [PMID: 38652816 PMCID: PMC11080068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Diverse reactivity of the bulky tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl substituent [Si(SiMe3)3], also known as the hypersilyl group, was observed for amidinate-supported dichloro- and phenylchloroborane complexes. Treatment of the dichloroborane with potassium tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl led to the activation of the backbone β-carbon center and formation of saturated four-membered heterocyclic chloroboranes R'{Si(SiMe3)3}C(NR)2BCl [R' = Ph, R = Cy (3); R' = Ph, R = iPr (6); R' = tBu, R = Cy (8)], whereas the four-membered amidinate hypersilyl-substituted phenyl borane 4 {PhC(NCy)2B(Ph)[Si(SiMe3)3]} was observed for the case of an amidinate-supported phenylchloroborane. The highly deshielded 11B NMR spectroscopic resonance and the distinct difference in the 29Si NMR spectrum confirmed the presence of a σ-donating hypersilyl effect on compounds 3, 6, and 8. Reaction of 3 with the Lewis acid AlCl3 led to the formation of complex 11 in which an unusual cleavage of one of the C-N bonds of the amidinate backbone is observed. Nucleophilic substitution at the boron center of saturated chloroborane 3 with phenyllithium generated the phenylborane derivative 12, whereas the secondary monomeric boron hydride 13 was observed after treatment with alane (AlH3). All compounds (2-13) have been fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray structure determination studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Pahar
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Translational Research Hub, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Cymru/Wales, U.K.
| | - Yara van Ingen
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Translational Research Hub, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Cymru/Wales, U.K.
| | - Rasool Babaahmadi
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Translational Research Hub, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Cymru/Wales, U.K.
| | - Benson M. Kariuki
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K.
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K.
| | - Emma Richards
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Translational Research Hub, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Cymru/Wales, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, U.K.
| | - Rebecca L. Melen
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Translational Research Hub, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Cymru/Wales, U.K.
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Gour K, Bisai MK, Sen SS. Hypersilyl Substituent in Heavier Low‐valent Group 14 Chemistry. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Gour
- CSIR-NCL: National Chemical Laboratory CSIR Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis INDIA
| | - Milan Kumar Bisai
- CSIR-NCL: National Chemical Laboratory CSIR Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis INDIA
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- National Chemical Laboraotry Catalysis Division Dr. Homi Bhabha RoadPashan 411008 Pune INDIA
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3
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Pahar S, Sharma V, Tothadi S, Sen SS. Pyridylpyrrolido ligand in Ge(II) and Sn(II) chemistry: synthesis, reactivity and catalytic application. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16678-16684. [PMID: 34757370 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03136h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In our previous communication, we have reported the synthesis of a new chlorogermylene (B) featuring a pyridylpyrrolido ligand. This study details the preparation of a series of new germylenes and stannylenes starting from B. A transmetallation reaction between B and SnCl2 led to the analogous chlorostannylene (1) with the simultaneous elimination of GeCl2. This is a very unusual example of transmetallation between two elements of the same group. The preparation of 1via lithiation led to the formation of 2 as a side product, where the ortho C-H bond of the pyridine ring was activated and functionalized with a nBu moiety. Subsequently, B and 1 were used as precursors to generate germylene (4) and stannylene (5) featuring tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl (hypersilyl) moieties. We also prepared tetrafluoropyridyl germylene (6) by reacting 4 with C5F5N with the simultaneous elimination of (Me3Si)3SiF by utilizing the fluoride affinity of the silicon atom. As there is scarcity of Sn(II) compounds as single-site catalysts, we investigated 5 as a catalyst towards the hydroboration of aldehydes, ketones, alkenes and alkynes. All the compounds have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and by state of the art spectroscopic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjukta Pahar
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Srinu Tothadi
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sakya S Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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4
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Gendy C, Mikko Rautiainen J, Mailman A, Tuononen HM. Low-Valent Germanylidene Anions: Efficient Single-Site Nucleophiles for Activation of Small Molecules. Chemistry 2021; 27:14405-14409. [PMID: 34403540 PMCID: PMC8596740 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rare mononuclear and helical chain low-valent germanylidene anions supported by cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene and hypermetallyl ligands were synthesised by stepwise reduction from corresponding germylene precursors via stable and isolable germanium radicals. The electronic structures of the anions can be described with ylidene and ylidone resonance forms with the Ge-C π-electrons capable of binding even weak electrophiles. The germanylidene anions reacted with CO2 to give μ-CO2 -κC:κO complexes, a rare coordination mode for low-valent germanium and inaccessible for the related neutral germylones. These results implicate low-valent germanylidene anions as efficient single-site nucleophiles for activation of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Gendy
- Department of ChemistryNanoScience CentreUniversity of JyväskyläP.O. Box. 3540014JyväskyläFinland
| | - J. Mikko Rautiainen
- Department of ChemistryNanoScience CentreUniversity of JyväskyläP.O. Box. 3540014JyväskyläFinland
| | - Aaron Mailman
- Department of ChemistryNanoScience CentreUniversity of JyväskyläP.O. Box. 3540014JyväskyläFinland
| | - Heikki M. Tuononen
- Department of ChemistryNanoScience CentreUniversity of JyväskyläP.O. Box. 3540014JyväskyläFinland
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5
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Bisai MK, Ajithkumar VS, Gonnade RG, Sen SS. Access to a Variety of Ge(II) and Sn(II) Compounds through Substitution of Hypersilyl Moiety. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kumar Bisai
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - V. S. Ajithkumar
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Chapple PM, Cartron J, Hamdoun G, Kahlal S, Cordier M, Oulyadi H, Carpentier JF, Saillard JY, Sarazin Y. Metal-metal bonded alkaline-earth distannyls. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7098-7114. [PMID: 34123338 PMCID: PMC8153243 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00436k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The first families of alkaline-earth stannylides [Ae(SnPh3)2·(thf) x ] (Ae = Ca, x = 3, 1; Sr, x = 3, 2; Ba, x = 4, 3) and [Ae{Sn(SiMe3)3}2·(thf) x ] (Ae = Ca, x = 4, 4; Sr, x = 4, 5; Ba, x = 4, 6), where Ae is a large alkaline earth with direct Ae-Sn bonds, are presented. All complexes have been characterised by high-resolution solution NMR spectroscopy, including 119Sn NMR, and by X-ray diffraction crystallography. The molecular structures of [Ca(SnPh3)2·(thf)4] (1'), [Sr(SnPh3)2·(thf)4] (2'), [Ba(SnPh3)2·(thf)5] (3'), 4, 5 and [Ba{Sn(SiMe3)3}2·(thf)5] (6'), most of which crystallised as higher thf solvates than their parents 1-6, were established by XRD analysis; the experimentally determined Sn-Ae-Sn' angles lie in the range 158.10(3)-179.33(4)°. In a given series, the 119Sn NMR chemical shifts are slightly deshielded upon descending group 2 from Ca to Ba, while the silyl-substituted stannyls are much more shielded than the phenyl ones (δ 119Sn/ppm: 1', -133.4; 2', -123.6; 3', -95.5; 4, -856.8; 5, -848.2; 6', -792.7). The bonding and electronic properties of these complexes were also analysed by DFT calculations. The combined spectroscopic, crystallographic and computational analysis of these complexes provide some insight into the main features of these unique families of homoleptic complexes. A comprehensive DFT study (Wiberg bond index, QTAIM and energy decomposition analysis) points at a primarily ionic Ae-Sn bonding, with a small covalent contribution, in these series of complexes; the Sn-Ae-Sn' angle is associated with a flat energy potential surface around its minimum, consistent with the broad range of values determined by experimental and computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ghanem Hamdoun
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) 76000 Rouen France
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Marie Cordier
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | - Hassan Oulyadi
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) 76000 Rouen France
| | | | | | - Yann Sarazin
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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Maudrich J, Diab F, Weiß S, Zweigart M, Eichele K, Schubert H, Müller R, Kaupp M, Wesemann L. Tetryl-Tetrylene Addition to Phenylacetylene. Chemistry 2021; 27:4691-4699. [PMID: 33332670 PMCID: PMC7986144 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenylacetylene adds [Ar*GeH2 -SnAr'], [Ar*GeH2 -PbAr'] and [Ar'SnH2 -PbAr*] at rt in a regioselective and stereoselective reaction. The highest reactivity was found for the stannylene, which reacts immediately upon addition of one equivalent of alkyne. However, the plumbylenes exhibit addition to the alkyne only in reaction with an excess of phenylacetylene. The product of the germylplumbylene addition reacts with a second equivalent of alkyne and the product of a CH-activation, a dimeric lead acetylide, were isolated. In the case of the stannylplumbylene the trans-addition product was characterized as the kinetically controlled product which isomerizes at rt to yield the cis-addition product, which is stabilized by an intramolecular Sn-H-Pb interaction. NMR chemical shifts of the olefins were investigated using two- and four-component relativistic DFT calculations, as spin-orbit effects can be large. Hydride abstraction was carried out by treating [Ar'SnPhC=CHGeH2 Ar*] with the trityl salt [Ph3 C][Al(OC{CF3 })4 ] to yield a four membered ring cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob‐Jonathan Maudrich
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Fatima Diab
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Sebastian Weiß
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Magda Zweigart
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Klaus Eichele
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Robert Müller
- Institut für ChemieTheoretische Chemie/QuantenchemieSekr. C7Technische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für ChemieTheoretische Chemie/QuantenchemieSekr. C7Technische Universität BerlinStraße des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
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8
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Morris LJ, Rajabi NA, Mahon MF, Manners I, McMullin CL, Hill MS. Synthesis and reactivity of alkaline-earth stannanide complexes by hydride-mediated distannane metathesis and organostannane dehydrogenation. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10523-10534. [PMID: 32691789 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02406f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of heteroleptic complexes with calcium- and magnesium-tin bonds is described. The dimeric β-diketiminato calcium hydride complex, [(BDI)Ca(μ-H)]2 (ICa) reacts with Ph3Sn-SnPh3 to provide the previously reported μ2-H bridged calcium stannanide dimer, [(BDI)2Ca2(SnPh3)(μ-H)] (3). Computational assessment of this reaction supports a mechanism involving a hypervalent stannate intermediate formed by nucleophilic attack of hydride on the distannane. Monomeric calcium stannanides, [(BDI)Ca(SnPh3)·OPPh3] (8·OPPh3) and [(BDI)Ca(SnPh3)·TMTHF] (8·TMTHF, TMTHF = 2,2,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydrofuran) were obtained from ICa and Ph3Sn-SnPh3, after addition OPPh3 or TMTHF. Both complexes were also synthesised by deprotonation of Ph3SnH by ICa in the presence of the Lewis base. The calcium and magnesium THF adducts, [(BDI)Ca(SnPh3)·THF2] (8·THF2) and [(BDI)Mg(SnPh3)·THF] (9·THF), were similarly prepared from [(BDI)Ca(μ-H)·(THF)]2 (ICa·THF2) or [(BDI)Mg(μ-H)]2 (IMg) and Ph3SnH. An excess of THF or TMTHF was essential in order to obtain 8·TMTHF, 8·THF2 and 9·THF in high yields whilst avoiding redistribution of the phenyl-tin ligand. The resulting Ae-Sn complexes were used as a source of [Ph3Sn]- in salt metathesis, to provide the known tristannane Ph3Sn-Sn(t-Bu)2-SnPh3 (11). Nucleophilic addition or insertion with N,N'-di-iso-propylcarbodiimide provided the stannyl-amidinate complexes, [(BDI)Mg{(iPrN)2CSnPh3}] (12) and [(BDI)Ca{(iPrN)2CSnPh3}·L] (13·TMTHF, 13·THF, L = TMTHF, THF). The reactions and products were monitored and characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, whilst for compounds 8, 9, 12, and 13·THF, the X-ray crystal structures are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis J Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Nasir A Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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9
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Chapple PM, Kahlal S, Cartron J, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Cordier M, Saillard J, Carpentier J, Sarazin Y. Bis(imino)carbazolate: A Master Key for Barium Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yann Sarazin
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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10
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Chapple PM, Kahlal S, Cartron J, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Cordier M, Saillard J, Carpentier J, Sarazin Y. Bis(imino)carbazolate: A Master Key for Barium Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9120-9126. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yann Sarazin
- Univ Rennes CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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11
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Maudrich JJ, Diab F, Weiß S, Widemann M, Dema T, Schubert H, Krebs KM, Eichele K, Wesemann L. Deprotonation of Organogermanium and Organotin Trihydrides. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15758-15768. [PMID: 31368306 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Terphenyltin and terphenylgermanium trihydrides were deprotonated in reaction with strong bases, such as LiMe, LDA, or KBn. In the solid state, the Li salts of the germate anion 4 and 4a exhibit a Li-Ge contact. In the Li salt of the dihydridostannate anion 6a, the Li cation is not coordinated at the tin atom instead an interaction of the Li cation with the hydride substituents was found. Evidenced by 1H-7Li-HOESY NMR spectroscopy the Li-salt of the deprotonated tin hydride 6a exhibits in toluene solution a contact between Li cation and hydride substituents, whereas in the 1H-7Li-HOESY NMR spectrum of the homologous germate salt 4a, no crosspeak between hydride and Li signals was found. The organodihydridogermate and -stannate react as nucleophiles with low-valent Group 14 electrophiles. Thus, three compounds were synthesized: Ar-Ë'-EH2-Ar (E', E = Sn, Ge; Pb, Ge; Pb, Sn; Ar = Ar', Ar*). Following an alternative synthesis Ar'SnH2PbAr* was synthesized in reaction between [(Ar*PbH)2] and [(Ar'SnH)4] generated in situ. In reaction between low-valent organotin hydride [(Ar*SnH)2] and organdihydridostannate [Ar*SnH2]- formation of distannate [Ar*2Sn2H3]- was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob-Jonathan Maudrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Fatima Diab
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Sebastian Weiß
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Max Widemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Taulant Dema
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Kilian M Krebs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Klaus Eichele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
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12
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Dange D, Gair AR, Jones DDL, Juckel M, Aldridge S, Jones C. Acyclic 1,2-dimagnesioethanes/-ethene derived from magnesium(i) compounds: multipurpose reagents for organometallic synthesis. Chem Sci 2019; 10:3208-3216. [PMID: 30996903 PMCID: PMC6428033 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00200f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactions of three magnesium(i) dimers, [{(ArNacnac)Mg-}2] (ArNacnac = [(ArNCMe)2CH]-; Ar = xylyl (Xyl), mesityl (Mes) or 2,6-diethylphenyl (Dep)), with either 1,1-diphenylethylene (DPE), α-methylstyrene (MS), trans-stilbene (TS) or diphenylacetylene (DPA) led to the 1,2-addition of the Mg-Mg bond across the substrate, giving rise to the 1,2-dimagnesioethanes, [{(XylNacnac)Mg}2(μ-DPE)], [{(DepNacnac)Mg}2(μ-MS)], [{(ArNacnac)Mg}2(μ-TS)] (Ar = Mes or Dep); and a 1,2-dimagnesioethene, [{(MesNacnac)Mg}2(μ-DPA)]. The reactions involving the 1,1-substituted alkenes are shown to be readily redox reversible, in that the reaction products are in equilibrium with a significant proportion of the starting materials at room temperature. Variable temperature NMR spectroscopy and a van't Hoff analysis point to low kinetic barriers to these weakly exergonic reactions. [{(MesNacnac)Mg}2(μ-DPE)] and [{(MesNacnac)Mg}2(μ-DPA)] behave as 1,2-di-Grignard reagents in their reactions with very bulky amido-zinc bromides, yielding the first examples of a 1,2-dizincioethane, [(L*Zn)2(μ-DPE)] (L* = -N(Ar*)(SiPri 3); Ar* = C6H2Me{C(H)Ph2}2-4,2,6), and a 1,2-dizincioethene, [(TBoLZn)2(μ-DPA)] (TBoL = -N(SiMe3){B(DipNCH)2}, Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl), respectively. Divergent reactivity is shown for [{(MesNacnac)Mg}2(μ-DPE)], which behaves as a two-electron reducing agent when treated with amido-cadmium and amido-magnesium halide precursors, yielding the cadmium(i) and magnesium(i) dimers, [PhBoLCdCdPhBoL] (PhBoL = -N(SiPh3){B(DipNCH)2}) and [L†MgMgL†] (L† = -N(Ar†)(SiMe3); Ar† = C6H2Pri{C(H)Ph2}2-4,2,6), respectively. A further class of reactivity for [{(MesNacnac)Mg}2(μ-DPE)] derives from its reaction with the bulky amido-germanium chloride, L*GeCl, which gives a magnesio-germane, presumably via intramolecular C-H activation of a highly reactive magnesiogermylene intermediate, [:Ge(L*){Mg(MesNacnac)}]. [{(MesNacnac)Mg}2(μ-DPE)] can be considered as acting as a two-electron reducing, magnesium transfer reagent in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Dange
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , PO Box 23 , VIC , 3800 , Australia
| | - Andrew R Gair
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , PO Box 23 , VIC , 3800 , Australia
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3QR , UK . ; http://www.monash.edu/science/research-groups/chemistry/jonesgroup
| | - Dafydd D L Jones
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , PO Box 23 , VIC , 3800 , Australia
| | - Martin Juckel
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , PO Box 23 , VIC , 3800 , Australia
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , South Parks Road , Oxford , OX1 3QR , UK . ; http://www.monash.edu/science/research-groups/chemistry/jonesgroup
| | - Cameron Jones
- School of Chemistry , Monash University , PO Box 23 , VIC , 3800 , Australia
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13
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Nie P, Yu Q, Zhu H, Wen T. Ruthenium and Osmium Germyl Complexes Derived from the Reactions of MXCl(PPh
3
)
3
(M = Ru, Os; X = Cl, H) with Terphenylchlorogermylene (C
6
H
3
‐2,6‐Trip
2
)GeCl (Trip = 2,4,6‐
i
Pr
3
C
6
H
2
). Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Nie
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen P. R. China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen P. R. China
| | - Hongping Zhu
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen P. R. China
| | - Ting‐Bin Wen
- Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen P. R. China
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14
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Krebs KM, Maudrich JJ, Wesemann L. Reaction of stannylene phosphorus Lewis pairs with dichlorides of germanium, tin and lead - the formation of base stabilized stannyl stannylenes/germylenes and redox reaction with PbCl2. Dalton Trans 2017; 45:8081-8. [PMID: 27077483 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00916f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of intramolecular stannylene phosphorus Lewis pairs with heavier dichlorides of group 14 (GeCl2, SnCl2, PbCl2) is reported. Phosphine base stabilized stannyl germylenes/stannylenes were formed by the oxidative addition of an E-Cl bond to the stannylene tin atom (E = Ge, Sn). In solution, a dynamic equilibrium between two diastereomeric configurations was observed. With PbCl2 a redox reaction towards elemental lead and the dichlorinated tin(iv) compound was found. All compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Krebs
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - J-J Maudrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - L Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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15
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Benedek Z, Szilvási T. Theoretical Assessment of Low-Valent Germanium Compounds as Transition Metal Ligands: Can They Be Better than Phosphines or NHCs? Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Benedek
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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16
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Álvarez-Rodríguez L, Cabeza JA, García-Álvarez P, Gómez-Gallego M, Merinero AD, Sierra MA. First Insertions of Carbene Ligands into Ge-N and Si-N Bonds. Chemistry 2017; 23:4287-4291. [PMID: 28225557 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The insertion of carbene ligands into Ge-N (three examples) and Si-N (one example) bonds has been achieved for the first time by treating Fischer carbene complexes (M=W, Cr) with bulky amidinatotetrylenes (E=Ge, Si). These reactions, which start with a nucleophilic attack of the amidinatotetrylene heavier group 14 atom to the carbene C atom, proceed through a stereoselective insertion of the carbene fragment into an E-N bond of the amidinatotetrylene ENCN four-membered ring, leading to [M(CO)5 L] derivatives in which L belongs to a novel family of tetrylene ligands comprising an ECNCN five-membered ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica-IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo-CSIC, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Javier A Cabeza
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica-IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo-CSIC, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo García-Álvarez
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica-IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo-CSIC, 33071, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mar Gómez-Gallego
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba D Merinero
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Sierra
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Shan YL, Leong BX, Xi HW, Ganguly R, Li Y, Lim KH, So CW. Reactivity of an amidinato silylene and germylene toward germanium(ii), tin(ii) and lead(ii) halides. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:3642-3648. [PMID: 28251210 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00051k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of an amidinato silylene and germylene toward group 14 element(ii) halides is described. The reaction of the amidinato silicon(ii) amide [LSiN(SiMe3)2] (1, L = PhC(NtBu)2) with SnCl2 and PbBr2 afforded the amidinato silylene-dichlorostannylene and -dibromoplumbylene adducts [L{(Me3Si)2N}SiEX2] (E = Sn, X = Cl (2); E = Pb, X = Br (3)), respectively, in which there is a lone pair of electrons on the Sn(ii) and Pb(ii) atoms. X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and theoretical studies show conclusively that the Si(ii)-E(ii) bonds are donor-acceptor interactions. Similar electronic structures were found in the amidinato germylene-dichlorogermylene and -dichlorostannylene adducts [L{(Me3Si)2N}GeECl2] (E = Ge (5), Sn (6)), which were prepared by treatment of the amidinato germanium(ii) amide [LGeN(SiMe3)2] (4) with GeCl2·dioxane and SnCl2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Liang Shan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore.
| | - Bi-Xiang Leong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore.
| | - Hong-Wei Xi
- Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Drive, 138683, Singapore
| | - Rakesh Ganguly
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore.
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore.
| | - Kok Hwa Lim
- Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Drive, 138683, Singapore
| | - Cheuk-Wai So
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore.
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18
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Blake MP, Kaltsoyannis N, Mountford P. Probing the Limits of Alkaline Earth–Transition Metal Bonding: An Experimental and Computational Study. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12352-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Blake
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolas Kaltsoyannis
- Department
of Chemistry, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Mountford
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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19
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Wang Q, Song S, Song Z, Miao H, Ding Y. Theoretical research on structures of aminopyrimidine germanium(II) precursors and their application in film formation. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363215060274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Chia SP, Carter E, Xi HW, Li Y, So CW. Group II Metal Complexes of the Germylidendiide Dianion Radical and Germylidenide Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Chia SP, Carter E, Xi HW, Li Y, So CW. Group II Metal Complexes of the Germylidendiide Dianion Radical and Germylidenide Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8455-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Edelmann FT. Recent Progress in the Chemistry of Metal Amidinates and Guanidinates. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407692-1.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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24
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Leung WP, Chiu WK, Mak TCW. Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Metallogermylenes, Cp-Substituted Germylene, and a Germanium(II)-Borane Adduct from Pyridyl-1-azaallyl Germanium(II) Chloride. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om3007739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Por Leung
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Wang-Kin Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Thomas C. W. Mak
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, People’s
Republic of China
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25
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García JM, Ocando-Mavárez E, Kato T, Coll DS, Briceño A, Saffon-Merceron N, Baceiredo A. Synthesis and Characterization of Rhodium Complexes with Phosphine-Stabilized Germylenes. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:8187-93. [DOI: 10.1021/ic300600c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. García
- Laboratorio de Fisico-Química
Orgánica, IVIC, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Université de Toulouse,
UPS and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - David Santiago Coll
- Laboratorio de Fisico-Química
Teórica de Materiales, IVIC, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela
| | - Alexander Briceño
- Laboratorio de Síntesis
y Caracterización de Nuevos Materiales, IVIC, Caracas 1020-A,
Venezuela
| | | | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Université de Toulouse,
UPS and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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26
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Chlupatý T, Padělková Z, Lyčka A, Brus J, Růžička A. Reactivity of lithium n-butyl amidinates towards group 14 metal(II) chlorides providing series of hetero- and homoleptic tetrylenes. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:5010-9. [PMID: 22415327 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12472f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The new class of homo- and heteroleptic n-butyl-N,N'-disubstituted amidinato group 14 metal(II) complexes were prepared by salt elimination from starting lithium amidinates and metal(II) chlorides both in stoichiometric ratio 2:1 and 1:1, respectively. The target amidinates contain less bulky isopropyl or cyclohexyl as well as a sterically demanding aromatic substituent. Desired 1:1 Pb(II) complexes are not accessible by the described procedure. Ligand transfer from Pb to Sn is taking place if homoleptic Pb(II) compounds are reacted with SnCl(2). Prepared tetrylenes were characterized by (1)H, (13)C, (119)Sn and (207)Pb NMR spectroscopy in C(6)D(6) or THF-d(8). X-Ray diffraction studies of one heteroleptic Ge(II) monomeric where the coordination polyhedron of the three coordinated germanium atoms is a trigonal pyramid, two different dimeric structures of heteroleptic Sn(II) complexes, one amidine hydroiodide byproduct and the oxidation product of the heteroleptic chloro Sn(II) amidinate as a tetranuclear species with two Sn(IV) and two Sn(II) atoms in central Sn(2)O(2) planar ring were performed on appropriate single crystals. The dimer of one of the heteroleptic stannylenes reveals a new type of monomeric units connection, weak Sn-Cl contact and an interaction of the tin atom with delocalized N-C(C)-N system of the amidinato ligand of the second molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Chlupatý
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, CZ-532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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27
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Yang Y, Zhao N, Zhu H, Roesky HW. Syntheses and Reactions of Derivatives of (Pyrrolylaldiminato)germanium(II) and -Aluminum(III). Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om201252k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, 410083 Changsha, People's
Republic of China
| | - Na Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Göttingen,
Tammannstrasse
4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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