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Zhang N, Huo S, Meng L, Li X. Nb(
i
PrNPMe
2
)
3
Fe–PMe
3
: A potential high reactivity heterobimetallic catalyst for acetylene cycloadditions. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Hebei Normal University Road East of 2nd Ring South Shijiazhuang 050024 China
| | - Suhong Huo
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Hebei Normal University Road East of 2nd Ring South Shijiazhuang 050024 China
| | - Lingpeng Meng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Hebei Normal University Road East of 2nd Ring South Shijiazhuang 050024 China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Hebei Normal University Road East of 2nd Ring South Shijiazhuang 050024 China
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2
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Roglans A, Pla-Quintana A, Solà M. Mechanistic Studies of Transition-Metal-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions. Chem Rev 2020; 121:1894-1979. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roglans
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Pla-Quintana
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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3
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Amakasu T, Sato K, Ohta Y, Kitazawa G, Sato H, Oumiya K, Kawakami Y, Takeuchi T, Kabe Y. CpCo(I)- and Cp*Ru(II)Cl-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloadditions of siladiynes and alkynes: A combined experimental and theoretical study. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.121006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Weber SM, Hilt G. Chemoselective Cobalt(I)-Catalyzed Cyclotrimerization of (Un)Symmetrical 1,3-Butadiynes for the Synthesis of 1,2,4-Regioisomers. Org Lett 2019; 21:4106-4110. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian M. Weber
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hilt
- Fachbereich Chemie Philipps Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
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5
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Kwon DH, Proctor M, Mendoza S, Uyeda C, Ess DH. Catalytic Dinuclear Nickel Spin Crossover Mechanism and Selectivity for Alkyne Cyclotrimerization. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doo-Hyun Kwon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Matthew Proctor
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Sergio Mendoza
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Christopher Uyeda
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
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6
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Bottari G, Santos LL, Posadas CM, Campos J, Mereiter K, Paneque M. Reaction of [TpRh(C2 H4 )2 ] with Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate: Identification of Intermediates of the [2+2+2] Alkyne and Alkyne-Ethylene Cyclo(co)trimerizations. Chemistry 2016; 22:13715-23. [PMID: 27535720 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between the bis(ethylene) complex [TpRh(C2 H4 )2 ], 1, (Tp=hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate), and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) has been studied under different experimental conditions. A mixture of products was formed, in which TpRh(I) species were prevalent, whereas the presence of trapping agents, like water or acetonitrile, allowed for the stabilization and isolation of octahedral TpRh(III) compounds. An excess of DMAD gave rise to a small amount of the [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization product hexamethyl mellitate (6). Although no catalytic application of 1 was achieved, mechanistic insights shed light on the formation of stable rhodium species representing the resting state of the catalytic cycle of rhodium-mediated [2+2+2] cyclo(co)trimerization reactions. Metallacyclopentene intermediate species, generated from the activation of one alkyne and one ethylene molecule from 1, and metallacyclopentadiene species, formed by oxidative coupling of two alkynes to the rhodium centre, are crucial steps in the pathways leading to the final organometallic and organic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bottari
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura L Santos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Cristina M Posadas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Kurt Mereiter
- Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarita Paneque
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
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Yamamoto K, Nagae H, Tsurugi H, Mashima K. Mechanistic understanding of alkyne cyclotrimerization on mononuclear and dinuclear scaffolds: [4 + 2] cycloaddition of the third alkyne onto metallacyclopentadienes and dimetallacyclopentadienes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:17072-17081. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03389j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We summarized mechanistic investigations for transition metal-catalyzed alkyne cyclotrimerization in terms of mononuclear and dinuclear complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Haruki Nagae
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
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Lomont JP, Nguyen SC, Harris CB. Ultrafast infrared studies of the role of spin states in organometallic reaction dynamics. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:1634-42. [PMID: 24819619 DOI: 10.1021/ar500032d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The importance of spin state changes in organometallic reactions is a topic of significant interest, as an increasing number of reaction mechanisms involving changes of spin state are consistently being uncovered. The potential influence of spin state changes on reaction rates can be difficult to predict, and thus this class of reactions remains among the least well understood in organometallic chemistry. Ultrafast time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy provides a powerful tool for probing the dynamics of spin state changes in organometallic catalysis, as such processes often occur on the picosecond to nanosecond time scale and can readily be monitored in the infrared via the absorptions of carbonyl reporter ligands. In this Account, we summarize recent work from our group directed toward identifying trends in reactivity that can be used to offer predictive insight into the dynamics of coordinatively unsaturated organometallic reaction intermediates. In general, coordinatively unsaturated 16-electron (16e) singlets are able to coordinate to solvent molecules as token ligands to partially stabilize the coordinatively unsaturated metal center, whereas 16e triplets and 17-electron (17e) doublets are not, allowing them to diffuse more rapidly through solution than their singlet counterparts. Triplet complexes typically (but not always) undergo spin crossover prior to solvent coordination, whereas 17e doublets do not coordinate solvent molecules as token ligands and cannot relax to a lower spin state to do so. 16e triplets are typically able to undergo facile spin crossover to yield a 16e singlet where an associative, exothermic reaction pathway exists. The combination of facile spin crossover with faster diffusion through solution for triplets can actually lead to faster catalytic reactivity than for singlets, despite the forbidden nature of these reactions. We summarize studies on odd-electron complexes in which 17e doublets were found to display varying behavior with regard to their tendency to react with 2-electron donor ligands to form 19-electron (19e) adducts. The ability of 19e adducts to serve as reducing agents in disproportionation reactions depends on whether the excess electron density localized at the metal center or at a ligand site. The reactivity of both 16e and 17e complexes toward a widely used organic nitroxyl radical (TEMPO) are reviewed, and both classes of complexes generally react similarly via an associative mechanism with a low barrier to these reactions. We also describe recent work targeted at unraveling the photoisomerization mechanism of a thermal-solar energy storage complex in which spin state changes were found to play a crucial role. Although a key triplet intermediate was found to be required for this photoisomerization mechanism to proceed, the details of why this triplet is formed in some complexes (those based on ruthenium) and not others (those based on iron, molybdenum, or tungsten) remains uncertain, and further exploration in this area may lead to a better understanding of the factors that influence intramolecular and excited state spin state changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P. Lomont
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Son C. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Charles B. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of California−Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Guo CH, Wu HS, Hapke M, Jiao H. Theoretical studies on acetylene cyclotrimerization into benzene catalyzed by CpIr fragment. J Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Panman MR, Vos J, Bocokić V, Bellini R, de Bruin B, Reek JHN, Woutersen S. Exchanging conformations of a hydroformylation catalyst structurally characterized using two-dimensional vibrational spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:14294-8. [PMID: 24256078 DOI: 10.1021/ic402254q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic transition-metal complexes often occur in several conformations that exchange rapidly (<ms) in solution so that their spatial structures are difficult to characterize with conventional methods. Here, we determine specific bond angles in the two rapidly exchanging solution conformations of the hydroformylation catalyst (xantphos)Rh(CO)2H using two-dimensional vibrational spectroscopy, a method that can be applied to any catalyst provided that the exchange between its conformers occurs on a time scale of a few picoseconds or slower. We find that, in one of the conformations, the OC-Rh-CO angle deviates significantly from the canonical value in a trigonal-bipyramidal structure. On the basis of complementary density functional calculations, we ascribe this effect to attractive van der Waals interaction between the CO and the xantphos ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs R Panman
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lomont JP, Nguyen SC, Harris CB. Reactivity of TEMPO toward 16- and 17-electron organometallic reaction intermediates: a time-resolved IR study. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:11266-73. [PMID: 23819559 DOI: 10.1021/ja404476m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl radical (TEMPO) has been employed for an extensive range of chemical applications, ranging from organometallic catalysis to serving as a structural probe in biological systems. As a ligand in an organometallic complex, TEMPO can exhibit several distinct coordination modes. Here we use ultrafast time-resolved infrared spectroscopy to study the reactivity of TEMPO toward coordinatively unsaturated 16- and 17-electron organometallic reaction intermediates. TEMPO coordinates to the metal centers of the 16-electron species CpCo(CO) and Fe(CO)4, and to the 17-electron species CpFe(CO)2 and Mn(CO)5, via an associative mechanism with concomitant oxidation of the metal center. In these adducts, TEMPO thus behaves as an anionic ligand, characterized by a pyramidal geometry about the nitrogen center. Density functional theory calculations are used to facilitate interpretation of the spectra and to further explore the structures of the TEMPO adducts. To our knowledge, this study represents the first direct characterization of the mechanism of the reaction of TEMPO with coordinatively unsaturated organometallic complexes, providing valuable insight into its reactions with commonly encountered reaction intermediates. The similar reactivity of TEMPO toward each of the species studied suggests that these results can be considered representative of TEMPO's reactivity toward all low-valent transition metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Lomont
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley 94720, California, USA
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Zarzycki B, Bickelhaupt FM, Radius U. Symmetrical P4 cleavage at cobalt half sandwich complexes [(η5-C5H5)Co(L)] (L = CO, NHC) – a computational case study on the mechanism of symmetrical P4 degradation to P2 ligands. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:7468-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50267h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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