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Bortolamiol E, Mauceri M, Piccolo R, Cavarzerani E, Demitri N, Donati C, Gandin V, Brezar SK, Kamensek U, Cemazar M, Canzonieri V, Rizzolio F, Visentin F, Scattolin T. Palladium(II)-Indenyl Complexes Bearing N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligands as Potent and Selective Metallodrugs toward High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Models. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39119630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized novel Pd(II)-indenyl complexes using various N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, including chelating NHC-picolyl, NHC-thioether, and diNHC ligands, and two monodentate NHCs. Transmetalation reactions between a Pd(II)-indenyl precursor and silver-NHC complexes were generally employed, except for chelating diNHC derivatives, which required direct reaction with bisimidazolium salts and potassium carbonate. Characterization included NMR, HRMS analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In vitro on five ovarian cancer cell lines showed notable cytotoxicity, with IC50 values in the micro- and submicromolar range. Some compounds exhibited intriguing selectivity for cancer cells due to higher tumor cell uptake. Mechanistic studies revealed that monodentate NHCs induced mitochondrial damage while chelating ligands caused DNA damage. One chelating NHC-picolyl ligand showed promising cytotoxicity and selectivity in high-grade serous ovarian cancer models, supporting its consideration for preclinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Bortolamiol
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Matteo Mauceri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Rachele Piccolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Enrico Cavarzerani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Donati
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Universita di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Universita di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Simona Kranjc Brezar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urska Kamensek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34100 Trieste, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.), IRCCS via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.), IRCCS via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Fabiano Visentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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2
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Gobbo A, Pereira SAP, Mota FAR, Sinenko I, Glinkina K, Rocchi D, Guelfi M, Biver T, Donati C, Zacchini S, Saraiva MLMFS, Dyson PJ, Marchetti F. Anticancer potential of NSAID-derived tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligands in iron(II) sandwich complexes. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39072444 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00920g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Tris(pyrazolyl)methane (tpm), 2,2,2-tris(pyrazolyl)ethanol (tpmOH) and its esterification derivatives with ibuprofen and flurbiprofen (tpmIBU and tpmFLU) were used as ligands to obtain complexes of the type [Fe(tpmX)2]Cl2 (1-4). The tpmIBU and tpmFLU ligands and corresponding complexes 3 and 4 were characterized by IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and the structure of tpmIBU was elucidated by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complexes 1-4 were also assessed for their behaviour in aqueous media (solubility in D2O, octanol/water partition coefficient, stability in physiological-like conditions). The antiproliferative activity of ligands and complexes was determined on A2780, A2780cis and A549 cancer cell lines and the non-cancerous HEK 293T and BJ cell lines. The ligands and complexes were investigated for their ability to inhibit COX-2 (cyclooxygenase) and HNE (4-hydroxynonenal) enzymes. Complexes 3 and 4 exhibited cytotoxicity that may be attributed predominantly to their bioactive fragments, while DNA binding and enhancement of ROS production do not appear to play any significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gobbo
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Sarah A P Pereira
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Switzerland
| | - Fátima A R Mota
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Irina Sinenko
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Switzerland
| | - Kseniya Glinkina
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Switzerland
| | - Dario Rocchi
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Massimo Guelfi
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tarita Biver
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Chiara Donati
- University of Padova, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Via F. Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- University of Bologna, Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", Via P. Gobetti 85, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - M Lúcia M F S Saraiva
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
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3
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De Franco M, Biancalana L, Zappelli C, Zacchini S, Gandin V, Marchetti F. 1,3,5-Triaza-7-phosphaadamantane and Cyclohexyl Groups Impart to Di-Iron(I) Complex Aqueous Solubility and Stability, and Prominent Anticancer Activity in Cellular and Animal Models. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11138-11151. [PMID: 38951717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Using a multigram-scalable synthesis, we obtained nine dinuclear complexes based on nonendogenous iron(I) centers and featuring variable aminocarbyne and P-ligands. One compound from the series (FEACYP) emerged for its strong cytotoxicity in vitro against four human cancer cell lines, surpassing the activity of cisplatin by 3-6 times in three cell lines, with an average selectivity index of 6.2 compared to noncancerous HEK293 cells. FEACYP demonstrated outstanding water solubility (15 g/L) and stability in physiological-like solutions. It confirmed its superior antiproliferative activity when tested in 3D spheroids of human pancreatic cancer cells and showed a capacity to inhibit thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) similar to auranofin. In vivo treatment of murine LLC carcinoma with FEACYP (8 mg kg-1 dose) led to excellent tumor growth suppression (88%) on day 15, with no signs of systemic toxicity and only limited body weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele De Franco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Biancalana
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Zappelli
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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Ferenczi E, Keglevich P, Tayeb BA, Minorics R, Papp D, Schlosser G, Zupkó I, Hazai L, Csámpai A. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Effect of New Alkyne-Tethered Vindoline Hybrids Containing Pharmacophoric Fragments. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7428. [PMID: 39000534 PMCID: PMC11242353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In the frame of our diversity-oriented research on multitarget small molecule anticancer agents, utilizing convergent synthetic sequences terminated by Sonogashira coupling reactions, a preliminary selection of representative alkyne-tethered vindoline hybrids was synthesized. The novel hybrids with additional pharmacophoric fragments of well-documented anticancer agents, including FDA-approved tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (imatinib and erlotinib) or ferrocene or chalcone units, were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity on malignant cell lines MDA-MB-231 (triple negative breast cancer), A2780 (ovarian cancer), HeLa (human cervical cancer), and SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma) as well as on human embryonal lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5, which served as a reference non-malignant cell line for the assessment of the therapeutic window of the tested hybrids. The biological assays identified a trimethoxyphenyl-containing chalcone-vindoline hybrid (36) as a promising lead compound exhibiting submicromolar activity on A2780 cells with a marked therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etelka Ferenczi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Péter Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (P.K.); (L.H.)
| | - Bizhar Ahmed Tayeb
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.A.T.); (R.M.); (I.Z.)
| | - Renáta Minorics
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.A.T.); (R.M.); (I.Z.)
| | - Dávid Papp
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - István Zupkó
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (B.A.T.); (R.M.); (I.Z.)
| | - László Hazai
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; (P.K.); (L.H.)
| | - Antal Csámpai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
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Sadanala BD, Trivedi R. Ferrocenyl Azoles: Versatile N-Containing Heterocycles and their Anticancer Activities. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300347. [PMID: 38984727 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The medicinal chemistry of ferrocene has gained its momentum after the discovery of biological activities of ferrocifen and ferroquine. These ferrocenyl drugs have been designed by replacing the aromatic moiety of the organic drugs, tamoxifen and chloroquine respectively, with a ferrocenyl unit. The promising biological activities of these ferrocenyl drugs have paved a path to explore the medicinal applications of several ferrocenyl conjugates. In these conjugates, the ferrocenyl moiety has played a vital role in enhancing or imparting the anticancer activity to the molecule. The ferrocenyl conjugates induce the cytotoxicity by generating reactive oxygen species and thereby damaging the DNA. In medicinal chemistry, the five membered nitrogen heterocycles (azoles) play a significant role due to their rigid ring structure and hydrogen bonding ability with the biomolecules. Several potent drug candidates with azole groups have been in use as chemotherapeutics. Considering the importance of ferrocenyl moiety and azole groups, several ferrocenyl azole conjugates have been synthesized and screened for their biological activities. Hence, in the view of a wide scope in the development of potent drugs based on ferrocenyl azole conjugates, herein we present the details of synthesis and the anticancer activities of ferrocenyl compounds bearing azole groups such as imidazole, triazoles, thiazole and isoxazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Deepthi Sadanala
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
- Present address, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, 585367, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajiv Trivedi
- Catalysis and Fine Chemicals Department, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, AcSIR, Headquarters, CSIR-HRDC campus Sector 19, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, U.P., 201 002, India
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6
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Rivas F, Del Mármol C, Scalese G, Pérez Díaz L, Machado I, Blacque O, Salazar F, Coitiño EL, Benítez D, Medeiros A, Comini M, Gambino D. Multifunctional Organometallic Compounds Active against Infective Trypanosomes: Ru(II) Ferrocenyl Derivatives with Two Different Bioactive Ligands. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11667-11687. [PMID: 38860314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT, sleeping sickness) and American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) are endemic zoonotic diseases caused by genomically related trypanosomatid protozoan parasites (Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively). Just a few old drugs are available for their treatment, with most of them sharing poor safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic profiles. Only fexinidazole has been recently incorporated into the arsenal for the treatment of HAT. In this work, new multifunctional Ru(II) ferrocenyl compounds were rationally designed as potential agents against these pathogens by including in a single molecule 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) and two bioactive bidentate ligands: pyridine-2-thiolato-1-oxide ligand (mpo) and polypyridyl ligands (NN). Three [Ru(mpo)(dppf)(NN)](PF6) compounds and their derivatives with chloride as a counterion were synthesized and fully characterized in solid state and solution. They showed in vitro activity on bloodstream T. brucei (EC50 = 31-160 nM) and on T. cruzi trypomastigotes (EC50 = 190-410 nM). Compounds showed the lowest EC50 values on T. brucei when compared to the whole set of metal-based compounds previously developed by us. In addition, several of the Ru compounds showed good selectivity toward the parasites, particularly against the highly proliferative bloodstream form of T. brucei. Interaction with DNA and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were ruled out as potential targets and modes of action of the Ru compounds. Biochemical assays and in silico analysis led to the insight that they are able to inhibit the NADH-dependent fumarate reductase from T. cruzi. One representative hit induced a mild oxidation of low molecular weight thiols in T. brucei. The compounds were stable for at least 72 h in two different media and more lipophilic than both bioactive ligands, mpo and NN. An initial assessment of the therapeutic efficacy of one of the most potent and selective candidates, [Ru(mpo)(dppf)(bipy)]Cl, was performed using a murine infection model of acute African trypanosomiasis. This hit compound lacks acute toxicity when applied to animals in the dose/regimen described, but was unable to control parasite proliferation in vivo, probably because of its rapid clearance or low biodistribution in the extracellular fluids. Future studies should investigate the pharmacokinetics of this compound in vivo and involve further research to gain deeper insight into the mechanism of action of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feriannys Rivas
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Del Mármol
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Scalese
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Pérez Díaz
- Sección Genómica Funcional, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Machado
- Área Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabiana Salazar
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional (LQTC), Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CeInBio), Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - E Laura Coitiño
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica y Computacional (LQTC), Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CeInBio), Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Diego Benítez
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Medeiros
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo Comini
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
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7
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Vančo J, Trávníček Z, Malina T, Hošek J, Dvořák Z. Cellular Effects of Cationic Copper(II) Schiff Base Complexes: Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Properties. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400214. [PMID: 39031727 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
A series of potassium isothiocyanato-(N-salicylidene-aminoacidato) cuprates (1-5) with the general formula of the monomeric unit K[Cu(sal-aa)(NCS)] ⋅ xH2O (x=0 or 2), containing a Schiff-base ligand (H2sal-aa) derived from natural amino acids such as glycine, DL-α-alanine, DL-valine, DL-phenylalanine and β-alanine, and salicylaldehyde, was screened for in vitro antiradical and major cellular effects against selected cancerous and normal cells. The complexes exhibited strong antioxidant properties against superoxide in vitro and a protective effect on DNA under Fenton-like reaction conditions. Screening of their cellular effects revealed moderate in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines (A2780, A2780R and MCF-7), with IC50 values of 25-35 μM, and relatively low toxicity to normal fibroblast MRC-5 cells (with IC50 values>50 μM). Additional experiments performed on A2780 cells revealed that the most potent complex 5 significantly increased the number of A2780 cells arrested in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and triggered intracellular oxidative stress. The selected flow cytometry experiments (detection of apoptosis/autophagy and activation of caspases 3/7 and depletion of mitochondrial membrane potential) did not reveal the dominant mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity of the complexes but clearly differentiated their molecular effects from those of the reference drug cisplatin. All the complexes exerted anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-activated THP-1 macrophage-like cells. Complex 5 also slightly influenced the activity of the upstream NF-κB transcription factor, while no effect on PPARγ activation was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Vančo
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Trávníček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Malina
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hošek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Dvořák
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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8
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Golovenko EA, Pankin DV, Deriabin KV, Volkov AI, Kirichenko SO, Levin OV, Islamova RM. Ligand Exchange Reaction between Ferrocene and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: A Contemporary Approach. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6909-6917. [PMID: 38507256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Ligand exchange reaction (LER) between carbon nanoparticles and ferrocene (Cp2Fe) was conducted several times, but there was no convincing evidence of half-sandwich CpFe+ coordination to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). In this study, MWCNT is modified by LER with ferrocene using AlCl3/Al as a catalytic system. The modified MWCNT (Fc-MWCNT) are investigated for better understanding of the processes taking place on the surface of MWCNT using different spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. The formation of the Fe-C covalent bond between CpFe+ and MWCNT is confirmed by changes in the Raman spectrum of Fc-MWCNT compared to pristine MWCNT. The densest structure of Fc-MWCNT is investigated by transmission electronic microscopy. According to density-functional theory calculations of the model interaction between Fe and coronene, the Fe-C bond length is 2.1687-2.1855 Å. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy also confirms the coordination of the Fe atom to MWCNT by analysis of oxidation states of Fe 2p and deconvolution of C 1s. Utilization of cyclic voltammetry corroborated MWCNT modification via LER. These data are important for both theoretical and practical applications due to increased interest in LER-modified compounds in different areas including thermoelectric devices, sensors, and its potential application in the field of molecular machine construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Golovenko
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Dmitrii V Pankin
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Konstantin V Deriabin
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexey I Volkov
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Sergey O Kirichenko
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Oleg V Levin
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Regina M Islamova
- St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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9
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Guo L, Zhao W, Gao Y, Wu M, Chen S. Regio- and Stereoselective Iodoamination of Ferrocene-Containing Allenylphosphonates: Synthesis of Multifunctional Tetrasubstituted Allylic Amines and Allylic Azides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1956-1966. [PMID: 38268404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
A general and practical methodology for the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of multifunctional tetrasubstituted allylic amines and azides based on iodoamination of ferrocene-containing allenylphosphonates with anilines and sodium azide is described. A tetrasubstituted olefin moiety, as well as an iodine atom, a phosphonate, and a ferrocene group, are installed to the allylic amine motif simultaneously in moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Ordos Institute of Technology, Ordos 017000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanrong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanpeng Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Ordos Institute of Technology, Ordos 017000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meimei Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Ordos Institute of Technology, Ordos 017000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People's Republic of China
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10
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Wang H, Fan X, Xie PP, Yang S, Pigeon P, Xiong Y, Gai S, Qi X, Wang J, Zhang Q, Li W, Qian H, McGlinchey MJ, Jaouen G, Zheng C, Wang Y. Deciphering the Diversified Metabolic Behavior of Hydroxyalkyl Ferrocidiphenols as Anticancer Complexes. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1209-1224. [PMID: 38156614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Ferrocidiphenols possessing appropriate substituents in the aliphatic chain have very promising anticancer properties, but a systematic approach to deciphering their diversified metabolic behavior has so far been lacking. Herein, we show that a series of novel ferrocidiphenols bearing different hydroxyalkyl substituents exhibit strong anticancer activity as revealed in a range of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Moreover, they display diversified oxidative transformation profiles very distinct from those of previous complexes, shown by the use of chemical and enzymatic methods and in cellulo and in vivo metabolism studies. In view of this phenomenon, unprecedented chemo-evolutionary sequences that connect all the ferrocidiphenol-related intermediates and analogues have been established. In addition, a comprehensive density functional theory (DFT) study has been performed to decipher the metabolic diversification profiles of these complexes and demonstrate the delicate modulation of carbenium ions by the ferrocenyl moiety, via either α- or β-positional participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
| | - Xuejing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Pei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
| | - Pascal Pigeon
- PSL, Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 8232 CNRS, IPCM, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Ying Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Susu Gai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
| | - Qianer Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
| | - Huimei Qian
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
| | - Michael J McGlinchey
- UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 C1P1, Ireland
| | - Gérard Jaouen
- PSL, Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 8232 CNRS, IPCM, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
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11
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Dembo A, Ferenczi E, Jernei T, Bor A, Schelz Z, Zupkó I, Varga S, Csámpai A. CuAAC-Based Synthesis, Copper-Catalyzed Aldehyde-Forming Hydrolytic Fission and Antiproliferative Evaluation of Novel Ferrocenoylamino-Substituted Triazole-Tethered Quinine-Chalcone Hybrids. Molecules 2024; 29:375. [PMID: 38257289 PMCID: PMC10820026 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of novel triazole-tethered ferrocenoylamino-substituted cinchona-chalcone hybrids along with two representative benzoylamino-substituted reference compounds were prepared by three methods of CuAAC chemistry. In line with the limited success or complete failure of attempted conversions with low catalyst loadings, by means of DFT modeling studies, we demonstrated that a substantial part of the Cu(I) ions can be chelated and thus trapped in the aroylamino-substituted cinchona fragment and all of the accessible coordinating sites of the chalcone residues. Accordingly, increased amounts of catalysts were used to achieve acceptable yields; however, the cycloadditions with para-azidochalcones were accompanied by partial or complete aldehyde-forming hydrolytic fission of the enone C=C bond in a substituent-, solvent- and copper load-dependent manner. The experienced hydrolytic stability of the hybrids obtained by cycloadditions with ortho-azidochalcones was interpreted in terms of relative energetics, DFT reactivity indices and MO analysis of simplified models of two isomer copper-enone complexes. The novel hybrids were evaluated on HeLa, MDA-MB-231 and A2780 cell lines and showed substantial activity at low-to-submicromolar concentrations. An organometallic model carrying 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl residue in the enone part with a para-disubstituted benzene ring in the central skeletal region was identified as the most potent antiproliferative lead, characterized by submicromolar IC50 values measured on the three investigated cells. The biological assays also disclosed that this ferrocenoylamino-containing lead compound displays a ca. two- to five-fold more substantial antiproliferative effect than its benzoylamino-substituted counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Dembo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.D.); (E.F.); (T.J.)
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Etelka Ferenczi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.D.); (E.F.); (T.J.)
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Jernei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.D.); (E.F.); (T.J.)
| | - Andrea Bor
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.B.); (Z.S.); (I.Z.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Schelz
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.B.); (Z.S.); (I.Z.)
| | - István Zupkó
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.B.); (Z.S.); (I.Z.)
| | - Szilárd Varga
- HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Magyar Tudósok Krt 2., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Antal Csámpai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.D.); (E.F.); (T.J.)
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12
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Henn JG, Bernardes Ferro M, Lopes Alves GA, Pires Peña F, de Oliveira JVR, de Souza BM, da Silva LF, Rapack Jacinto Silva V, Silva Pinheiro AC, Steffens Reinhardt L, Morás AM, Nugent M, da Rosa RG, Silveira Aguirre TA, Moura DJ. Development and characterization of a temozolomide-loaded nanoemulsion and the effect of ferrocene pre and co-treatments in glioblastoma cell models. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1597-1609. [PMID: 37837521 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is a severe brain tumor that requires aggressive treatment involving surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, offering a survival rate of only 15 months. Fortunately, recent nanotechnology progress has enabled novel approaches and, alongside ferrocenes' unique properties of cytotoxicity, sensitization, and interaction with reactive oxygen species, have brought new possibilities to complement chemotherapy in nanocarrier systems, enhancing treatment results. METHODS In this work, we developed and characterized a temozolomide-loaded nanoemulsion and evaluated its cytotoxic potential in combination with ferrocene in the temozolomide-resistant T98G and temozolomide-sensitive U87 cell lines. The effects of the treatments were assessed through acute assays of cell viability, cell death, mitochondrial alterations, and a treatment protocol simulation based on different two-cycle regimens. RESULTS Temozolomide nanoemulsion showed a z-average diameter of 173.37 ± 0.86 nm and a zeta potential of - 6.53 ± 1.13 mV. Physicochemical characterization revealed that temozolomide is probably associated with nanoemulsion droplets instead of being entrapped within the nanostructure, allowing a rapid drug release. In combination with ferrocene, temozolomide nanoemulsion reduced glioblastoma cell viability in both acute and two-cycle regimen assays. The combined treatment approach also reversed T98G's temozolomide-resistant profile by altering the mitochondrial membrane potential of the cells, thus increasing reactive oxygen species generation, and ultimately inducing cell death. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results indicate that using nanoemulsion containing temozolomide in combination with ferrocene is an effective approach to improve glioblastoma therapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson Gustavo Henn
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, 245 Sarmento Leite Street, Lab. 714, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
- Materials Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone, Co. Westmeath, N37HD68, Ireland
| | - Matheus Bernardes Ferro
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, 245 Sarmento Leite Street, Lab. 714, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Antonio Lopes Alves
- Laboratório de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, 245 Sarmento Leite Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Flávia Pires Peña
- Laboratório de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, 245 Sarmento Leite Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Raupp de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, 245 Sarmento Leite Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Müller de Souza
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Fonseca da Silva
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Victória Rapack Jacinto Silva
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, 245 Sarmento Leite Street, Lab. 714, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Silva Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, 245 Sarmento Leite Street, Lab. 714, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Luiza Steffens Reinhardt
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, 245 Sarmento Leite Street, Lab. 714, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Ana Moira Morás
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, 245 Sarmento Leite Street, Lab. 714, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Michael Nugent
- Materials Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone, Co. Westmeath, N37HD68, Ireland
| | - Ricardo Gomes da Rosa
- Departamento de Química Inorgânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 9500 Bento Gonçalves Avenue, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Tanira Alessandra Silveira Aguirre
- Laboratório de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, 245 Sarmento Leite Street, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Dinara Jaqueline Moura
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, 245 Sarmento Leite Street, Lab. 714, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil.
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13
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Kuang X, Li JJ, Liu T, Ding CH, Wu K, Wang P, Yu JQ. Cu-mediated enantioselective C-H alkynylation of ferrocenes with chiral BINOL ligands. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7698. [PMID: 38001060 PMCID: PMC10673954 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide range of Cu(II)-catalyzed C-H activation reactions have been realized since 2006, however, whether a C-H metalation mechanism similar to Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H activation reaction is operating remains an open question. To address this question and ultimately develop ligand accelerated Cu(II)-catalyzed C-H activation reactions, realizing the enantioselective version and investigating the mechanism is critically important. With a modified chiral BINOL ligand, we report the first example of Cu-mediated enantioselective C-H activation reaction for the construction of planar chiral ferrocenes with high yields and stereoinduction. The key to the success of this reaction is the discovery of a ligand acceleration effect with the BINOL-based diol ligand in the directed Cu-catalyzed C-H alkynylation of ferrocene derivatives bearing an oxazoline-aniline directing group. This transformation is compatible with terminal aryl and alkyl alkynes, which are incompatible with Pd-catalyzed C-H activation reactions. This finding provides an invaluable mechanistic information in determining whether Cu(II) cleaves C-H bonds via CMD pathway in analogous manner to Pd(II) catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- School of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Hua Ding
- School of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shang-Da Road, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Kevin Wu
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, CAS 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China.
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, P.R. China.
| | - Jin-Quan Yu
- The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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14
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Zheng H, Liu C, Wang X, Liu Y, Chen B, Hu Y, Chen Q. Catalytic Undirected Meta-Selective C-H Borylation of Metallocenes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304672. [PMID: 37632714 PMCID: PMC10625117 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Metallocenes are privileged backbones in the fields of synthetic chemistry, catalysis, polymer science, etc. Direct C-H functionalization is undoubtedly the simplest approach for tuning the properties of metallocenes. However, owing to the presence of multiple identical C(sp2 )-H sites, this protocol often suffers from low reactivity and selectivity issues, especially for the regioselective synthesis of 1,3-difunctionalized metallocenes. Herein, an efficient iridium-catalyzed meta-selective C-H borylation of metallocenes is reported. With no need of preinstalled directing groups, this approach enables a rapid synthesis of various boronic esters based on benzoferrocenes, ferrocenes, ruthenocene, and related half sandwich complex. A broad range of electron-deficient and -rich functional groups are all compatible with the process. Notably, C-H borylation of benzoferrocenes takes place exclusively at the benzene ring, which is likely ascribed to the shielding effect of pentamethylcyclopentadiene. The synthetic utility is further demonstrated by easy scalability to gram quantities, the conversion of boron to heteroatoms including N3 , SePh, and OAc, as well as diverse cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Chang‐Hui Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Yu Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Bing‐Zhi Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Cheng Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyChina University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhouJiangsu221116P. R. China
| | - Qing‐An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian116023P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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15
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Favaron C, Gabano E, Zanellato I, Gaiaschi L, Casali C, Bottone MG, Ravera M. Effects of Ferrocene and Ferrocenium on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells and Interconnection with Regulated Cell Death Pathways. Molecules 2023; 28:6469. [PMID: 37764244 PMCID: PMC10537025 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of ferrocene (Fc) and ferrocenium (Fc+) induced in triple negative human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were explored by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy analysis. The different abilities of Fc and Fc+ to produce reactive oxygen species and induce oxidative stress were clearly observed by activating apoptosis and morphological changes after treatment, but also after tests performed on the model organism D. discoideum, particularly in the case of Fc+. The induction of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by an overload of lipid peroxides in cellular membranes, occurred after 2 h of treatment with Fc+ but not Fc. However, the more stable Fc showed its effects by activating necroptosis after a longer-lasting treatment. The differences observed in terms of cell death mechanisms and timing may be due to rapid interconversion between the two oxidative forms of internalized iron species (from Fe2+ to Fe3+ and vice versa). Potential limitations include the fact that iron metabolism and mitophagy have not been investigated. However, the ability of both Fc and Fc+ to trigger different and interregulated types of cell death makes them suitable to potentially overcome the shortcomings of traditional apoptosis-mediated anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Favaron
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.F.); (L.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Gabano
- Department of Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Piemonte Orientale, Piazza S. Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Zanellato
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Ludovica Gaiaschi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.F.); (L.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Claudio Casali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.F.); (L.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Grazia Bottone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.F.); (L.G.); (C.C.)
| | - Mauro Ravera
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
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16
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Gomes AR, Varela CL, Pires AS, Tavares-da-Silva EJ, Roleira FMF. Synthetic and natural guanidine derivatives as antitumor and antimicrobial agents: A review. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106600. [PMID: 37209561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Guanidines are fascinating small nitrogen-rich organic compounds, which have been frequently associated with a wide range of biological activities. This is mainly due to their interesting chemical features. For these reasons, for the past decades, researchers have been synthesizing and evaluating guanidine derivatives. In fact, there are currently on the market several guanidine-bearing drugs. Given the broad panoply of pharmacological activities displayed by guanidine compounds, in this review, we chose to focus on antitumor, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and antiprotozoal activities presented by several natural and synthetic guanidine derivatives, which are undergoing preclinical and clinical studies from January 2010 to January 2023. Moreover, we also present guanidine-containing drugs currently in the market for the treatment of cancer and several infectious diseases. In the preclinical and clinical setting, most of the synthesized and natural guanidine derivatives are being evaluated as antitumor and antibacterial agents. Even though DNA is the most known target of this type of compounds, their cytotoxicity also involves several other different mechanisms, such as interference with bacterial cell membranes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, mediated-Rac1 inhibition, among others. As for the compounds already used as pharmacological drugs, their main application is in the treatment of different types of cancer, such as breast, lung, prostate, and leukemia. Guanidine-containing drugs are also being used for the treatment of bacterial, antiprotozoal, antiviral infections and, recently, have been proposed for the treatment of COVID-19. To conclude, the guanidine group is a privileged scaffold in drug design. Its remarkable cytotoxic activities, especially in the field of oncology, still make it suitable for a deeper investigation to afford more efficient and target-specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Gomes
- Univ Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla L Varela
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana S Pires
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Praceta Professor Mota Pinto, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisiário J Tavares-da-Silva
- Univ Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Fernanda M F Roleira
- Univ Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pólo III - Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
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17
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Allison M, Caramés-Méndez P, Hofmann BJ, Pask CM, Phillips RM, Lord RM, McGowan PC. Cytotoxicity of Ruthenium(II) Arene Complexes Containing Functionalized Ferrocenyl β-Diketonate Ligands. Organometallics 2023; 42:1869-1881. [PMID: 37592952 PMCID: PMC10428205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of 24 ruthenium(II) arene complexes of the type [(p-cym)RuCl(Fc-acac)] (where p-cym = p-cymene and Fc-acac = functionalized ferrocenyl β-diketonate ligands) are reported, including single-crystal X-ray diffraction for 21 new complexes. Chemosensitivity studies have been conducted against human pancreatic carcinoma (MIA PaCa-2), human colorectal adenocarcinoma p53-wildtype (HCT116 p53+/+) and normal human retinal epithelial cell lines (APRE-19). The most active complex, which contains a 2-furan-substituted ligand (4), is 5x more cytotoxic than the analogs 3-furan complex (5) against MIA PaCa-2. Several complexes were screened under hypoxic conditions and at shorter-time incubations, and their ability to damage DNA was determined by the comet assay. Compounds were also screened for their potential to inhibit the growth of both bacterial and fungal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Allison
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Pablo Caramés-Méndez
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K.
| | - Benjamin J. Hofmann
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K.
| | - Christopher M. Pask
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Roger M. Phillips
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, U.K.
| | - Rianne M. Lord
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K.
- School
of Chemistry and Biosciences, University
of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, U.K.
| | - Patrick C. McGowan
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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18
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Ornelas C, Astruc D. Ferrocene-Based Drugs, Delivery Nanomaterials and Fenton Mechanism: State of the Art, Recent Developments and Prospects. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2044. [PMID: 37631259 PMCID: PMC10458437 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferrocene has been the most used organometallic moiety introduced in organic and bioinorganic drugs to cure cancers and various other diseases. Following several pioneering studies, two real breakthroughs occurred in 1996 and 1997. In 1996, Jaouen et al. reported ferrocifens, ferrocene analogs of tamoxifen, the chemotherapeutic for hormone-dependent breast cancer. Several ferrocifens are now in preclinical evaluation. Independently, in 1997, ferroquine, an analog of the antimalarial drug chloroquine upon the introduction of a ferrocenyl substituent in the carbon chain, was reported by the Biot-Brocard group and found to be active against both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Ferroquine, in combination with artefenomel, completed phase IIb clinical evaluation in 2019. More than 1000 studies have been published on ferrocenyl-containing pharmacophores against infectious diseases, including parasitic, bacterial, fungal, and viral infections, but the relationship between structure and biological activity has been scarcely demonstrated, unlike for ferrocifens and ferroquines. In a majority of ferrocene-containing drugs, however, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in particular the OH. radical, produced by Fenton catalysis, plays a key role and is scrutinized in this mini-review, together with the supramolecular approach utilizing drug delivery nanosystems, such as micelles, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), polymers, and dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Ornelas
- ChemistryX, R&D Department, R&D and Consulting Company, 9000-160 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Didier Astruc
- University of Bordeaux, ISM, UMR CNRS, No. 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, CEDEX, 33405 Talence, France
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19
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Dewangan S, Mishra A, Halder B, Mishra A, Dhiman R, Chatterjee S. Unsymmetrically bi-functionalized 1,1’-ferrocenyl bi-hydrazone and hydrazone-cyanovinyl molecules as fluorescent “on-off” sensor: Synthesis, cytotoxicity and cancer cell imaging behavior. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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20
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Solid state synthesis of bispyridyl-ferrocene conjugates with unusual site selective 1,4-Michael addition, as potential inhibitor and electrochemical probe for fibrillation in amyloidogenic protein. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Synthesis, FTIR, NMR, UV–vis and electrochemistry analysis of ferrocenyl Schiff bases. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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22
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Farh MK, Louzi I, Abul-Futouh H, Görls H, Häfner N, Runnebaum IB, Weigand W. Platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes mediated by β-hydroxy-dithioesters ferrocenyl derivatives: synthesis, characterization and antiproliferative activity. J Sulphur Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2022.2152285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Micheal K. Farh
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ikrame Louzi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Hassan Abul-Futouh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Helmar Görls
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Norman Häfner
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ingo B. Runnebaum
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weigand
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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23
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Zhong J, Hong Z, Huang S, Zhong Q, Zhang L, Zhao S, Liang H, Huang FP. A triphenylphosphine coordinated Cu(I) Fenton-like agent with ferrocene moieties for enhanced chemodynamic therapy. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18054-18058. [PMID: 36373723 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03088h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A triphenylphosphine coordinated Cu(I) complex of Fc-OD-Cu was rationally designed for chemodynamic therapy (CDT) of cancer. The complex was capable of generating a highly toxic hydroxyl radical (˙OH) via a Fenton-like reaction induced by Cu(I) moieties and simultaneously mediated by ferrocene moieties. As a result, the CDT efficiency of Fc-OD-Cu is higher than that of Ba-OD-Cu (without ferrocene moieties) and Fc-OD (without Cu(I) moieties).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaoguo Hong
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Sudi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Qiongqiong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Shulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Fu-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, P. R. China.
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24
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Rivas F, Del Mármol C, Scalese G, Pérez-Díaz L, Machado I, Blacque O, Medeiros A, Comini M, Gambino D. New multifunctional Ru(II) organometallic compounds show activity against Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania infantum. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 237:112016. [PMID: 36244312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and leishmaniasis are prevalent zoonotic diseases caused by genomically related trypanosomatid protozoan parasites (Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania spp). Additionally, both are co-endemic in certain regions of the world. Only a small number of old drugs exist for their treatment, with most of them sharing poor safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetic profiles. In this work, new multifunctional Ru(II) ferrocenyl compounds were rationally designed as potential agents against these trypanosomatid parasites by including in a single molecule 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) and two bioactive bidentate ligands: 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives (8HQs) and polypyridyl ligands (NN). Three [Ru(8HQs)(dppf)(NN)](PF6) compounds were synthesized and fully characterized. They showed in vitro activity on bloodstream Trypanosoma brucei (IC50 140-310 nM) and on Leishmania infantum promastigotes (IC50 3.0-4.8 μM). The compounds showed good selectivity towards T. brucei in respect to J774 murine macrophages as mammalian cell model (SI 15-38). Changing hexafluorophosphate counterion by chloride led to a three-fold increase in activity on both parasites and to a two to three-fold increase in selectivity towards the pathogens. The compounds affect in vitro at least the targets of the individual bioactive moieties included in the new chemical entities: DNA and generation of ROS. The compounds are stable in solution and are more lipophilic than the free bioactive ligands. No clear correlation between lipophilicity, interaction with DNA or generation of ROS and activity was detected, which agrees with their overall similar anti-trypanosoma potency and selectivity. These compounds are promising candidates for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feriannys Rivas
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Programa de Posgrado en Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Del Mármol
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Scalese
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Leticia Pérez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Machado
- Área Química Analítica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Medeiros
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo Comini
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Área Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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25
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Roy G, Gupta R, Ranjan Sahoo S, Saha S, Asthana D, Chandra Mondal P. Ferrocene as an iconic redox marker: From solution chemistry to molecular electronic devices. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Ramos-Inza S, Plano D, Sanmartín C. Metal-based compounds containing selenium: An appealing approach towards novel therapeutic drugs with anticancer and antimicrobial effects. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114834. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Wu X, Chi YR. Exploring Molecular Complexity by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis: New Activation and Reaction Diversity. CHEM REC 2022:e202200219. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Liu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University, Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University, Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Xingxing Wu
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University, Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of Education Guizhou University, Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
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28
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Makoś MZ, Gurunathan PK, Raugei S, Kowalski K, Glezakou VA, Rousseau R. Modeling Absolute Redox Potentials of Ferrocene in the Condensed Phase. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10005-10010. [PMID: 36264148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Absolute thermodynamic quantities for critical chemical reactions are needed to determine the role of solvents and reactive environments in catalysis and electrocatalysis. Theoretical methods can provide such quantification but are often hindered by the innate complexity of electron correlation and dynamic relaxation of solvent environments. We present and validate a protocol for calculating the redox potentials of the ferrocene/ferrocenium redox pair in acetonitrile. Equation-of-motion and effective fragment potential (EFP) methods are used to characterize the adiabatic and vertical ionization potentials as well as the electron affinity processes. We benchmark molecular mechanics against the EFP model to show the differences in the ferrocene electronic polarizability in two redox states. Our best estimate of the redox potential (4.94 eV) agrees well with the experimental value (4.93 eV). This demonstrates the ability of modern computational methods to predict absolute redox potentials quantitatively and to quantify the correlation of dynamic effects, which underlie their origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Zofia Makoś
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Pradeep Kumar Gurunathan
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Simone Raugei
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Karol Kowalski
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | | | - Roger Rousseau
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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29
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Tong KKH, Riisom M, Leung E, Hanif M, Söhnel T, Jamieson SMF, Hartinger CG. Impact of Coordination Mode and Ferrocene Functionalization on the Anticancer Activity of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Half-Sandwich Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17226-17241. [PMID: 36240488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The substitution of phenyl rings in established drugs with ferrocenyl moieties has been reported to yield compounds with improved biological activity and alternative modes of action, often involving the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Translating this concept to N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes, we report here organometallics with a piano-stool structure that feature di- or tridentate ligand systems. The ligands impacted the cytotoxic activity of the NHC complexes, but the coordination modes seemed to have a limited influence, which may be related to the propensity of forming the same species in solution. In general, the stability of the complexes in an aqueous environment and their reactivity to selected biomolecules were largely dominated by the nature of the metal center. While the complexes promoted the formation of ROS, the levels did not correlate with their cytotoxic activity. However, the introduction of ferrocenyl moieties had a significant impact on the antiproliferative potency of the complexes and, in particular, some of the ferrocenyl-functionalized compounds yielded IC50 values in the low μM range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin K H Tong
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mie Riisom
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Euphemia Leung
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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30
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Abstract
Treatment of 3,4-(ClC(O))2-cC4H2S (1) with [FcCH2OLi] (2-Li) (Fc = Fe(η5-C5H5)(η5-C5H4)) in a 1:2 ratio gave 3,4-(FcCH2OC(O))2-cC4H2S (3). Compound 3 decomposes in solution during crystallization to produce FcCH2OH (2) along with 3,4-thiophenedicarboxylic anhydride (4). The cyclic voltammogram of 3 exhibits a reversible ferrocene-related redox couple (E1/2 = 108 mV, vs. Cp2Fe/Cp2Fe+) using [NnBu4] [B(C6F5)4] as the supporting electrolyte. DFT calculations reveal that the energy values of the LUMO orbitals of 3 (3,4-thiophene core) show 1 eV higher energies than that one of 2,5-(FcCH2OC(O))2-cC4H2S (5), both compounds’ HOMO orbitals are close to each other. Compound 4 was characterized by single X-ray structure analysis. It forms a band-type structure based on intermolecular O1···S1 interactions being parallel to (110) and (1–10) in the solid state, while electrostatic C···O interactions between the C=O functionalities of adjacent molecules connect both 3D-networks. Hirshfeld surface analysis was used to gain more insight into the intermolecular interactions in 4, the enrichment ratios (E) suggest that O···H, S···S, and O···C are the most favored intermolecular interactions, as shown by E values above 1.20. The relevance of the weak O···H, O···O, and O···C contacts in stabilizing the molecular structure of 4 was highlighted by the interaction energies between molecular pairs.
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31
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Electrochemically driven regioselective C-H phosphorylation of group 8 metallocenes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3496. [PMID: 35715392 PMCID: PMC9206016 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallocenes are privileged backbones for synthesis and catalysis. However, the direct dehydrogenative C−H functionalization of unsymmetric metallocenes suffers from reactivity and selectivity issues. Herein, we report an electrochemically driven regioselective C−H phosphorylation of group 8 metallocenes. Mechanistic investigations indicate this dehydrogenative cross coupling occurs through an electrophilic radical substitution of the metallocene with a phosphoryl radical, facilitated by the metallocene itself. This work not only offers an efficient and divergent synthesis of phosphorylated metallocenes, but also provides a guide to interpret the reactivity and regioselectivity for the C−H functionalization of unsymmetric metallocenes. Metallocene-based phosphines are compounds with potential use in catalysis. Here, the authors report the electrochemical regioselective functionalization of group 8 metallocenes with phosphine oxides; over 60 examples of phosphorylated (benzo)ferrocenes and ruthenocenes can be accessed via this method without the need for a preinstalled directing group.
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32
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Synthetic and DFT Modeling Studies on Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions of 4,5-Dibromo-2-methylpyridazin-3(2H)-one with Ferrocene Boronates, Accompanied by Hydrodebromination and a Novel Bridge-Forming Annulation In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of the Ferrocenyl–Pyridazinone Products. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presented the efficiency of different Pd-based catalytic systems in a series of SM reactions of 4,5-dibromo-2-methylpyridazin-3(2H)-one with ferroceneboronic acid, ferrocene-1,1′-diboronoc acid, and its bis-pinacol ester. In addition to the disubstituted product, these transformations afford substantial amounts of isomeric 4- and 5-ferrocenyl-2-methylpyridazin-3(2H)-ones, and a unique asymmetric bi-pyridazinone-bridged ferrocenophane with a screwed molecular architecture. The reactions of phenylboronic acid, conducted under the conditions, are proven to be the most reductive in the conversions of ferroceneboronic acid, and produce 2-methyl-4,5-diphenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one as single product, supporting our view about solvent-mediated hydrodehalogenations that are supposed to proceed via the assistance of the ferrocenyl group present in the reaction mixture, or attached to the bromo-pyridazinone scaffold, which is constructed in the first SM coupling of the heterocyclic precursor. A comparative DFT modelling study on the structures and possible transformations of relevant bromo-, ferrocene- and phenyl-containing carbopalladated intermediate pairs was carried out, providing reasonable mechanisms suitable to account for the apparently surprising regioselectivity of the alternative hydrodebromination processes, and for the formation of the ferrocenophane product. Supporting the results of DFT modelling studies, the implication of DMF as a hydrogen transfer agent in the hydrodebromination reactions is evidenced by deuterium labelling experiments using the solvent mixtures DMF-d7–H2O (4:1) and DMF–D2O (4:1). The organometallic products display antiproliferative effects on human malignant cell lines.
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33
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Qiao L, Zhang AA, Chen J, Li GW, Gao YY, Fan B, Liu L. Palladium-Catalyzed Disilylation of 2-Bromoarylferrocenes: An Efficient Approach to 1-Trimethylsilyl-2-(2-trimethylsilylaryl)ferrocenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Synthesis, structure of 5,7-dimethyl-3-ferrocenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo- [1,2-a]-pyrazol-4-ium tetrafluoroborate. DFTB calculations of interaction with DNA. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Lv X, Xu J, Sun C, Su F, Cai Y, Jin Z, Chi YR. Access to Planar Chiral Ferrocenes via N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Enantioselective Desymmetrization Reactions. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Lv
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Cuiyun Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Fen Su
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuanlin Cai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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Dahlen M, Vázquez Quesada J, Santos Correa L, Münzfeld L, Reinfandt N, Klopper W, Roesky PW. Investigation of the Coordination Chemistry of a Bisamidinate Ferrocene Ligand with Cu, Ag, and Au. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:4683-4693. [PMID: 35155960 PMCID: PMC8829862 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of a ferrocene ligand with one bulky amidinate function attached to each ring toward two different coinage metal precursors was investigated. In dependence of the metal and the co-ligands, "ansa" type structures and non-bridged structures were obtained. Six different compounds are reported. In the "ansa" type structures, short Fe-M (M = Cu, Ag) distances were observed in the molecular structures in the solid state. However, theoretical calculations (DFT) did not reveal a stabilizing metal-metal interaction. Instead, dispersion interactions within the ligand and between the ligand and metal seem to represent the main stabilization forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Dahlen
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Juana Vázquez Quesada
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Luis Santos Correa
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Luca Münzfeld
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Niklas Reinfandt
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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37
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Scattolin T, Moro G, Serena A, Pattaro AG, Rizzolio F, Canzonieri V, Demitri N, Bortolamiol E, Moretto LM, Visentin F. Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of Ferrocenyl complexes bearing different organopalladium fragments. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Giulia Moro
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Anita Serena
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Alessia Guadagnin Pattaro
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano Italy
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447 Trieste Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Area Science Park, Elettra‐Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste Italy
| | - Enrica Bortolamiol
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Ligia Maria Moretto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
| | - Fabiano Visentin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems Università Ca’ Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia‐Mestre Italy
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38
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Valdés H, Germán-Acacio JM, van Koten G, Morales-Morales D. Bimetallic complexes that merge metallocene and pincer-metal building blocks: synthesis, stereochemistry and catalytic reactivity. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:1724-1744. [PMID: 34985477 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03870b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This perspective is to illustrate the synthesis and applications of bimetallic complexes by merging a metallocene and a (cyclopentadienyl/aryl) pincer metal complex. Four possible ways to merge metallocene and pincer-metal motifs are reported and representative examples are discussed in more detail. These bimetallic complexes have been employed in some important catalytic reactions such as cross-coupling, transfer hydrogenation or synthesis of ammonia. The metallocene fragment may tune the electronic properties of the pincer ligand, due to its redox reversible properties. Also, the presence of two metals in a single complex allows their electronic communication, which proved beneficial for, e.g., the catalytic activity of some species. The presence of the metallocene fragment provides an excellent opportunity to develop chiral catalysts, because the metallocene merger generally renders the two faces of the pincer-metal catalytic site diastereotopic. Besides, an extra chiral functionality may be added to the bimetallic species by using pincer motifs that are planar chiral, e.g. by using the different substituents of pincer ligand "arms" or non-symmetrical arene groupings. Post-functionalization of pre-formed pincer-metal complexes, via η6-coordination with an areneophile such as [CpRu]+ and [Cp*Ru]+ presents a striking strategy to obtain diastereomeric metallocene-pincer type derivatives, that actually involve half-sandwich metallocenes. This approach offers the possibility to create diastereomerically pure derivatives by using the chiral TRISPHAT anion. The authors hope that this report of the synthetic, physico-chemical properties and remarkable catalytic activities of metallocene-based pincer-metal complexes will inspire other researchers to continue exploring this realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Valdés
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Juan M Germán-Acacio
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica-UNAM, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, C. P.14000, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gerard van Koten
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México. C. P. 04510, Mexico.
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39
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Mazur M, Ziemkiewicz K, Rawiak K, Kisiel K, Wińska P, Deresz K, Jarzembska KN, Buchowicz W. N ‐Allyl‐N‐ferrocenylmethylamines and ansa‐ferrocenylmethylamines: Synthesis, Structure, and Biological Evaluation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mazur
- Warsaw University of Technology: Politechnika Warszawska Faculty of Chemistry Noakowskiego 3Warsaw 00-664 Warsaw POLAND
| | - Kamil Ziemkiewicz
- Warsaw University of Technology: Politechnika Warszawska Faculty of Chemistry Noakowskiego 3Warsaw 00-664 Warsaw POLAND
| | - Karol Rawiak
- Warsaw University of Technology: Politechnika Warszawska Faculty of Chemistry Noakowskiego 3Warsaw 00-664 Warsaw POLAND
| | - Kacper Kisiel
- Warsaw University of Technology: Politechnika Warszawska Faculty of Chemistry Noakowskiego 3Warsaw 00-664 Warsaw POLAND
| | - Patrycja Wińska
- Warsaw University of Technology: Politechnika Warszawska Faculty of Chemistry Noakowskiego 3Warsaw 00-664 Warsaw POLAND
| | - Krystyna Deresz
- University of Warsaw: Uniwersytet Warszawski Department of Chemistry Zwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw POLAND
| | - Katarzyna N. Jarzembska
- University of Warsaw: Uniwersytet Warszawski Department of Chemistry Zwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw POLAND
| | - Włodzimierz Buchowicz
- Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Chemistry Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warszawa POLAND
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40
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Pérez-Sánchez JC, HERRERA RAQUELPEREZ, Gimeno MC. Ferrocenyl gold complexes as efficient catalysts. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202101067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza Química Inorgánica Pedro Cerbuna, 12 50009 Zaragoza SPAIN
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41
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Gambino D, Otero L. Facing Diseases Caused by Trypanosomatid Parasites: Rational Design of Pd and Pt Complexes With Bioactive Ligands. Front Chem 2022; 9:816266. [PMID: 35071192 PMCID: PMC8777014 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.816266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), Chagas disease or American Trypanosomiasis (CD), and leishmaniases are protozoan infections produced by trypanosomatid parasites belonging to the kinetoplastid order and they constitute an urgent global health problem. In fact, there is an urgent need of more efficient and less toxic chemotherapy for these diseases. Medicinal inorganic chemistry currently offers an attractive option for the rational design of new drugs and, in particular, antiparasitic ones. In this sense, one of the main strategies for the design of metal-based antiparasitic compounds has been the coordination of an organic ligand with known or potential biological activity, to a metal centre or an organometallic core. Classical metal coordination complexes or organometallic compounds could be designed as multifunctional agents joining, in a single molecule, different chemical species that could affect different parasitic targets. This review is focused on the rational design of palladium(II) and platinum(II) compounds with bioactive ligands as prospective drugs against trypanosomatid parasites that has been conducted by our group during the last 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinorah Gambino
- Área Química Inorgánica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Otero
- Área Química Inorgánica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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42
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Abstract
The discovery of ferrocene, [Fe(η5-C5H5)2], seventy years ago has significantly influenced chemical research and provided a key impetus for establishing and rapidly expanding organometallic chemistry, which has continued at a...
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43
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Bernardo O, González‐Pelayo S, López LA. Synthesis and Applications of Ferrocene‐Fused Nitrogen Heterocycles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaya Bernardo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Oviedo Julián Clavería 8 33006- Oviedo Spain
| | - Silvia González‐Pelayo
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas Facultad de Farmacia Universidad de Salamanca Campus Miguel de Unamuno 37007- Salamanca Spain
| | - Luis A. López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica Instituto Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles” Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) Universidad de Oviedo Julián Clavería 8 33006- Oviedo Spain
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44
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Sharma B, Kumar V. Has Ferrocene Really Delivered Its Role in Accentuating the Bioactivity of Organic Scaffolds? J Med Chem 2021; 64:16865-16921. [PMID: 34792350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ferrocene is an important structural core in bioorganometallic chemistry because of its inherent stability, excellent redox properties, and low toxicity. Ferroquine and ferrocifen are two of the most notable contributions of ferrocene to medicinal chemistry with remarkable antimalarial and anticancer properties. The improved medicinal properties of these drug candidates highlight the impact that ferrocene can have on the molecular and biological properties of the bioactive compounds. In this Perspective, we investigate the scope and limitations of ferrocene incorporation into organic compounds/natural products on their mode of action and biological activities. We have also discussed the detailed role of ferrocene modifications in influencing the anticancer, antimalarial, and antimicrobial properties of various bioactive moieties to design safer and promising ferrocene-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharvi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
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45
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The redox mechanism of ferrocene and its phytochemical and biochemical compounds in anticancer therapy: A mini review. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.109044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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46
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Kovalevsky RA, Kucherenko AS, Korlyukov AA, Zlotin SG. Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of 3‐Hydroxychromen‐4‐Ones to Electron‐Deficient Olefins Catalyzed by Recyclable C
2
‐Symmetric Squaramide. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan A. Kovalevsky
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Prospect 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Department of Chemistry Leninskie gory 1–3 119234 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Kucherenko
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Prospect 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A. Korlyukov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Sergei G. Zlotin
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Prospect 119991 Moscow Russian Federation
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47
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kumar Sikder B, Naidu Ganivada M, Jana T. Functional Alkyl‐Ferrocene Grafted Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bikash kumar Sikder
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials University of Hyderabad Hyderabad 500 046 India
| | - Mutyala Naidu Ganivada
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials University of Hyderabad Hyderabad 500 046 India
| | - Tushar Jana
- Advanced Centre of Research in High Energy Materials University of Hyderabad Hyderabad 500 046 India
- School of Chemistry University of Hyderabad Hyderabad 500 046 India
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48
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Braccini S, Rizzi G, Biancalana L, Pratesi A, Zacchini S, Pampaloni G, Chiellini F, Marchetti F. Anticancer Diiron Vinyliminium Complexes: A Structure-Activity Relationship Study. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1158. [PMID: 34452119 PMCID: PMC8398472 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 16 novel diiron complexes of general formula [Fe2Cp2(CO)(μ-CO){μ-η1:η3-C(R')C(R″)CN(R)(Y)}]CF3SO3 (2-7), bearing different substituents on the bridging vinyliminium ligand, was synthesized in 69-95% yields from the reactions of diiron μ-aminocarbyne precursors with various alkynes. The products were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy; moreover the X-ray structures of 2c (R = Y = CH2Ph, R' = R″ = Me) and 3a (R = CH2CH=CH2, Y = R' = Me, R″ = H) were ascertained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. NMR and UV-Vis methods were used to assess the D2O solubility, the stability in aqueous solution at 37 °C and the octanol-water partition coefficients of the complexes. A screening study evidenced a potent cytotoxicity of 2-7 against the A2780 cancer cell line, with a remarkable selectivity compared to the nontumoral Balb/3T3 cell line; complex 4c (R = Cy, Y = R' = R″ = Me) revealed as the most performant of the series. The antiproliferative activity of a selection of complexes was also assessed on the cisplatin-resistant A2780cisR cancer cell line, and these complexes were capable of inducing a significant ROS production. Moreover, ESI-MS experiments indicated the absence of interaction of selected complexes with cytochrome c and the potentiality to inhibit the thioredoxin reductase enzyme (TrxR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Braccini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (G.R.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Giorgia Rizzi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (G.R.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Biancalana
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (G.R.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (G.R.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (G.R.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Federica Chiellini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (G.R.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (G.R.); (L.B.); (A.P.); (G.P.)
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49
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Schmiel S, Butenschön H. New π‐Extended 1,1′‐Disubstituted Ferrocenes with Thioate and Dithioate End Groups. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinem‐Fatma Schmiel
- Institut für Organische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Schneiderberg 1B 30167 Hannover Germany
| | - Holger Butenschön
- Institut für Organische Chemie Leibniz Universität Hannover Schneiderberg 1B 30167 Hannover Germany
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50
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Zhang ZZ, Liao G, Chen HM, Shi BF. Thioamide-Directed Cp*Co(III)-Catalyzed C-H Allylation of Ferrocenes. Org Lett 2021; 23:2626-2631. [PMID: 33711894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the first Cp*Co(III)-catalyzed C-H allylation of ferrocene thioamides with allyl carbonates has been developed. This reaction is compatible with a wide range of functional groups, providing various allylated ferrocene derivatives in up to 90% yields. In addition, the C-H allylation protocol is also compatible with the use of vinylcyclopropanes as allylating reagents by merging C-H and C-C activation into one catalytic system. Mechanistic studies revealed that the thiocarbonyl-directing group plays a vital role in C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Zhuo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Gang Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Hao-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Bing-Feng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.,Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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