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Landaeta VR, Horsley Downie TM, Wolf R. Low-Valent Transition Metalate Anions in Synthesis, Small Molecule Activation, and Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1323-1463. [PMID: 38354371 PMCID: PMC10906008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This review surveys the synthesis and reactivity of low-oxidation state metalate anions of the d-block elements, with an emphasis on contributions reported between 2006 and 2022. Although the field has a long and rich history, the chemistry of transition metalate anions has been greatly enhanced in the last 15 years by the application of advanced concepts in complex synthesis and ligand design. In recent years, the potential of highly reactive metalate complexes in the fields of small molecule activation and homogeneous catalysis has become increasingly evident. Consequently, exciting applications in small molecule activation have been developed, including in catalytic transformations. This article intends to guide the reader through the fascinating world of low-valent transition metalates. The first part of the review describes the synthesis and reactivity of d-block metalates stabilized by an assortment of ligand frameworks, including carbonyls, isocyanides, alkenes and polyarenes, phosphines and phosphorus heterocycles, amides, and redox-active nitrogen-based ligands. Thereby, the reader will be familiarized with the impact of different ligand types on the physical and chemical properties of metalates. In addition, ion-pairing interactions and metal-metal bonding may have a dramatic influence on metalate structures and reactivities. The complex ramifications of these effects are examined in a separate section. The second part of the review is devoted to the reactivity of the metalates toward small inorganic molecules such as H2, N2, CO, CO2, P4 and related species. It is shown that the use of highly electron-rich and reactive metalates in small molecule activation translates into impressive catalytic properties in the hydrogenation of organic molecules and the reduction of N2, CO, and CO2. The results discussed in this review illustrate that the potential of transition metalate anions is increasingly being tapped for challenging catalytic processes with relevance to organic synthesis and energy conversion. Therefore, it is hoped that this review will serve as a useful resource to inspire further developments in this dynamic research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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2
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Yamamoto K, Sugawa T, Murahashi T. Multinuclear coordination of fused benzene ring hydrocarbons. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Preuß A, Korb M, Miesel D, Rüffer T, Hildebrandt A, Lang H. Ferrocenyl naphthalenes: substituent- and substitution pattern-depending charge transfer studies. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14418-14432. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03216a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of a series of ferrocenyl-functionalized naphthalenes is reported, whereby the electrochemical behaviour and charge transfer properties depend on the substitution pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Preuß
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- 09107 Chemnitz
| | - Marcus Korb
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- 09107 Chemnitz
| | - Dominique Miesel
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- 09107 Chemnitz
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- 09107 Chemnitz
| | - Alexander Hildebrandt
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- 09107 Chemnitz
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Technische Universität Chemnitz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry
- 09107 Chemnitz
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4
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Herrmann D, Rödl C, de Bruin B, Hartl F, Wolf R. Synthesis, electronic structure and redox properties of the diruthenium sandwich complexes [Cp*Ru(μ-C10H8)RuCp*]x (x = 0, 1+; Cp* = C5Me5; C10H8 = naphthalene). Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11058-11069. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02003e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Strong electronic coupling was observed between the metal centers in a naphthalene-bridged diruthenium complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Herrmann
- University of Regensburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Christian Rödl
- University of Regensburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - Bas de Bruin
- University of Amsterdam
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
- Homogeneous and Supramolecular Catalysis
- 1098 XH Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
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5
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Casitas A, Krause H, Lutz S, Goddard R, Bill E, Fürstner A. Ligand Exchange on and Allylic C–H Activation by Iron(0) Fragments: π-Complexes, Allyliron Species, and Metallacycles. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Casitas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Helga Krause
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Sigrid Lutz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Richard Goddard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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6
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Groß OA, Lauk S, Müller C, Gidt W, Sun Y, Demeshko S, Meyer F, Sitzmann H. Iron(II) High‐Spin and Low‐Spin Complexes from Pentaisopropylcyclopentadienyliron(II) Bis(trimethylsilyl)amide. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver A. Groß
- FB Chemie TU Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schrödinger‐Strasse 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Sergej Lauk
- FB Chemie TU Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schrödinger‐Strasse 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Carsten Müller
- FB Chemie TU Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schrödinger‐Strasse 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Wjatscheslaw Gidt
- FB Chemie TU Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schrödinger‐Strasse 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Yu Sun
- FB Chemie TU Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schrödinger‐Strasse 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Helmut Sitzmann
- FB Chemie TU Kaiserslautern Erwin‐Schrödinger‐Strasse 54 67663 Kaiserslautern Germany
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7
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Chakraborty U, Modl M, Mühldorf B, Bodensteiner M, Demeshko S, van Velzen NJC, Scheer M, Harder S, Wolf R. Pentaarylcyclopentadienyl Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel Halides. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:3065-74. [PMID: 26950693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of new stable half-sandwich transition metal complexes, having a bulky cyclopentadienyl ligand C5(C6H4-4-Et)5 (Cp(Ar1)) or C5(C6H4-4-nBu)5 (Cp(Ar2)), is reported. The tetrahydrofuran (THF) adduct [Cp(Ar1)Fe(μ-Br)(THF)]2 (1a) was synthesized by reacting K[Cp(Ar1)] with [FeBr2(THF)2] in THF, and its molecular structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. Complex 1a easily loses its coordinated THF molecules under vacuum to form the solvent-free complex [Cp(Ar1)Fe(μ-Br)]2 (1b). The analogous complexes [Cp(Ar1)Co(μ-Br)]2 (2), [Cp(Ar1)Ni(μ-Br)]2 (3), and [Cp(Ar2)Ni(μ-Br)]2 (4) were synthesized from CoBr2 and [NiBr2(1,2-dimethoxyethane)]. The mononuclear, low-spin cobalt(III) and nickel(III) complexes [Cp(Ar2)MI2] (5, M = Co; 6, M = Ni) were prepared by reacting the radical Cp(Ar2) with NiI2 and CoI2. The complexes were characterized by NMR and UV-vis spectroscopies and by elemental analyses. Single-crystal X-ray structure analyses revealed that the dimeric complexes 1a, 1b, and 3 have a planar M2Br2 core, whereas 2 and 4 feature a puckered M2Br2 ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uttam Chakraborty
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg , D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Modl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg , D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Mühldorf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg , D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bodensteiner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg , D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen , D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Niels J C van Velzen
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg , D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands.,Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg , D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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Reiners M, Baabe D, Harms K, Maekawa M, Daniliuc CG, Freytag M, Jones PG, Walter MD. N-Heterocyclic carbene adducts to [Cp′FeI]2: synthesis and molecular and electronic structure. Inorg Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qi00235d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adducts [Cp′FeI(NHC)] exhibit a highly anisotropic magnetic Ms = ±2 ground state resulting in unusual large spin–lattice (Orbach) relaxation barriers observed by zero-field 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Reiners
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Dirk Baabe
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Kristoffer Harms
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Miyuki Maekawa
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Matthias Freytag
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Marc D. Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- 38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
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Wang X, Zhao Y, Gong S, Liu B, Li QS, Su JH, Wu B, Yang XJ. Mono- and Dinuclear Heteroleptic Cobalt Complexes with α-Diimine and Polyarene Ligands. Chemistry 2015; 21:13302-10. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Rezaei Rad B, Chakraborty U, Mühldorf B, Sklorz JAW, Bodensteiner M, Müller C, Wolf R. Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl 2,4,6-Triphenylphosphinine Iron Complexes. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om501161y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Rezaei Rad
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uttam Chakraborty
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Mühldorf
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julian A. W. Sklorz
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße
34/36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bodensteiner
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße
34/36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Cyclopentadienyl ruthenium complexes with naphthalene and other polycyclic aromatic ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Kuwabara T, Ishimura K, Sasamori T, Tokitoh N, Saito M. Facile Synthesis of Dibenzopentalene Dianions and Their Application as New π‐Extended Ligands. Chemistry 2014; 20:7571-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kuwabara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo‐okubo, Sakura‐ku, Saitama, 338‐8570 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 48‐858‐3700
| | - Kazuya Ishimura
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Initiative, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444‐8585 (Japan)
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611‐0011 (Japan)
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611‐0011 (Japan)
| | - Masaichi Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo‐okubo, Sakura‐ku, Saitama, 338‐8570 (Japan), Fax: (+81) 48‐858‐3700
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Leusmann E, Wagner M, Rosemann NW, Chatterjee S, Dehnen S. Synthesis, crystal structure, and photoluminescence studies of a ruthenocenyl-decorated Sn/S cluster. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:4228-33. [PMID: 24716534 DOI: 10.1021/ic500367y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported on ferrocenyl-decorated Sn/S clusters; herein, we present the extension of our investigations by attachment of ruthenocenyl units to an according cluster skeleton. The latter was realized upon improvement of the synthesis of acetylruthenocene, its conversion to a hydrazone derivative, and the subsequent reaction with a keto-functionalized Sn/S precursor complex. The report comprises the crystal structures of acetylruthenocene and the ruthenocenyl-terminated Sn/S cluster [(R(Rc)Sn)4Sn2S10] (R(Rc) = CMe2CH2C(Me)═N-N═C(Me)Rc), as well as the discussion of the electrochemical properties of the latter and its behavior during time-resolved photoluminescence investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Leusmann
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Str., D-35043 Marburg, Germany
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Rezaei Rad B, Herrmann D, Lescop C, Wolf R. A tetradentate metalloligand: synthesis and coordination behaviour of a 2-pyridyl-substituted cyclobutadiene iron complex. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:4247-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52699b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel cyclobutadiene iron complex with four 2-pyridyl-substitutents acts as a bis(bidentate) chelate ligand toward Zn2+ cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Rezaei Rad
- University of Regensburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Herrmann
- University of Regensburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christophe Lescop
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS
- Université de Rennes 1 Campus de Beaulieu
- 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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