1
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Hill NDD, Lilienthal E, Bender CO, Boeré RT. Accurate Crystal Structures of C 12H 9CN, C 12H 8(CN) 2, and C 16H 11CN Valence Isomers Using Nonspherical Atomic Scattering Factors. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16213-16229. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D. D. Hill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
- The Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies (C-CRAFT), University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
| | - Elaura Lilienthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
- The Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies (C-CRAFT), University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
| | - Christopher O. Bender
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
| | - René T. Boeré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
- The Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies (C-CRAFT), University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4
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2
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McGlinchey MJ. The Effect of Benzannulation on the Structures, Reactivity and Molecular Dynamics of Indenes, Pentalenes, Azulenes and Related Molecules. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123882. [PMID: 35745005 PMCID: PMC9229948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The stabilising effect of benzannulation on isoindenes formed in the course of sigmatropic shifts of (C5H5)Fe(CO)2 or of organo-silyl groups, and on exocyclic allyl intermediates in the course of haptotropic shifts of organometallic fragments over polycyclic skeletons (fluorene, cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene, syn and anti dibenzpentalenes) is exemplified. This approach led to the development of the first organometallic molecular brake. Benzyne cycloadditions to anthracenes to form triptycenes also led to unexpected or multiple adducts that were characterised by X-ray crystallography. Synthetic routes to the previously elusive benz[cd]azulene system are presented. Finally, the complete mechanism of the stepwise assembly of dispiro- and diindenyltetracenes from fluorenylallenes is presented, whereby every intermediate has been unambiguously structurally characterised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McGlinchey
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland
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3
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Huynh VN, Leitner M, Bhattacharyya A, Uhlstein L, Kreitmeier P, Sakrausky P, Rehbein J, Reiser O. Diels-Alder reactions and electrophilic substitutions with atypical regioselectivity enable functionalization of terminal rings of anthracene. Commun Chem 2020; 3:158. [PMID: 36703384 PMCID: PMC9814106 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversing the regioselectivity of the renowned Diels-Alder reaction by overriding the usual thermodynamic and kinetic governing factors has always been a formidable challenge to synthetic organic chemists. Anthracenes are well-known to undergo [4 + 2]-cycloadditions with dienophiles at their 9,10-positions (central ring) over 1,4-positions (terminal ring) guided by the relative aromatic stabilization energy of the two possible products, and also by harboring the largest orbital coefficients of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) at the 9,10-positions. We, herein, report a 1,4-selective [4 + 2]-cycloaddition strategy of 9,10-unsubstituted anthracenes by installing electron-donating substituents on the terminal rings which is heretofore unprecedented to the best of our knowledge. The developed synthetic strategy does not require any premeditated engagement of the 9,10-positions either with any sterically bulky or electron-withdrawing substituents and allows delicate calibration of the regioselectivity by modulating the electron-donating strength of the substituents on the terminal rings. Likewise, the regioselective functionalization of the terminal anthracene ring in electrophilic substitution reactions is demonstrated. A mechanistic rationale is offered with the aid of detailed computational studies, and finally, synthetic applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Ngoc Huynh
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany ,grid.454160.20000 0004 0642 8526University of Science, Vietnam National University, 227 Nguyễn Văn Cừ street, district 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Michael Leitner
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Aditya Bhattacharyya
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Uhlstein
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kreitmeier
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Sakrausky
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Rehbein
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Reiser
- grid.7727.50000 0001 2190 5763Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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4
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McGlinchey MJ, Nikitin K. Palladium-Catalysed Coupling Reactions En Route to Molecular Machines: Sterically Hindered Indenyl and Ferrocenyl Anthracenes and Triptycenes, and Biindenyls. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081950. [PMID: 32331469 PMCID: PMC7222022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pd-catalysed Stille and Suzuki cross-couplings were used to prepare 9-(3-indenyl)-, 6, and 9-(2-indenyl)-anthracene, 7; addition of benzyne led to the 9-Indenyl-triptycenes, 8 and 9. In 6, [4 + 2] addition also occurred to the indenyl substituent. Reaction of 6 through 9 with Cr(CO)6 or Re2(CO)10 gave their M(CO)3 derivatives, where the Cr or Re was complexed to a six- or five-membered ring, respectively. In the 9-(2-indenyl)triptycene complexes, slowed rotation of the paddlewheel on the NMR time-scale was apparent in the η5-Re(CO)3 case and, when the η6-Cr(CO)3 was deprotonated, the resulting haptotropic shift of the metal tripod onto the five-membered ring also blocked paddlewheel rotation, thus functioning as an organometallic molecular brake. Suzuki coupling of ferrocenylboronic acid to mono- or dibromoanthracene yielded the ferrocenyl anthracenes en route to the corresponding triptycenes in which stepwise hindered rotations of the ferrocenyl groups behaved like molecular dials. CuCl2-mediated coupling of methyl- and phenyl-indenes yielded their rac and meso 2,2′-biindenyls; surprisingly, however, the apparently sterically crowded rac 2,2′-Bis(9-triptycyl)biindenyl functioned as a freely rotating set of molecular gears. The predicted high rotation barrier in 9-phenylanthracene was experimentally validated via the Pd-catalysed syntheses of di(3-fluorophenyl)anthracene and 9-(1-naphthyl)-10-phenylanthracene.
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5
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Preuß A, Notz S, Kovalski E, Korb M, Blaudeck T, Hu X, Schuster J, Miesel D, Rüffer T, Hildebrandt A, Schreiter K, Spange S, Schulz SE, Lang H. Ferrocenyl-Pyrenes, Ferrocenyl-9,10-Phenanthrenediones, and Ferrocenyl-9,10-Dimethoxyphenanthrenes: Charge-Transfer Studies and SWCNT Functionalization. Chemistry 2020; 26:2635-2652. [PMID: 31650632 PMCID: PMC7064959 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1-Fc- (3), 1-Br-6-Fc- (5 a), 2-Br-7-Fc- (7 a), 1,6-Fc2 - (5 b), 2,7-Fc2 -pyrene (7 b), 3,6-Fc2 -9,10-phenanthrenedione (10), and 3,6-Fc2 -9,10-dimethoxyphenanthrene (12; Fc=Fe(η5 -C5 H4 )(η5 -C5 H5 )) is discussed. Of these compounds, 10 and 12 form 1D or 2D coordination polymers in the solid state. (Spectro)Electrochemical studies confirmed reversible Fc/Fc+ redox events between -130 and 160 mV. 1,6- and 2,7-Substitution in 5 a (E°'=-130 mV) and 7 a (E°'=50 mV) influences the redox potentials, whereas the ones of 5 b and 7 b (E°'=20 mV) are independent. Compounds 5 b, 7 b, 10, and 12 show single Fc oxidation processes with redox splittings between 70 and 100 mV. UV/Vis/NIR spectroelectrochemistry confirmed a weak electron transfer between FeII /FeIII in mixed-valent [5 b]+ and [12]+ . DFT calculations showed that 5 b non-covalently interacts with the single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) sidewalls as proven by, for example, disentangling experiments. In addition, CV studies of the as-obtained dispersions confirmed exohedral attachment of 5 b at the SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Preuß
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Notz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Eduard Kovalski
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Marcus Korb
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany.,Current address: Faculty of Science, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Thomas Blaudeck
- Center for Microtechnologies (ZfM), Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems (ENAS), Technologie-Campus 3, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Xiao Hu
- Center for Microtechnologies (ZfM), Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems (ENAS), Technologie-Campus 3, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jörg Schuster
- Center for Microtechnologies (ZfM), Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems (ENAS), Technologie-Campus 3, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Dominique Miesel
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Alexander Hildebrandt
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Katja Schreiter
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Stefan Spange
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Stefan E Schulz
- Center for Microtechnologies (ZfM), Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems (ENAS), Technologie-Campus 3, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
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6
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Nikitin K, Ortin Y, Müller-Bunz H, Gilheany DG, McGlinchey MJ. Syntheses, Structures and Dynamics of 9-(Ferrocenylmethyl)anthracene and Related Molecular Gears: Phosphorus to the Rescue! European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Nikitin
- School of Chemistry; University College Dublin; 4 Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Yannick Ortin
- School of Chemistry; University College Dublin; 4 Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Helge Müller-Bunz
- School of Chemistry; University College Dublin; 4 Belfield, Dublin Ireland
| | - Declan G. Gilheany
- School of Chemistry; University College Dublin; 4 Belfield, Dublin Ireland
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7
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Harrington LE, Britten JF, Nikitin K, McGlinchey MJ. A Synthetic, X-ray, NMR Spectroscopy and DFT Study of β-Naphthil Dihydrazone, Di(β-naphthyl)acetylene, Tetra(β-naphthyl)cyclopentadienone, and Hexa(β-naphthyl)-benzene: C 6
(C 10
H 7
) 6
Is a Disordered Molecular Propeller. Chempluschem 2017; 82:433-441. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - James F. Britten
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; Hamilton ON L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - Kirill Nikitin
- School of Chemistry; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
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8
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Substituent Effects on Regioselectivity of the Diels-Alder Reactions: Reactions of 10-Allyl-1,8-dichloroanthracene with 2-Chloroacrylonitrile, 1-Cyanovinyl Acetate and Phenyl Vinyl Sulfone. J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/3943060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diels-Alder reaction of 10-allyl-1,8-dichloroanthracene (3) with 2-chloroacrylonitrile (4) and 1-cyanovinyl acetate (5) gives exclusively theorthoisomer while its reaction with phenyl vinyl sulfone (10) yields a mixture of two isomeric adducts with priority toorthoisomer. The reactions proceeded under microwave condition in xylene. Configurations of these isomers have been assigned with the help of NMR spectra. The results indicated that the steric effect is dominating toward the isomer regioselectivity in the Diels-Alder reaction of the present compounds.
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9
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Chen Q, Chen H, Meng X, Ma Y. Lewis Acid Assisted Diels-Alder Reaction with Regio- and Stereoselectivity: Anti-1,4-Adducts with Rigid Scaffolds and Their Application in Explosives Sensing. Org Lett 2015; 17:5016-9. [PMID: 26440588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b02487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Unusual anti-1,4-adducts of anthracene derivatives and anti-adducts of inert arenes with rigid scaffolds have been obtained via AlCl3-assisted Diels-Alder reaction in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. Further derivation of 1,4-adducts gave π-conjugated polymers which could act as sensors of explosive species. This highly efficient synthesis method provides versatile approaches to solid-state emissive π-conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- The Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hao Chen
- The Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- The Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuguo Ma
- The Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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10
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Tsuchido Y, Ide T, Suzaki Y, Osakada K. 1,4-Selective Diels–Alder Reaction of 9,10-Diethynylanthracene with 3,6-Difluorobenzyne. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomohito Ide
- Corporate Research & Development Center, Toshiba Corporation
| | - Yuji Suzaki
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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11
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Chen H, Yao E, Xu C, Meng X, Ma Y. Unusual regio- and stereo-selectivity in Diels-Alder reactions between bulky N-phenylmaleimides and anthracene derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:5102-7. [PMID: 24930402 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01052c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Unusual regio- and stereo-selectivity in Diels-Alder (D-A) reactions were achieved between bulky N-phenylmaleimides and anthracene derivatives. Using multiple substituents with steric hindrance on both diene and dienophile, a noticeable shift toward 1,4-addition was successfully obtained. The substrate scope in this reaction was broad and the highest yield of anti-1,4-adducts was over 90%. Novel structures of anti-1,4-adducts were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. This study not only provides the first reported method of synthesizing anti-1,4-adducts and achieving otherwise unattainable regio- and stereo-selectivity, but also elucidates the importance of combining the steric effects of two reactants to shift products toward 1,4-adducts. Moreover, the resulting 1,4-adducts could be further functionalized through their halogen groups via carbon-carbon coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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12
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Kotha S, Chavan AS, Goyal D. Diversity-Oriented Approaches to Polycyclics and Bioinspired Molecules via the Diels-Alder Strategy: Green Chemistry, Synthetic Economy, and Beyond. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2015; 17:253-302. [PMID: 25875156 DOI: 10.1021/co500146u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We describe diverse approaches to various dienes and their utilization in the Diels-Alder reaction to produce a variety of polycycles. The dienes covered here are prepared by simple alkylation reaction or via the Claisen rearrangement or by enyne metathesis of alkyne or enyne building blocks. Here, we have also included the Diels-Alder chemistry of dendralenes, a higher analog of cross-conjugated dienes. The present article is inclusive of o-xylylene derivatives that are generated in situ starting with benzosultine or benzosulfone derivatives. The Diels-Alder reaction of these dienes with various dienophiles gave diverse polycyclic systems and biologically important targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Arjun S. Chavan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Deepti Goyal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076 India
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13
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Nikitin K, Muldoon J, Müller-Bunz H, McGlinchey MJ. A Ferrocenyl Kaleidoscope: Slow Interconversion of Six Diastereo-atropisomers of 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-9,10-diferrocenyltriptycene. Chemistry 2015; 21:4664-70. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Taylor RD, Carta M, Bezzu CG, Walker J, Msayib KJ, Kariuki BM, McKeown NB. Triptycene-based Organic Molecules of Intrinsic Microporosity. Org Lett 2014; 16:1848-51. [PMID: 24635193 PMCID: PMC3991315 DOI: 10.1021/ol500591q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Four Organic Molecules of Intrinsic Microporosity (OMIMs) were prepared by fusing triptycene-based components to a biphenyl core. Due to their rigid molecular structures that cannot pack space efficiently, these OMIMs form amorphous materials with significant microporosity as demonstrated by apparent BET surface areas in the range of 515-702 m(2) g(-1). Bulky cyclic 1',2',3',4'-tetrahydro-1',1',4',4'-tetramethylbenzo units placed on the triptycene termini are especially efficient at enhancing microporosity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariolino Carta
- EaStCHEM
and School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, Scotland, U.K.
| | - C. Grazia Bezzu
- EaStCHEM
and School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, Scotland, U.K.
| | | | - Kadhum J. Msayib
- EaStCHEM
and School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, Scotland, U.K.
| | | | - Neil B. McKeown
- EaStCHEM
and School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, Scotland, U.K.
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15
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Ye X, Cui Y, Wang X. Ferrocene-modified carbon nitride for direct oxidation of benzene to phenol with visible light. CHEMSUSCHEM 2014; 7:738-742. [PMID: 24478150 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201301128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ferrocene moieties were heterogenized onto carbon nitride polymers by a covalent -C=N- linkage bridging the two conjugation systems, enabling the merging of the redox function of ferrocene with carbon nitride photocatalysis to construct a heterogeneous Photo-Fenton system for green organocatalysis at neutral conditions. The synergistic donor-acceptor interaction between the carbon nitride matrix and ferrocene group, improved exciton splitting, and coupled photocatalytic performance allowed the direct synthesis of phenol from benzene in the presence of H2 O2 under visible light irradiation. This innovative modification method will offer an avenue to construct functionalized two-dimensional polymers useful also for other green synthesis processes using solar irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangju Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002 (PR China), Fax: (+86) 59183920097
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