1
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Wang B, Shen C, Dong K. Ligand-Controlled Regiodivergent Alkoxycarbonylation of Trifluoromethylthiolated Internal Alkynes. Org Lett 2024; 26:3628-3633. [PMID: 38652586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Controlling the regioselectivity for the alkoxycarbonylation of unsymmetric internal alkynes is challenging. Herein, a palladium-catalyzed ligand-controlled regiodivergent alkoxycarbonylation of internal trifluoromethylthiolated alkynes was achieved. A series of α- or β-SCF3 acrylates from the same trifluoromethylthiolated alkyne were obtained with moderate to high yield and regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Chaoren Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kaiwu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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2
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Li J, Wang J. Palladium-catalyzed generation of CO from formic acid for alkoxycarbonylation of internal alkenes involves a PTSA-assisted NH-Pd mechanism: a DFT mechanistic study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2294-2303. [PMID: 36597910 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04231b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations have been performed to find the mechanism of the alkyloxycarbonylation of an internal alkene with HCOOH catalyzed by a palladium complex with P,N hemilabile ligands. Four different cycles have been explored in detail, and a plausible catalytic cycle involves the decomposition of HCOOH/HCOOMe to CO, internal alkene isomerization, terminal alkene insertion, CO migratory insertion and methanolysis. It is shown that decomposition and isomerization processes involve a cooperative P,N hemilabile ligand and Pd(0) (NH-Pd) rather than the Pd(II) hydride (Pd-H) mechanism. Intriguingly, the simultaneous presence of PTSA acts as a hydrogen shuttle (H-shuttle), assisting CO generation and methanolysis. With such a mechanism, the rate-determining transition state corresponds to internal alkene isomerization, which is consistent with the experimental observation that isomerization was the slow step in this process. The back-bonding between palladium and olefin and rapid hydrogen transfer in the presence of a PTSA H-shuttle are responsible for the moderate barriers. In addition, a careful study of the solvent effect indicates that polar solvents, which are capable of hydrogen bonding, can promote the catalytic reactions. Mechanistic insights gained by this theoretical study have not only rationalized the experimental observations well but also have implications for new reaction development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Basic Education, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu Shanxi, 030801, P. R. China.
| | - Jinzhao Wang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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3
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Huang Z, Dong Y, Jiang X, Wang F, Du CX, Li Y. Bifunctional Ligand Enabled Selective Alkoxycarbonylation of Aliphatic Alkenes. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Zhao KC, Liu L, Chen XC, Yao YQ, Guo L, Lu Y, Zhao XL, Liu Y. Multiple-Functional Diphosphines: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application to Pd-Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of Alkynes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Chao Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yin-Qing Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Lin Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yong Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Ye Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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5
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Kucmierczyk P, Behrens S, Kubis C, Baumann W, Wei Z, Jiao H, Dong K, Spannenberg A, Neumann H, Jackstell R, Börner A, Franke R, Beller M. ( In situ) spectroscopic studies on state-of-the-art Pd( ii) catalysts in solution for the alkoxycarbonylation of alkenes. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
(In situ) liquid-phase spectroscopic investigations on state-of-the-art Pd catalysts modified with pyridyl-substituted diphosphine ligands for alkene alkoxycarbonylations have been performed for characterizing resting state complexes in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kucmierczyk
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V, Albert-Einstein Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Paul-Baumann-Str. 1, 45772 Marl, Germany
| | - Stephan Behrens
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V, Albert-Einstein Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Kubis
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V, Albert-Einstein Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V, Albert-Einstein Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Zhihong Wei
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V, Albert-Einstein Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V, Albert-Einstein Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kaiwu Dong
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V, Albert-Einstein Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V, Albert-Einstein Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Helfried Neumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V, Albert-Einstein Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V, Albert-Einstein Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Armin Börner
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V, Albert-Einstein Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Str. 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Paul-Baumann-Str. 1, 45772 Marl, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V, Albert-Einstein Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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6
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Yang J, Kong D, Wu H, Shen Z, Zou H, Zhao W, Huang G. Palladium-Catalyzed Regio- and Chemoselective Double-Alkoxycarbonylation of 1,3-Diynes: A Computational Study. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00122e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed double-alkoxycarbonylation of 1,3-diynes provides an efficient approach for the selective synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrasubstituted conjugated dienes. In this report, density functional theory calculations have been performed to elucidate the...
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7
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Liu D, Ke M, Ru T, Ning Y, Chen FE. Room-temperature Pd-catalyzed methoxycarbonylation of terminal alkynes with high branched selectivity enabled by bisphosphine-picolinamide ligand. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:1041-1044. [PMID: 34951615 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06098h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report the room-temperature Pd-catalyzed methoxy-carbonylation with high branched selectivity using a new class of bisphosphine-picolinamide ligands. Systematic optimization of ligand structures and reaction conditions revealed the significance of both the picolinamide and bisphosphine groups in the ligand backbone. This strategic design of ligand was leveraged to deliver various α-substituted acrylates in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Liu
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Miaolin Ke
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tong Ru
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yingtang Ning
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.,Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
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8
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Sole R, Scrivanti A, Alam MM, Beghetto V. The intriguing methoxycarbonylation of trimethylsilylacetylene in the presence of Drent's catalytic system. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Sole
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Venice Italy
| | - Alberto Scrivanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Venice Italy
| | - Md. Mahbubul Alam
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences Shahjalal University of Science and Technology Sylhet Bangladesh
| | - Valentina Beghetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Università Ca' Foscari Venezia Venice Italy
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9
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Ahmad S, Bühl M. Computational modelling of Pd-catalysed alkoxycarbonylation of alkenes and alkynes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15869-15880. [PMID: 34318843 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02426d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This perspective highlights the computational modelling of alkene and alkyne alkoxycarbonylation at palladium catalysts. We cover studies on Pd-catalysed alkoxycarbonylation of alkenes with bidentate diphosphine ligands, which reveal a hydride pathway is operating with an intermolecular alcoholysis step, where explicit solvation is mandatory to estimate the overall barriers correctly and model alcoholysis/copolymerisation selectivities. Subsequently, we discuss Pd-catalysed alkyne alkoxycarbonylation with P,N-chelating ligands, where an in situ base mechanism is operating involving ketene-type intermediates. We also discuss catalyst poisoning due to allene and designing a potential new catalyst tolerant towards allene poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Ahmad
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
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10
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11
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Akiri SO, Ojwach SO. Structural studies and applications of water soluble (phenoxy)imine palladium(II) complexes as catalysts in biphasic methoxycarbonylation of 1-hexene. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Vondran J, Furst MRL, Eastham GR, Seidensticker T, Cole-Hamilton DJ. Magic of Alpha: The Chemistry of a Remarkable Bidentate Phosphine, 1,2-Bis(di- tert-butylphosphinomethyl)benzene. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6610-6653. [PMID: 33961414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bidentate phosphine ligand 1,2-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)benzene (1,2-DTBPMB) has been reported over the years as being one of, if not the, best ligands for achieving the alkoxycarbonylation of various unsaturated compounds. Bonded to palladium, the ligand provides the basis for the first step in the commercial (Alpha) production of methyl methacrylate as well as very high selectivity to linear esters and acids from terminal or internal double bonds. The present review is an overview covering the literature dealing with the 1,2-DTBPMB ligand: from its first reference, its catalysis, including the alkoxycarbonylation reaction and its mechanism, its isomerization abilities including the highly selective isomerizing methoxycarbonylation, other reactions such as cross-coupling, recycling approaches, and the development of improved, modified ligands, in which some tert-butyl ligands are replaced by 2-pyridyl moieties and which show exceptional rates for carbonylation reactions at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Vondran
- Laboratory for Industrial Chemistry, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Straße 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marc R L Furst
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST Scotland, U.K.,Athénée du Luxembourg, 24, Boulevard Pierre Dupong, L-1430 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Thomas Seidensticker
- Laboratory for Industrial Chemistry, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Straße 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - David J Cole-Hamilton
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST Scotland, U.K
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13
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Liu J, Schneider C, Yang J, Wei Z, Jiao H, Franke R, Jackstell R, Beller M. A General and Highly Selective Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroamidation of 1,3‐Diynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Liu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a Rostock 18059 Germany
| | - Carolin Schneider
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a Rostock 18059 Germany
| | - Ji Yang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a Rostock 18059 Germany
| | - Zhihong Wei
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a Rostock 18059 Germany
- Institute of Molecular Science Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 P. R. China
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a Rostock 18059 Germany
| | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH Paul-Baumann-Str. 1 45772 Marl Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a Rostock 18059 Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a Rostock 18059 Germany
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14
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Liu J, Schneider C, Yang J, Wei Z, Jiao H, Franke R, Jackstell R, Beller M. A General and Highly Selective Palladium-Catalyzed Hydroamidation of 1,3-Diynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:371-379. [PMID: 32959449 PMCID: PMC7821284 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective mono-hydroamidation of (un)symmetrical 1,3-diynes is described. Key for the success of this novel transformation is the utilization of an advanced palladium catalyst system with the specific ligand Neolephos. The synthetic value of this general approach to synthetically useful α-alkynyl-α, β-unsaturated amides is showcased by diversification of several structurally complex molecules and marketed drugs. Control experiments and density-functional theory (M06L-SMD) computations also suggest the crucial role of the substrate in controlling the regioselectivity of unsymmetrical 1,3-diynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Liu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Str. 29aRostock18059Germany
| | - Carolin Schneider
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Str. 29aRostock18059Germany
| | - Ji Yang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Str. 29aRostock18059Germany
| | - Zhihong Wei
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Str. 29aRostock18059Germany
- Institute of Molecular ScienceKey Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi ProvinceShanxi UniversityTaiyuan030006P. R. China
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Str. 29aRostock18059Germany
| | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbHPaul-Baumann-Str. 145772MarlGermany
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische ChemieRuhr-Universität Bochum44780BochumGermany
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Str. 29aRostock18059Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Str. 29aRostock18059Germany
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15
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Sang R, Hu Y, Razzaq R, Jackstell R, Franke R, Beller M. State-of-the-art palladium-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylations. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01203c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
State-of-the-art Pd-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation: catalyst development and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sang
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V
- Rostock 18059
- Germany
| | - Yuya Hu
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V
- Rostock 18059
- Germany
| | - Rauf Razzaq
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V
- Rostock 18059
- Germany
| | | | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Operations GmbH
- 45772 Marl
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
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16
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Schneider C, Franke R, Jackstell R, Beller M. A direct synthesis of carboxylic acids via platinum-catalysed hydroxycarbonylation of olefins. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02392b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A selective platinum-catalysed hydroxycarbonylation of aliphatic olefins has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Industries AG
- 45772 Marl
- Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum
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17
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Ge Y, Ye F, Liu J, Yang J, Spannenberg A, Jiao H, Jackstell R, Beller M. Ligand-Controlled Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Alkynols: Highly Selective Synthesis of α-Methylene-β-Lactones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21585-21590. [PMID: 32573055 PMCID: PMC7756850 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The first general and regioselective Pd-catalyzed cyclocarbonylation to give α-methylene-β-lactones is reported. Key to the success for this process is the use of a specific sterically demanding phosphine ligand based on N-arylated imidazole (L11) in the presence of Pd(MeCN)2 Cl2 as pre-catalyst. A variety of easily available alkynols provide under additive-free conditions the corresponding α-methylene-β-lactones in moderate to good yields with excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity. The applicability of this novel methodology is showcased by the direct carbonylation of biologically active molecules including natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ge
- Leibniz-Institute for CatalysisAlbert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Fei Ye
- Leibniz-Institute for CatalysisAlbert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou Normal UniversityNo. 2318, Yuhangtang Road311121HangzhouP. R. China
| | - Jiawang Liu
- Leibniz-Institute for CatalysisAlbert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Ji Yang
- Leibniz-Institute for CatalysisAlbert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institute for CatalysisAlbert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institute for CatalysisAlbert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institute for CatalysisAlbert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institute for CatalysisAlbert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
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18
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Liu J, Wei Z, Yang J, Ge Y, Wei D, Jackstell R, Jiao H, Beller M. Tuning the Selectivity of Palladium Catalysts for Hydroformylation and Semihydrogenation of Alkynes: Experimental and Mechanistic Studies. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Liu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Zhihong Wei
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
| | - Ji Yang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Yao Ge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Duo Wei
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany
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19
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Ge Y, Ye F, Liu J, Yang J, Spannenberg A, Jiao H, Jackstell R, Beller M. Ligand‐Controlled Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of Alkynols: Highly Selective Synthesis of α‐Methylene‐β‐Lactones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ge
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Fei Ye
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Normal University No. 2318, Yuhangtang Road 311121 Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jiawang Liu
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Ji Yang
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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20
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Liu J, Yang J, Schneider C, Franke R, Jackstell R, Beller M. Tailored Palladium Catalysts for Selective Synthesis of Conjugated Enynes by Monocarbonylation of 1,3-Diynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9032-9040. [PMID: 32052900 PMCID: PMC7317973 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, the monoalkoxycarbonylation of easily available 1,3-diynes to give synthetically useful conjugated enynes has been realized. Key to success was the design and utilization of the new ligand 2,2'-bis(tert-butyl(pyridin-2-yl)phosphanyl)-1,1'-binaphthalene (Neolephos), which permits the palladium-catalyzed selective carbonylation under mild conditions, providing a general preparation of functionalized 1,3-enynes in good-to-high yields with excellent chemoselectivities. Synthetic applications that showcase the possibilities of this novel methodology include an efficient one-pot synthesis of 4-aryl-4H-pyrans as well as the rapid construction of various heterocyclic, bicyclic, and polycyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Liu
- Leibniz-Institut für KatalyseAlbert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Ji Yang
- Leibniz-Institut für KatalyseAlbert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Carolin Schneider
- Leibniz-Institut für KatalyseAlbert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbHPaul-Baumann-Str. 145772MarlGermany
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische ChemieRuhr-Universität Bochum44780BochumGermany
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institut für KatalyseAlbert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für KatalyseAlbert-Einstein-Straße 29a18059RostockGermany
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21
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Zhu L, Liu LJ, Jiang YY, Liu P, Fan X, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Bi S. Mechanism and Origin of Ligand-Controlled Chemo- and Regioselectivities in Palladium-Catalyzed Methoxycarbonylation of Alkynes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7136-7151. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-Jun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ye Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Industry & Equipment Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siwei Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Liu J, Yang J, Schneider C, Franke R, Jackstell R, Beller M. Tailored Palladium Catalysts for Selective Synthesis of Conjugated Enynes by Monocarbonylation of 1,3‐Diynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Liu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Ji Yang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Carolin Schneider
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH Paul-Baumann-Str. 1 45772 Marl Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie Ruhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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23
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Schneider C, Jackstell R, Maes BUW, Beller M. Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of
sec
‐Benzylic Ethers. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Schneider
- Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert‐Einstein Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert‐Einstein Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Bert U. W. Maes
- University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz‐Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert‐Einstein Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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24
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Sang R, Schneider C, Razzaq R, Neumann H, Jackstell R, Beller M. Palladium-catalyzed carbonylations of highly substituted olefins using CO-surrogates. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01164a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CO surrogate chemistry: General protocols for alkoxycarbonylations of highly substituted olefins with paraformaldehyde and methyl formate are reported, allowing the performance of carbonylation reactions in all labs and for all kinds of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | | | - Rauf Razzaq
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
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25
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Zhang Z, Roisnel T, Dixneuf PH, Soulé J. Rh
I
‐Catalyzed P
III
‐Directed C−H Bond Alkylation: Design of Multifunctional Phosphines for Carboxylation of Aryl Bromides with Carbon Dioxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14110-14114. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Zhang
- Univ. Rennes CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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26
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Zhang Z, Roisnel T, Dixneuf PH, Soulé J. Rh
I
‐Catalyzed P
III
‐Directed C−H Bond Alkylation: Design of Multifunctional Phosphines for Carboxylation of Aryl Bromides with Carbon Dioxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Zhang
- Univ. Rennes CNRS, ISCR UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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27
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Zulu S, Alam M, Ojwach SO, Akerman MP. Structural and theoretical studies of the methoxycarbonylation of higher olefins catalysed by (Pyrazolyl‐ethyl)pyridine palladium (II) complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyabonga Zulu
- School of Chemistry and PhysicsPietermaritzburg Campus, University of KwaZulu‐Natal Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
| | - Mohd.G. Alam
- School of Chemistry and PhysicsPietermaritzburg Campus, University of KwaZulu‐Natal Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
| | - Stephen O. Ojwach
- School of Chemistry and PhysicsPietermaritzburg Campus, University of KwaZulu‐Natal Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
| | - Matthew P. Akerman
- School of Chemistry and PhysicsPietermaritzburg Campus, University of KwaZulu‐Natal Private Bag X01 Scottsville 3209 South Africa
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28
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Ahmad S, Bühl M. Design of a Highly Active Pd Catalyst with P,N Hemilabile Ligands for Alkoxycarbonylation of Alkynes and Allenes: A Density Functional Theory Study. Chemistry 2019; 25:11625-11629. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Ahmad
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry University of St. Andrews North Haugh St. Andrews Fife KY16 9ST United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bühl
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry University of St. Andrews North Haugh St. Andrews Fife KY16 9ST United Kingdom
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29
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Akiri SO, Ojwach SO. Methoxycarbonylation of olefins catalysed by homogeneous palladium(II) complexes of (phenoxy)imine ligands bearing alkoxy silane groups. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Novel multi-dentate phosphines for Pd-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of alkynes promoted by H2O additive. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Rong MK, Holtrop F, Slootweg JC, Lammertsma K. 1,3-P,N hybrid ligands in mononuclear coordination chemistry and homogeneous catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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32
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Mondal T, Dutta S, De S, Koley D. Computational Exploration of Mechanistic Avenues in C-H Activation Assisted Pd-Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling. J Org Chem 2019; 84:257-272. [PMID: 30525639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The detailed mechanism of the intermolecular Pd-catalyzed carbonylative coupling reaction between aryl bromides and polyfluoroarenes relying on C(sp2)-H activation was investigated using state-of-the-art computational methods (SMD-B3LYP-D3(BJ)/BS2//B3LYP-D3/BS1). The mechanism unveils the necessary and important roles of a slight excess of carbon monoxide: acting as a ligand in the active catalyst state, participating as a reactant in the carbonylation process, and accelerating the final reductive elimination event. Importantly, the desired carbonylative coupling route follows the rate-limiting C-H activation process via the concerted metalation-deprotonation pathway, which is slightly more feasible than the decarboxylative route leading to byproduct formation by 1.2 kcal/mol. The analyses of the free energies indicate that the choice of base has a significant effect on the reaction mechanism and its energetics. The Cs2CO3 base guides the reaction toward the coupling route, whereas carbonate bases such as K2CO3 and Na2CO3 switch toward an undesired decarboxylative path. However, K3PO4 significantly reduces the C-H activation barrier over the decarboxylation reaction barrier and can act as a potential alternative base. The positional influence of a methoxy substituent in bromoanisole and different substituent effects in polyfluoroarenes were also considered. Our results show that different substituents impose significant impact on the desired carbonylative product formation energetics. Considering the influence of several ligands leads to the conclusion that other phosphine and N-heterocyclic carbene, such as P nBuAd2 and IMes, can be used as an efficient alternative than the experimentally reported P tBu3 ligand exhibiting a clear preference for C-H activation (ΔΔ⧧ GLS) by 7.1 and 10.9 kcal/mol, respectively. We have also utilized the energetic span model to interpret the experimental results. Moreover, to elucidate the origin of activation barriers, energy decomposition analysis calculations were accomplished for the critical transition states populating the energy profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Totan Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741 246 , India
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741 246 , India
| | - Sriman De
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741 246 , India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741 246 , India
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33
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Ahmad S, Lockett A, Shuttleworth TA, Miles-Hobbs AM, Pringle PG, Bühl M. Palladium-catalysed alkyne alkoxycarbonylation with P,N-chelating ligands revisited: a density functional theory study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8543-8552. [PMID: 30957820 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01471c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A revised in situ base mechanism of alkyne alkoxycarbonylation via a Pd catalyst with hemilabile P,N-ligands (PyPPh2, Py = 2-pyridyl) has been fully characterised at the B3PW91-D3/PCM level of density functional theory. Key intermediates on this route are acryloyl and η3-propen-1-oyl complexes that readily undergo methanolysis. With two hemilabile P,N-ligands and one or both of them protonated, the overall computed barrier is 16.8 kcal mol-1. This new mechanism is consistent with all of the experimental data relating to substituent effects on relative reaction rates and branched/linear selectivities, including new results on the methoxycarbonylation of phenylacetylene using (4-Me2N-Py)PPh2 and (6-Cl-Py)PPh2 ligands. This ligand is found to decrease catalytic activity over PyPPh2, thus invalidating a formerly characterised in situ base mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Ahmad
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK.
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34
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Liu J, Dong K, Franke R, Neumann H, Jackstell R, Beller M. Selective Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of Alkynes: An Atom-Economic Synthesis of 1,4-Dicarboxylic Acid Diesters. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10282-10288. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Liu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock, 18059, Germany
| | - Kaiwu Dong
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock, 18059, Germany
| | - Robert Franke
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH, Paul-Baumann-Str. 1, 45772 Marl, Germany
| | - Helfried Neumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock, 18059, Germany
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock, 18059, Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, Rostock, 18059, Germany
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35
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Tshabalala TA, Ojwach SO. Tuning the regioselectivity of (benzimidazolylmethyl)amine palladium(II) complexes in the methoxycarbonylation of hexenes and octenes. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-018-0222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Dong K, Sang R, Wei Z, Liu J, Dühren R, Spannenberg A, Jiao H, Neumann H, Jackstell R, Franke R, Beller M. Cooperative catalytic methoxycarbonylation of alkenes: uncovering the role of palladium complexes with hemilabile ligands. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2510-2516. [PMID: 29732128 PMCID: PMC5912013 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02964k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic studies of the catalyst [Pd2(dba)3/1,1′-bis(tert-butyl(pyridin-2-yl)phosphanyl)ferrocene, L2] for olefin alkoxycarbonylation reactions are described.
Mechanistic studies of the catalyst [Pd2(dba)3/1,1′-bis(tert-butyl(pyridin-2-yl)phosphanyl)ferrocene, L2] for olefin alkoxycarbonylation reactions are described. X-ray crystallography reveals the coordination of the pyridyl nitrogen atom in L2 to the palladium center of the catalytic intermediates. DFT calculations on the elementary steps of the industrially relevant carbonylation of ethylene (the Lucite α-process) indicate that the protonated pyridyl moiety is formed immediately, which facilitates the formation of the active palladium hydride complex. The insertion of ethylene and CO into this intermediate leads to the corresponding palladium acyl species, which is kinetically reversible. Notably, this key species is stabilized by the hemilabile coordination of the pyridyl nitrogen atom in L2. The rate-determining alcoholysis of the acyl palladium complex is substantially facilitated by metal–ligand cooperation. Specifically, the deprotonation of the alcohol by the built-in base of the ligand allows a facile intramolecular nucleophilic attack on the acyl palladium species concertedly. Kinetic measurements support this mechanistic proposal and show that the rate of the carbonylation step is zero-order dependent on ethylene and CO. Comparing CH3OD and CH3OH as nucleophiles suggests the involvement of (de)protonation in the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwu Dong
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein Straße 29a , Rostock , 18059 , Germany .
| | - Rui Sang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein Straße 29a , Rostock , 18059 , Germany .
| | - Zhihong Wei
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein Straße 29a , Rostock , 18059 , Germany .
| | - Jie Liu
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein Straße 29a , Rostock , 18059 , Germany .
| | - Ricarda Dühren
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein Straße 29a , Rostock , 18059 , Germany .
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein Straße 29a , Rostock , 18059 , Germany .
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein Straße 29a , Rostock , 18059 , Germany .
| | - Helfried Neumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein Straße 29a , Rostock , 18059 , Germany .
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein Straße 29a , Rostock , 18059 , Germany .
| | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH , Paul-Baumann-Str. 1 , 45772 Marl , Germany.,Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein Straße 29a , Rostock , 18059 , Germany .
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37
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Shuttleworth TA, Miles-Hobbs AM, Pringle PG, Sparkes HA. 2-Pyridyl substituents enhance the activity of palladium-phospha-adamantane catalysts for the methoxycarbonylation of phenylacetylene. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:125-137. [PMID: 27922644 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03983a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of CgPAr ligands is reported, where CgP is the 6-phospha-2,4,8-trioxa-1,3,5,7-tetramethyladamant-6-yl moiety and Ar = 2-pyridyl (L2), 3-pyridyl (L3), 2-pyrimidyl (L4), 4-R-2-pyridyl [R = Me (L5a), CF3 (L6a), SiMe3 (L7a)] or 6-R-2-pyridyl [R = Me (L5b), CF3 (L6b), SiMe3 (L7b). Testing of these ligands in the Pd-catalysed methoxycarbonylation of phenylacetylene reveals that the activity and branched selectivity of the catalysts derived from these ligands varies as a function of the N-heterocycle, with the catalyst derived from L5b being the most active of those tested. This, together with the poor performance of catalysts derived from L3 supports the hypothesis that the catalysis proceeds by a "proton shuttling" mechanism, an idea that previously had only been applied to arylphosphines. Reaction of [PtCl2(cod)] with L where L = L2 or L4-7 yields a rac/meso mixture of the trans-[PtCl2(L)2] (1a-h) complexes, three of which are structurally characterised. 31P NMR spectroscopy shows that reaction of L3 with [PtCl2(cod)] gives a mixture of mononuclear and binuclear metal complexes in solution. The complex trans-[PdCl2(L2)2] (4) reacts with AgBF4 to give the [PdCl(κ1-L2)(κ2-L2)]BF4 (5) with spectroscopic and structural characterisation confirming the presence of a P,N-chelate. 1H and 31P NMR evidence supports the assignment of a pyridyl-protonated species being formed upon treatment of 4 with TsOH·H2O in CD2Cl2; both the protonated species and chelate 5 are observed when the reaction is carried out in MeOH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul G Pringle
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Hazel A Sparkes
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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38
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Abstract
This review highlights the use of the bisphosphine ligand group in homogeneous catalysis.
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39
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Lorusso P, Eastham GR, Cole-Hamilton DJ. Insight into the mechanism of decarbonylation of methanol by ruthenium complexes; a deuterium labelling study. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:9411-9417. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01733f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the reaction of [RuHClP3] (P = PPh3) with NaOMe in methanol, the product is [RuH2(CO)P3] with RuH4P4.
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40
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Scrivanti A, Beghetto V, Bertoldini M. New insights into the alkoxycarbonylation of propargyl alcohol. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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41
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Kumar K, Darkwa J. Palladium(II) complexes bearing mixed N^N^X (X = O and S) tridentate ligands as pre-catalysts for the methoxycarbonylation of selected 1-alkenes. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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42
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Highly active and efficient catalysts for alkoxycarbonylation of alkenes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14117. [PMID: 28120947 PMCID: PMC5288498 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonylation reactions of alkenes constitute the most important industrial processes in homogeneous catalysis. Despite the tremendous progress in this transformation, the development of advanced catalyst systems to improve their activity and widen the range of feedstocks continues to be essential for new practical applications. Herein a palladium catalyst based on 1,2-bis((tert-butyl(pyridin-2-yl)phosphanyl)methyl)benzene L3 (pytbpx) is rationally designed and synthesized. Application of this system allows a general alkoxycarbonylation of sterically hindered and demanding olefins including all kinds of tetra-, tri- and 1,1-disubstituted alkenes as well as natural products and pharmaceuticals to the desired esters in excellent yield. Industrially relevant bulk ethylene is functionalized with high activity (TON: >1,425,000; TOF: 44,000 h−1 for initial 18 h) and selectivity (>99%). Given its generality and efficiency, we expect this catalytic system to immediately impact both the chemical industry and research laboratories by providing a practical synthetic tool for the transformation of nearly any alkene into a versatile ester product. The carbonylation of alkenes is tremendously important industrial process, but many substrates are highly challenging. Here the authors report a highly active catalytic system for the alkoxycarbonylation of alkenes that is also general across the range of alkene substitution patterns.
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Bouché M, Mordan M, Kariuki BM, Coles SJ, Christensen J, Newman PD. Mono- and dimeric complexes of an asymmetric heterotopic P,CNHC,pyr ligand. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:13347-60. [PMID: 27461718 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02476a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric heterotopic ligand (S-N(Me)CP) containing a central bicyclic, expanded-ring NHC with one pyridyl and one phosphine exo-substituent has been synthesised and its coordination chemistry with selected late transition metals investigated. The amidinium precursor [S-N(Me)CHP]PF6 shows variable coordination modes with Ag(i), Cu(i) and Au(i) depending on the L : M ratio. The reaction of two mols of [S-N(Me)CHP]PF6 with [Cu(MeCN)4]BF4, AgBF4 or Au(THT)Cl gives the bis-ligand complexes [Cu(κ-P-N(Me)CHP)2(CH3CN)2]BF4·(PF6)2, 1, and [M(κ-P-N(Me)CHP)2]X·(PF6)2 (3: M = Ag, X = BF4; 6: M = Au, X = Cl) respectively. The 1 : 1 reaction of [S-N(Me)CHP]PF6 with AgOTf gave the head-to-tail dimer H,T-[Ag2(μ-N,P-N(Me)CHP)2(μ-OTf)2](PF6)2, 2, whereas the analogous reaction with Au(THT)Cl gave monomeric [Au(κ-P-N(Me)CHP)Cl]PF6, 5. Complex 2 was converted to H,T-[Ag2(μ-C,P-N(Me)CP)2](PF6)2, 4, upon addition of base, while 6 gave [Au(κ-C-N(Me)CP)2]Cl, 8, when treated likewise. Reaction of [S-N(Me)CHP]PF6 with Ni(1,5-COD)2 gave the oxidative addition/insertion product [Ni(κ(3)-N,C,P-N(Me)CP)(η(3)-C8H13)]PF6, 9, which converted to [Ni(κ(3)-N,C,P-N(Me)CP)Cl]PF6, 10, upon exposure of a CHCl3 solution to air. Complex 10 showed conformational isomerism that was also present in [Rh(κ(3)-N,C,P-N(Me)CP)(CO)]PF6, 14, prepared from the precursor complex [Rh(κ-P-N(Me)CHP)(acac)(CO)]PF6, 13, upon heating in C6H5Cl. [Pt(κ(3)-N,C,P-N(Me)CP)(Cl)]PF6, 12, derived from trans-[Pt(κ-P-N(Me)CHP)2(Cl)2](PF6)2, 11, was isolated as a single conformer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bouché
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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Cox K, Kariuki BM, Smyth A, Newman PD. N2S2 and N4S4 precursors to PS2 macrocycles and cyclic amidinium salts. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:8485-93. [PMID: 27112102 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00806b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cyclo-condensation of 1R,2R-diaminocyclohexane with 2,2'-(ethane-1,2-diyldisulfanediyl)dibenzaldehyde gave the 1 : 1 addition compound chxn-(im)N2S2 in high yield. When the same condensation reaction was performed with 1R,3S-diamino-1,7,7-trimethylcyclopentane as the diamine, the 2 : 2 addition compound tmcp-(im)N4S4 was obtained selectively. Reduction of the diimines gave the saturated analogues chxn-N2S2 (1) and tmcp-N4S4 (3) the former of which could be phosphorylated with PhP(NMe2)2 to give the novel 13-membered macrocycle chxn-PS2, 2. Introduction of the phenylphosphine function proved stereoselective with a preference for the N(R)/N(S) configuration at the nitrogen atoms. The coordination chemistry of the novel phosphine has been explored with Cu(i) and Mo(0) through formation of the complexes Cu(2)I, 4, and Mo(CO)3(2), 5. Extension of the phosphorylation chemistry to tmcp-N4S4 (3) proved unsuccessful but ring closure reactions of both 1 and 3 with triethylorthoformate gave cyclic amidinium salts which are potential precursors to macrocyclic N-heterocyclic carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Cox
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.
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Amézquita-Valencia M, Alper H. Regioselective Alkoxycarbonylation of Allyl Phenyl Ethers Catalyzed by Pd/dppb Under Syngas Conditions. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3860-7. [PMID: 27075974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple and regioselective synthesis of phenoxy esters and phenylthio esters is reported. The products are obtained by selective alkoxycarbonylation catalyzed by Pd2(dba)3, 1,4-bis(diphenylphisphino)butane (dppb), and syngas (CO/H2) in chloroform/alcohol. This methodology affords bifunctional products in good yield with excellent n-selectivity and without the need to use additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Amézquita-Valencia
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Howard Alper
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa , 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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Kubis C, Profir I, Fleischer I, Baumann W, Selent D, Fischer C, Spannenberg A, Ludwig R, Hess D, Franke R, Börner A. In Situ FTIR and NMR Spectroscopic Investigations on Ruthenium-Based Catalysts for Alkene Hydroformylation. Chemistry 2016; 22:2746-57. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kubis
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany), Fax
| | - Irina Profir
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany), Fax
| | - Ivana Fleischer
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; Universitätsstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany), Fax
| | - Detlef Selent
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany), Fax
| | - Christine Fischer
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany), Fax
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany), Fax
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany), Fax
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein Strasse 3 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Dieter Hess
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH; Paul-Baumann-Strasse 1 45772 Marl Germany
| | - Robert Franke
- Evonik Performance Materials GmbH; Paul-Baumann-Strasse 1 45772 Marl Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie; Ruhr-Universität Bochum; 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Armin Börner
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany), Fax
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein Strasse 3 18059 Rostock Germany
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Suleiman R, Polo V, El Ali B. Alkoxycarbonylation of α,β-unsaturated amides catalyzed by palladium(ii) complexes: a DFT study of the mechanism. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26600a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two mechanisms, hydride and alkoxy, were proposed for the alkoxycarbonylation of α,β-unsaturated amides. These are studied with the use of DFT computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Suleiman
- Center of Research Excellence in Corrosion
- King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM)
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Victor Polo
- Departamento de Química Física Universidad de Zaragoza e Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI)
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
- CSIC
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano
| | - Bassam El Ali
- Chemistry Department
- King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM)
- Dhahran 31261
- Saudi Arabia
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