1
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Willcox DR, Cocco E, Nichol GS, Carlone A, Thomas SP. Catalytic Access to Diastereometrically Pure Four- and Five-Membered Silyl-Heterocycles Using Transborylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401737. [PMID: 38578174 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Silyl-heterocycles offer a unique handle to expand and explore chemical space, reactivity, and functionality. The shortage of catalytic methods for the preparation of diverse and functionalized silyl-heterocycles however limits widespread exploration and exploitation. Herein the borane-catalyzed intramolecular 1,1-carboboration of silyl-alkynes has been developed for the synthesis of 2,3-dihydrosilolyl and silylcyclobut-2-enyl boronic esters. Successful, catalytic carboboration has been achieved on a variety of functionally diverse silyl-alkynes, using a borane catalyst and transborylation-enabled turnover. Mechanistic studies, including 13C-labelling, computational studies, and single-turnover experiments, suggest a reaction pathway proceeding by 1,2-hydroboration, 1,1-carboboration, and transborylation to release the alkenyl boronic ester product and regenerate the borane catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic R Willcox
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Cocco
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gary S Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Armando Carlone
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stephen P Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, EH9 3FJ, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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2
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Su X, Wang Y, Feng Q, Sun J. Heterodifunctionalization of Electron-Rich Alkynes Catalyzed by in Situ Generated Silylium Ions. Org Lett 2024; 26:421-426. [PMID: 38166166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Silylium ions are versatile Lewis acids in organic synthesis. While they have been well-known for the activation of σ donors, catalysis initiated by the activation of π donors remains underdeveloped, particularly for alkynes. Herein, we demonstrate an example of silylium-catalyzed alkyne heterodifunctionalization. The silylium ion generated in situ from HNTf2 and the silyl reagent serve as superior catalysts in the efficient silylphosphination and silylcyanation of electron-rich alkynes with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity. The compatibility of this protocol with strongly coordinating ligands (Ph2P and CN) not only complements the metal-catalyzed systems but also expands the scope of silylium-catalyzed reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Su
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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3
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Arii H, Nakane D, Nakao K, Masuda H, Kawashima T. Dehydrogenative Annulation of Silylated 1 H-Indoles with Alkynes via Silyl Migration. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37449923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the dehydrogenative annulation of silylated 1H-indole derivatives with alkynes to synthesize a silole-fused indole. The addition of the in situ generated silylium ion to alkynes was followed by the sila-Friedel-Crafts reaction via silyl migration, realizing regioselective dehydrogenative annulation controlled by the steric bulkiness of a base. The optical properties of the obtained siloloindoles indicated fluorescence of which the intensity depends on the location of the fused silole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Arii
- Faculty of Education, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakane
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nakao
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Masuda
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawashima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan
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4
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Ding Z, Liu Z, Wang Z, Yu T, Xu M, Wen J, Yang K, Zhang H, Xu L, Li P. Catalysis with Diboron(4)/Pyridine: Application to the Broad-Scope [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Cyclopropanes and Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8870-8882. [PMID: 35532758 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the extensive but non-recyclable use of tetraalkoxydiboron(4) compounds as stoichiometric reagents in diverse reactions, this article reports an atom-economical reaction using a commercial diboron(4) as the catalyst. The key to success was designing a catalytic cycle for radical [3 + 2] cycloaddition involving a pyridine cocatalyst to generate from the diboron(4) catalyst and reversibly mediate the transfer of boronyl radicals. In comparison with known [3 + 2] cycloaddition with transition metal-based catalysts, the current reaction features not only metal-free conditions, inexpensive and stable catalysts, and simple operation but also remarkably broadened substrate scope. In particular, previously unusable cyclopropyl ketones without an activating group and/or alkenes with 1,2-disubstitution and 1,1,2-trisubstitution patterns were successfully used for the first time. Consequently, challenging cyclopentane compounds with various levels of substitution (65 examples, 57 new products, up to six substituents at all five ring atoms) were readily prepared in generally high to excellent yield and diastereoselectivity. The reaction was also successfully applied in concise formal synthesis of an anti-obesity drug and building natural product-like complex bridged or spirocyclic compounds. Mechanistic experiments and computational investigation support the proposed radical relay catalysis featuring a pyridine-assisted boronyl radical catalyst. Overall, this work demonstrates the first approach to use tetraalkoxydiboron(4) compounds as catalysts and may lead to the development of new, green, and efficient transition metal-like boron-catalyzed organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jingru Wen
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Kaiyan Yang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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5
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Ríos P, Rodríguez A, Conejero S. Activation of Si–H and B–H bonds by Lewis acidic transition metals and p-block elements: same, but different. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7392-7418. [PMID: 35872827 PMCID: PMC9241980 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02324e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this Perspective we discuss the ability of transition metal complexes to activate and cleave the Si–H and B–H bonds of hydrosilanes and hydroboranes (tri- and tetra-coordinated) in an electrophilic manner, avoiding the need for the metal centre to undergo two-electron processes (oxidative addition/reductive elimination). A formal polarization of E–H bonds (E = Si, B) upon their coordination to the metal centre to form σ-EH complexes (with coordination modes η1 or η2) favors this type of bond activation that can lead to reactivities involving the formation of transient silylium and borenium/boronium cations similar to those proposed in silylation and borylation processes catalysed by boron and aluminium Lewis acids. We compare the reactivity of transition metal complexes and boron/aluminium Lewis acids through a series of catalytic reactions in which pieces of evidence suggest mechanisms involving electrophilic reaction pathways. In this Perspective we compare the ability of transition metals and p-block Lewis acids to activate electrophilically hydrosilanes and hydroboranes. The mechanistic similarities and dissimilarities in different catalytic transformations are analyzed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ríos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), C/Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Amor Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), C/Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Salvador Conejero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), C/Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
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6
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Wang G, Su X, Gao L, Liu X, Li G, Li S. Borane-catalyzed selective dihydrosilylation of terminal alkynes: reaction development and mechanistic insight. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10883-10892. [PMID: 34476068 PMCID: PMC8372554 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02769g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe simple B(C6F5)3-catalyzed mono- and dihydrosilylation reactions of terminal alkynes by using a silane-tuned chemoselectivity strategy, affording vinylsilanes and unsymmetrical geminal bis(silanes). This strategy is applicable to the dihydrosilylation of both aliphatic and aryl terminal alkynes with different silane combinations. Gram-scale synthesis and conducting the reaction without the exclusion of air and moisture demonstrate the practicality of this methodology. The synthetic utility of the resulting products was further highlighted by the structural diversification of geminal bis(silanes) through transforming the secondary silane into other silyl groups. Comprehensive theoretical calculations combined with kinetical isotope labeling studies have shown that a prominent kinetic differentiation between the hydrosilylation of alkynes and vinylsilane is responsible for the chemoselective construction of unsymmetrical 1,1-bis(silanes). A B(C6F5)3/silane-based system enables the chemoselective dihydrosilylation of terminal alkynes. Using a combination of different types of hydrosilanes, a series of unsymmetrical or symmetrical 1,1-bis(silanes) could be constructed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Wang
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiaoshi Su
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Liuzhou Gao
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Guoao Li
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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7
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Klare HFT, Albers L, Süsse L, Keess S, Müller T, Oestreich M. Silylium Ions: From Elusive Reactive Intermediates to Potent Catalysts. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5889-5985. [PMID: 33861564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The history of silyl cations has all the makings of a drama but with a happy ending. Being considered reactive intermediates impossible to isolate in the condensed phase for decades, their actual characterization in solution and later in solid state did only fuel the discussion about their existence and initially created a lot of controversy. This perception has completely changed today, and silyl cations and their donor-stabilized congeners are now widely accepted compounds with promising use in synthetic chemistry. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the fundamental facts and principles of the chemistry of silyl cations, including reliable ways of their preparation as well as their physical and chemical properties. The striking features of silyl cations are their enormous electrophilicity and as such reactivity as super Lewis acids as well as fluorophilicity. Known applications rely on silyl cations as reactants, stoichiometric reagents, and promoters where the reaction success is based on their steady regeneration over the course of the reaction. Silyl cations can even be discrete catalysts, thereby opening the next chapter of their way into the toolbox of synthetic methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Albers
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lars Süsse
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Chemie, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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8
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9
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Zhang L, An K, Wang Y, Wu YD, Zhang X, Yu ZX, He W. A Combined Computational and Experimental Study of Rh-Catalyzed C-H Silylation with Silacyclobutanes: Insights Leading to a More Efficient Catalyst System. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3571-3582. [PMID: 33621095 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The study of new C-H silylation reagents and reactions remains an important topic. We reported that under Rh catalysis, silacyclobutanes (SCBs) for the first time were able to react with C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bonds, however the underlying reasons for such a new reactivity were not understood. Through this combined computational and experimental study on C-H silylation with SCBs, we not only depict a reaction pathway that fully accounts for the reactivity and all the experimental findings but also streamline a more efficient catalyst that significantly improves the reaction rates and yields. Our key findings include: (1) the active catalytic species is a [Rh]-H as opposed to the previously proposed [Rh]-Cl; (2) the [Rh]-H is generated via a reductive elimination/β-hydride (β-H) elimination sequence, as opposed to previously proposed endocyclic β-H elimination; (3) the regio- and enantio-determining steps are identified; (4) and of the same importance, the discretely synthesized [Rh]-H is shown to be a more efficient catalyst. This work suggests that the [Rh]-H/diphosphine system should find further applications in C-H silylations involving SCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxing Zhang
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kun An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centers for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- Lab of Computational Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centers for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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10
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Ma Y, Lou SJ, Hou Z. Electron-deficient boron-based catalysts for C-H bond functionalisation. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1945-1967. [PMID: 33325932 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00380h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to transition metal-catalysed C-H functionalisation, highly efficient construction of C-C and C-X (X = N, O, S, B, Si, etc.) bonds through metal-free catalytic C-H functionalisation remains one of the most challenging tasks for synthetic chemists. In recent years, electron-deficient boron-based catalyst systems have exhibited great potential for C-H bond transformations. Such emerging systems may greatly enrich the chemistry of C-H functionalisation and main-group element catalysis, and will also provide enormous opportunities in synthetic chemistry, materials chemistry, and chemical biology. This article aims to give a timely comprehensive overview to recognise the current status of electron-deficient boron-based catalysis in C-H functionalisation and stimulate the development of more efficient catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China.
| | - Shao-Jie Lou
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Advanced Catalysis Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. and Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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11
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Cao VD, Jo DG, Joung S, Kim H, Kim C, Yun S. Utilization of Borane-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation as a Dearomatizing Tool: Six-Membered Cyclic Amidine Synthesis from Isoquinolines and Pyridines. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this study, a convenient strategy to synthesize six-membered cyclic amidines from isoquinolines and pyridines has been developed. Borane-catalyzed hydrosilylation of each N-heteroarene was utilized as a dearomatizing tool. Substrate scope is broad with respect to both isoquinolines and pyridines, with various reaction pathways depending on the substitution pattern of the N-heteroarenes. The reaction mechanism and reactivity of each class of N-heteroarenes has been discussed. The resulting six-membered (Z)-sulfonyl amidine products are rarely reported and are mostly unprecedented. The scalability of this method and versatility of the cyclic amidine products are also presented.
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12
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13
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Dong Y, Sekine K, Kuninobu Y. Facile synthesis of tribenzosilepins from terphenyls and dihydrosilanes by electrophilic double silylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7007-7010. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02326h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tribenzosilepins were synthesized from terphenyls and dihydrosilanes via a facile approach using a double sila-Friedel–Crafts reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Dong
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences
- Kyushu University
- 6-1 Kasugakoen
- Kasuga-Shi
- Japan
| | - Kohei Sekine
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences
- Kyushu University
- 6-1 Kasugakoen
- Kasuga-Shi
- Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences
- Kyushu University
- 6-1 Kasugakoen
- Kasuga-Shi
- Japan
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14
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Huang Y, Jiang W, Xi X, Li Y, Wang X, Yang M, Zhang Z, Su M, Zhu H. Versatile Reaction Patterns of Phosphanylhydrosilylalkyne with B(C
6
F
5
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3
: A Remarkable Group Substitution Effect. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Xin Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Hangzhou Normal University 311121 Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
| | - Ming‐Chung Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Chiayi University 60004 Chiayi Taiwan
| | - Zheng‐Feng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Chiayi University 60004 Chiayi Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Chiayi University 60004 Chiayi Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Kaohsiung Medical University 80708 Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Hongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University 361005 Xiamen China
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15
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Dong Y, Sakai M, Fuji K, Sekine K, Kuninobu Y. Synthesis of six-membered silacycles by borane-catalyzed double sila-Friedel-Crafts reaction. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:409-414. [PMID: 32273904 PMCID: PMC7113548 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a catalytic synthetic method to prepare phenoxasilins. A borane-catalyzed double sila-Friedel–Crafts reaction between amino group-containing diaryl ethers and dihydrosilanes can be used to prepare a variety of phenoxasilin derivatives in good to excellent yields. The optimized reaction conditions were also applicable for diaryl thioethers to afford their corresponding six-membered silacyclic products. The gram-scale synthesis of a representative bis(dimethylamino)phenoxasilin and the transformation of its amino groups have also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Dong
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sakai
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kazuto Fuji
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kohei Sekine
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.,Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.,Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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16
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Advances in Synthesis of π-Extended Benzosilole Derivatives and Their Analogs. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030548. [PMID: 32012731 PMCID: PMC7037468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzosiloles and their π-extended derivatives are present in many important advanced materials due to their excellent physical properties. Especially, they have found many potential applications in the development of novel electronic materials such as OLEDs, semiconductors and solar cells. In this review, we have summarized several main approaches to construct (di)benzosilole derivatives and (benzo)siloles fused to aromatic five- and six-membered heterocycles.
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17
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18
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Saptal VB, Wang R, Park S. Recent advances in transition metal-free catalytic hydroelementation (E = B, Si, Ge, and Sn) of alkynes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43539-43565. [PMID: 35519696 PMCID: PMC9058465 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07768b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the recent advances in the transition metal-free hydroelementation of alkynes with various metalloid hydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitthal B. Saptal
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- China
| | - Ruibin Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- China
| | - Sehoon Park
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- China
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
- 32000 Haifa
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19
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Zhou M, Park S, Dang L. Dual reactivity of B(C6F5)3 enables the silylative cascade conversion of N-aryl piperidines to sila-N-heterocycles: DFT calculations. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01437c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical study reveals that the dual reactivity of B(C6F5)3 enables the unique silylative cascade conversion of N-aryl piperidines to bridged sila-N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province
- Shantou University
- Guangdong 515063
- P. R. China
| | - Sehoon Park
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- Shantou 515063
- China
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
| | - Li Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province
- Shantou University
- Guangdong 515063
- P. R. China
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20
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21
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Wei B, Zhang D, Chen Y, Lei A, Knochel P. Preparation of Polyfunctional Biaryl Derivatives by Cyclolanthanation of 2-Bromobiaryls and Heterocyclic Analogues Using nBu 2 LaCl⋅4 LiCl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15631-15635. [PMID: 31461206 PMCID: PMC6856828 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Various aryl- and heteroaryl-substituted 2-bromobiaryls are converted to cyclometalated lanthanum intermediates by reaction with nBu2 LaCl⋅4 LiCl. These resulting lanthanum heterocycles are key intermediates for the facile preparation of functionalized 2,2'-diiodobiaryls, silafluorenes, fluoren-9-ones, phenanthrenes, and their related heterocyclic analogues. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy was used to rationalize the proposed structures of the involved organolanthanum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Wei
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
| | - Dongchao Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072HubeiP. R. China
| | - Yi‐Hung Chen
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072HubeiP. R. China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS)College of Chemistry and Molecular SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072HubeiP. R. China
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department ChemieLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F81377MünchenGermany
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22
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Wei B, Zhang D, Chen Y, Lei A, Knochel P. Herstellung von polyfunktionellen Biarylderivaten durch Cyclolanthanierung von 2‐Bromobiarylen und heterocyclischen Analoga unter Verwendung von
n
Bu
2
LaCl⋅4 LiCl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baosheng Wei
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Dongchao Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei VR China
| | - Yi‐Hung Chen
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei VR China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei VR China
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department Chemie Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstrasse 5–13, Haus F 81377 München Deutschland
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehoon Park
- Department of ChemistryGuangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology Shantou Guangdong 515063 China
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24
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San HH, Wang CY, Zeng HP, Fu ST, Jiang M, Tang XY. Boron-Catalyzed Azide Insertion of α-Aryl α-Diazoesters. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4478-4485. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Htet Htet San
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ying Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Peng Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Tao Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Huang Y, Wang X, Li Y, Yang MC, Su MD, Zhu H. A self-hydrosilylation of phosphanylhydrosilylalkynes promoted by B(C 6F 5) 3? An experimental and mechanistic study. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1494-1497. [PMID: 30648174 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09022j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphanylhydrosilylalkynes Me2HSiC[triple bond, length as m-dash]CPAr2 (Ar = Ph, 1a; 4-MeC6H4, 1b) were synthesized, which reacted with B(C6F5)3 to produce alkenes [(E)-(C6F5)3BCH[double bond, length as m-dash]C(PAr2)SiMe2]2 (2a and 2b) and (Z)-(C6F5)2BCH[double bond, length as m-dash]C(PAr2)SiMe2(C6F5) (3a and 3b). The formation of 2a (or 2b) involved a Wrackmeyer's SiHMe2 migration followed by Si-H addition across the C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C bond, whereas, that of 3a (or 3b) involved a similar mechanism with a further C6F5 migration. The B(C6F5)3-promoted reaction of the Si-centered geminal H and C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C groups is thus realized, which may be considered as a self-hydrosilylation. Mechanistic studies by both variable temperature NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations were accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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Du P, Zhao J. Comparative DFT study of metal-free Lewis acid-catalyzed C–H and N–H silylation of (hetero)arenes: mechanistic studies and expansion of catalyst and substrate scope. RSC Adv 2019; 9:37675-37685. [PMID: 35542279 PMCID: PMC9075773 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07985h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct selective dehydrogenative silylation of thiophenes, pyridines, indoles and anilines to synthesize silyl-substituted aromatic compounds catalyzed by metal-free Lewis acids was achieved recently. However, there is still insufficient mechanistic data for these transformations. Using density functional theory calculations, we conducted a detailed investigation of the mechanism of the B(C6F5)3-catalyzed dehydrogenative silylation of N-methylindole, N,N-dimethylaniline and N-methylaniline. We successfully located the most favourable reaction pathways that can explain the experimental observations notably well. The most favourable pathway for B(C6F5)3-catalyzed C–H silylation of N-methylindole includes nucleophilic attack, proton abstraction and hydride migration. The C–H silylation of N,N-dimethylaniline follows a similar pathway to N-methylindole rather than that proposed by Hou's group. Our mechanism successfully explains that the transformations of N-methylindoline to N-methylindole produce different products at different temperatures. For N-methylaniline bearing both N–H and para-phenyl C–H bonds, the N–H silylation reaction is more facile than the C–H silylation reaction. Our proposed mechanism of N–H silylation of N-methylaniline is different from that proposed by the groups of Paradies and Stephan. Lewis acids Al(C6F5)3, Ga(C6F5)3 and B(2,6-Cl2C6H3)(p-HC6F4)2 can also catalyze the C–H silylation of N-methylindole like B(C6F5)3, but the most favourable pathways are those promoted by N-methylindoline. Furthermore, we also found several other types of substrates that would undergo C–H or N–H silylation reactions under moderate conditions. These findings may facilitate the design of new catalysts for the dehydrogenative silylation of inactivated (hetero)arenes. We investigated the mechanism of the dehydrosilylation of (hetero)arenes and extended the scope of the silylation catalysts and substrates.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Du
- School of Life Science and Chemistry
- Jiangsu Second Normal University
- Nanjing 210013
- China
| | - Jiyang Zhao
- School of Environmental Science
- Nanjing Xiaozhuang University
- Nanjing 211171
- China
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27
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Dong Y, Takata Y, Yoshigoe Y, Sekine K, Kuninobu Y. Lewis acid-catalyzed synthesis of silafluorene derivatives from biphenyls and dihydrosilanes via a double sila-Friedel–Crafts reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13303-13306. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07692a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of silafluorene derivatives from aminobiphenyl compounds and dihydrosilanes via a double sila-Friedel–Crafts reaction using a borane catalyst has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Dong
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 816-8580
- Japan
| | - Yuta Takata
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 816-8580
- Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshigoe
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 816-8580
- Japan
| | - Kohei Sekine
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 816-8580
- Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 816-8580
| | - Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 816-8580
- Japan
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University
- Fukuoka 816-8580
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28
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Zhang J, Park S, Chang S. Catalytic Access to Bridged Sila- N-heterocycles from Piperidines via Cascade sp 3 and sp 2 C-Si Bond Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13209-13213. [PMID: 30269485 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Described herein is the development of an unprecedented route to bridged sila- N-heterocycles via B(C6F5)3-catalyzed cascade silylation of N-aryl piperidines with hydrosilanes. Mechanistic studies indicated that an outer-sphere ionic path is operative to involve three sequential catalytic steps having N-silyl piperidinium borohydride as a resting species: (i) dehydrogenation of the piperidine ring, (ii) β-selective hydrosilylation of a resultant enamine intermediate, and (iii) intramolecular dehydrogenative sp2 C-H silylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea.,Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Sehoon Park
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea.,Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea.,Department of Chemistry , Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141 , Korea
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29
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San HH, Wang SJ, Jiang M, Tang XY. Boron-Catalyzed O-H Bond Insertion of α-Aryl α-Diazoesters in Water. Org Lett 2018; 20:4672-4676. [PMID: 30033730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic, metal-free O-H bond insertion of α-diazoesters in water in the presence of B(C6F5)3· nH2O (2 mol %) was developed, affording a series of α-hydroxyesters in good to excellent yields. The reaction features easy operation and wide substrate scope, and importantly, no metal is needed as compared with the conventional methods. Significantly, this approach further expands the applications of B(C6F5)3 under water-tolerant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htet Htet San
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Jun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
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30
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Yang C, Wang J, Li J, Ma W, An K, He W, Jiang C. Visible-Light Induced Radical Silylation for the Synthesis of Dibenzosiloles via Dehydrogenative Cyclization. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing Jiangsu 210094 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Medicine and Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centers for Life Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Li
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing Jiangsu 210094 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenchao Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing Jiangsu 210094 People's Republic of China
| | - Kun An
- School of Medicine and Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centers for Life Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei He
- School of Medicine and Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centers for Life Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing Jiangsu 210094 People's Republic of China
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31
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Banerjee S, Vanka K. B(C6F5)3: Catalyst or Initiator? Insights from Computational Studies into Surrogate Silicon Chemistry. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b04489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhrashis Banerjee
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
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32
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Kinoshita H, Fukumoto H, Ueda A, Miura K. Syntheses of substituted benzosiloles and siloles by diisobutylaluminium hydride-promoted cyclization of 1-silyl-2-(2-silylethynyl)benzenes and 1,4-disilylalk-3-en-1-ynes. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Bähr S, Oestreich M. The electrophilic aromatic substitution approach to C–H silylation and C–H borylation. PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Several approaches toward electrophilic C–H silylation of electron-rich arenes are discussed, comprising transition-metal-catalyzed processes as well as Lewis-acid- and Brønsted-acid-induced protocols. These methods differ in the catalytic generation of the silicon electrophile but share proton removal in form of dihydrogen. With slight modifications, these methods are often also applicable to the related electrophilic C–H borylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bähr
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie , Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 115 , 10623 Berlin , Germany
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34
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Xu Z, Chai L, Liu ZQ. Free-Radical-Promoted Site-Selective C–H Silylation of Arenes by Using Hydrosilanes. Org Lett 2017; 19:5573-5576. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbao Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Li Chai
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhong-Quan Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State
Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, College
of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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35
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Shin K, Joung S, Kim Y, Chang S. Selective Synthesis of Silacycles by Borane-Catalyzed Domino Hydrosilylation of Proximal Unsaturated Bonds: Tunable Approach to 1,n-Diols. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwangmin Shin
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Seewon Joung
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Youyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization; Institute for Basic Science (IBS); Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea
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36
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Fang H, Hou W, Liu G, Huang Z. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Site-Selective Intramolecular Silylation of Primary C-H Bonds for Synthesis of Sila-Heterocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11601-11609. [PMID: 28745875 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating the silicon element into bioactive organic molecules has received increasing attention in medicinal chemistry. Moreover, organosilanes are valuable synthetic intermediates for fine chemicals and materials. Transition metal-catalyzed C-H silylation has become an important strategy for C-Si bond formations. However, despite the great advances in aromatic C(sp2)-H bond silylations, catalytic methods for aliphatic C(sp3)-H bond silylations are relatively rare. Here we report a pincer ruthenium catalyst for intramolecular silylations of various primary C(sp3)-H bonds adjacent to heteroatoms (O, N, Si, Ge), including the first intramolecular silylations of C-H bonds α to O, N, and Ge. This method provides a general, synthetically efficient approach to novel classes of Si-containing five-membered [1,3]-sila-heterocycles, including oxasilolanes, azasilolanes, disila-heterocycles, and germasilolane. The trend in the reactivity of five classes of C(sp3)-H bonds toward the Ru-catalyzed silylation is elucidated. Mechanistic studies indicate that the rate-determining step is the C-H bond cleavage involving a ruthenium silyl complex as the key intermediate, while a η2-silene ruthenium hydride species is determined to be an off-cycle intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaquan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- Key
Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lihui Zhu
- Key
Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Key
Laboratory for Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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38
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Ping L, Chung DS, Bouffard J, Lee SG. Transition metal-catalyzed site- and regio-divergent C–H bond functionalization. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4299-4328. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00064b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The regioselectivity of C–H functionalization reactions can be redirected to obtain regioisomeric products form the same starting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Ping
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science (BK 21 Plus)
- Ewha Womans University
- 03760 Seoul
- Korea
| | - Da Sol Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science (BK 21 Plus)
- Ewha Womans University
- 03760 Seoul
- Korea
| | - Jean Bouffard
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science (BK 21 Plus)
- Ewha Womans University
- 03760 Seoul
- Korea
| | - Sang-gi Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science (BK 21 Plus)
- Ewha Womans University
- 03760 Seoul
- Korea
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39
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Omann L, Oestreich M. Catalytic Access to Indole-Fused Benzosiloles by 2-Fold Electrophilic C–H Silylation with Dihydrosilanes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Omann
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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40
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Kim Y, Dateer RB, Chang S. Borane-Catalyzed Selective Hydrosilylation of Internal Ynamides Leading to β-Silyl (Z)-Enamides. Org Lett 2016; 19:190-193. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngchan Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ramesh B. Dateer
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Center
for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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41
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Elektrophile aromatische Substitution mit Siliciumelektrophilen: die katalytische Friedel‐Crafts‐C‐H‐Silylierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Bähr S, Oestreich M. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution with Silicon Electrophiles: Catalytic Friedel-Crafts C-H Silylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:52-59. [PMID: 27762042 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a fundamental reaction in synthetic chemistry. It converts C-H bonds of sufficiently nucleophilic arenes into C-X and C-C bonds using either stoichiometrically added or catalytically generated electrophiles. These reactions proceed through Wheland complexes, cationic intermediates that rearomatize by proton release. Hence, these high-energy intermediates are nothing but protonated arenes and as such strong Brønsted acids. The formation of protons is an issue in those rare cases where the electrophilic aromatic substitution is reversible. This situation arises in the electrophilic silylation of C-H bonds as the energy of the intermediate Wheland complex is lowered by the β-silicon effect. As a consequence, protonation of the silylated arene is facile, and the reverse reaction usually occurs to afford the desilylated arene. Several new approaches to overcome this inherent challenge of C-H silylation by SE Ar were recently disclosed, and this Minireview summarizes this progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Bähr
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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43
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Murai M, Okada R, Nishiyama A, Takai K. Synthesis and Properties of Sila[n]helicenes via Dehydrogenative Silylation of C-H Bonds under Rhodium Catalysis. Org Lett 2016; 18:4380-3. [PMID: 27513028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Use of a rhodium catalyst with (R)-(S)-BPPFA ligand allows efficient synthesis of sila[n]helicenes via dehydrogenative silylation of C-H bonds. By selecting the proper ligands, the current method provides the ability to prepare unsymmetrical sila[n]helicene derivatives without any oxidants. The resulting sila[6]helicene is a rare example of a five-membered ring-fused [6]helicene, which was isolated as a single pure enantiomer without substituents on the terminal benzene rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Murai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, and ‡Research Center of New Functional Materials for Energy Production, Storage and Transport, Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ryo Okada
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, and ‡Research Center of New Functional Materials for Energy Production, Storage and Transport, Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishiyama
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, and ‡Research Center of New Functional Materials for Energy Production, Storage and Transport, Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Takai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, and ‡Research Center of New Functional Materials for Energy Production, Storage and Transport, Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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44
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Bender TA, Dabrowski JA, Zhong H, Gagné MR. Diastereoselective B(C6F5)3-Catalyzed Reductive Carbocyclization of Unsaturated Carbohydrates. Org Lett 2016; 18:4120-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trandon A. Bender
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | | | - Hongyu Zhong
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Michel R. Gagné
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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45
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Murata M, Takizawa M, Sasaki H, Kohari Y, Sakagami H, Namikoshi T, Watanabe S. Synthesis of Dibenzosiloles via Platinum-catalyzed Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Cyclization of 2-(Dialkylsilyl)biaryls. CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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46
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Arii H, Nakabayashi K, Mochida K, Kawashima T. Intramolecular Chain Hydrosilylation of Alkynylphenylsilanes Using a Silyl Cation as a Chain Carrier. Molecules 2016; 21:E999. [PMID: 27490522 PMCID: PMC6273890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21080999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Diorganyl[2-(trimethylsilylethynyl)phenyl]silanes 1a-c and methyl-substituted phenylsilanes 1d and 1e were treated with a small amount of trityl tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (TPFPB) as an initiator in benzene to afford the corresponding benzosiloles (2a-e) in moderate to good yields. However, no reaction was observed for the reaction using [2-(1-hexynyl)phenyl]diisopropylsilane lf. The methyl substituent was tolerated under the reaction conditions and increased the yield of the corresponding benzosilole depending on the substitution position. From the result using 1f, the current reaction was found to require the trimethylsilyl group, which can stabilize intermediary alkenyl carbocations by the β-silyl effect. The current reaction can be considered an intramolecular chain hydrosilylation of alkynylarylsilanes involving silyl cations as chain carriers. Therefore, the silyl cations generated by hydride abstraction from hydrosilanes 1 with the trityl cation causes intramolecular electrophilic addition to the C-C triple bond to form ethenyl cations, which abstract a hydride from 1 to afford benzosiloles 2 with the regeneration of the silyl cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Arii
- Faculty of Education, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Miyazaki, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Nakabayashi
- Faculty of Education, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Miyazaki, Japan.
| | - Kunio Mochida
- Department of Chemistry, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, 171-8588 Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Kawashima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, 376-8515 Gunma, Japan.
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47
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Arii H, Yano Y, Nakabayashi K, Yamaguchi S, Yamamura M, Mochida K, Kawashima T. Regioselective and Stereospecific Dehydrogenative Annulation Utilizing Silylium Ion-Activated Alkenes. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6314-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Arii
- Faculty
of Education, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuto Yano
- Faculty
of Education, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nakabayashi
- Faculty
of Education, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Syuhei Yamaguchi
- Department
of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science
and Engineering, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577 Ehime, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamamura
- Graduate
School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571 Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kunio Mochida
- Department
of Chemistry, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, 171-8588 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawashima
- Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, 376-8515 Gunma, Japan
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48
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Shynkaruk O, Qi Y, Cottrell-Callbeck A, Torres Delgado W, McDonald R, Ferguson MJ, He G, Rivard E. Modular Synthesis of Diarylalkynes and Their Efficient Conversion into Luminescent Tetraarylbutadienes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Shynkaruk
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Yanyu Qi
- Frontier
Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710054, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiden Cottrell-Callbeck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - William Torres Delgado
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Gang He
- Frontier
Institute of Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province 710054, People’s Republic of China
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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49
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Chen QA, Klare HFT, Oestreich M. Brønsted Acid-Promoted Formation of Stabilized Silylium Ions for Catalytic Friedel-Crafts C-H Silylation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7868-71. [PMID: 27303857 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A counterintuitive approach to electrophilic aromatic substitution with silicon electrophiles is disclosed. A strong Brønsted acid that would usually promote the reverse reaction, i.e., protodesilylation, was found to initiate the C-H silylation of electron-rich (hetero)arenes with hydrosilanes. Protonation of the hydrosilane followed by liberation of dihydrogen is key to success, fulfilling two purposes: to generate the stabilized silylium ion and to remove the proton released from the Wheland intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-An Chen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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50
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Kato K, Kim JO, Yorimitsu H, Kim D, Osuka A. Triphenylsilane-fused Porphyrins. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:1738-46. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Jun Oh Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Hideki Yorimitsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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