1
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R Judge N, Logallo A, Hevia E. Main group metal-mediated strategies for C-H and C-F bond activation and functionalisation of fluoroarenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11617-11628. [PMID: 37920337 PMCID: PMC10619642 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03548d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With fluoroaromatic compounds increasingly employed as scaffolds in agrochemicals and active pharmaceutical ingredients, the development of methods which facilitate regioselective functionalisation of their C-H and C-F bonds is a frontier of modern synthesis. Along with classical lithiation and nucleophilic aromatic substitution protocols, the vast majority of research efforts have focused on transition metal-mediated transformations enabled by the redox versatilities of these systems. Breaking new ground in this area, recent advances in main group metal chemistry have delineated unique ways in which s-block, Al, Ga and Zn metal complexes can activate this important type of fluorinated molecule. Underpinned by chemical cooperativity, these advances include either the use of heterobimetallic complexes where the combined effect of two metals within a single ligand set enables regioselective low polarity C-H metalation; or the use of novel low valent main group metal complexes supported by special stabilising ligands to induce C-F bond activations. Merging these two different approaches, this Perspective provides an overview of the emerging concept of main-group metal mediated C-H/C-F functionalisation of fluoroarenes. Showcasing the untapped potential that these systems can offer in these processes; focus is placed on how special chemical cooperation is established and how the trapping of key reaction intermediates can inform mechanistic understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R Judge
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Logallo
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern Switzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern Switzerland
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2
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Advances in Catalytic C–F Bond Activation and Transformation of Aromatic Fluorides. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation and transformation of C–F bonds in fluoro-aromatics is a highly desirable process in organic chemistry. It provides synthetic methods/protocols for the generation of organic compounds possessing single or multiple C–F bonds, and effective catalytic systems for further study of the activation mode of inert chemical bonds. Due to the high polarity of the C–F bond and it having the highest bond energy in organics, C–F activation often faces considerable academic challenges. In this mini-review, the important research achievements in the activation and transformation of aromatic C–F bond, catalyzed by transition metal and metal-free systems, are presented.
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3
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Regioselective Transfer Hydrogenative Defluorination of Polyfluoroarenes Catalyzed by Bifunctional Azairidacycle. ORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/org3030012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic hydrodefluorination (HDF) with a bifunctional azairidacycle using HCOOK was examined for cyano- and chloro-substituted fluoroarenes, including penta- and tetrafluorobenzonitriles, tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile, tetrafluorophthalonitrile, 3-chloro-2,4,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine, and 4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine. The reaction was performed in the presence of a controlled amount of HCOOK with a substrate/catalyst ratio (S/C) of 100 in a 1:1 mixture of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and H2O at an ambient temperature of 30 °C to obtain partially fluorinated compounds with satisfactory regioselectivities. The C–F bond cleavage proceeded favorably at the para position of substituents other than fluorine, which is in consonance with the nucleophilic aromatic substitution mechanism. In the HDF of tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile and 4-cyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine, which do not contain a fluorine atom at the para position of the cyano group, the double defluorination occurred solely at the 2- and 5-positions, as confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The HDF of 3-chloro-2,4,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine gave preference to the C–F bond cleavage over the C–Cl bond cleavage, unlike the dehalogenation pathway via electron-transfer radical anion fragmentation. In addition, new azairidacycles with an electron-donating methoxy substituent on the C–N chelating ligand were synthesized and served as a catalyst precursor (0.2 mol%) for the transfer hydrogenative defluorination of pentafluoropyridine, leading to 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoropyridine with up to a turnover number (TON) of 418.
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4
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Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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5
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Fang H, He Q, Liu G, Huang Z. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydrodefluorination with Silane as the Directing and Reducing Group. Org Lett 2020; 22:9298-9302. [PMID: 33226823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe herein an efficient and selective Ru-catalyzed intramolecular HDF directed by a silyl group, which is readily installed, and removable and transformable following the HDF reaction. The hydrosilyl group in polyfluoroaryl silane acts not only as the directing group but also as the internal reductant, enabling precise control of the ortho-selectivity and avoiding overdefluorination. Mechanistic studies reveal a plausible catalytic cycle involving a Ru(IV)-aryne intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaquan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiaoxing He
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.,Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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6
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Rekhroukh F, Chen W, Brown RK, White AJP, Crimmin MR. Palladium-catalysed C-F alumination of fluorobenzenes: mechanistic diversity and origin of selectivity. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7842-7849. [PMID: 34094156 PMCID: PMC8163258 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01915a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A palladium pre-catalyst, [Pd(PCy3)2] is reported for the efficient and selective C–F alumination of fluorobenzenes with the aluminium(i) reagent [{(ArNCMe)2CH}Al] (1, Ar = 2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl). The catalytic protocol results in the transformation of sp2 C–F bonds to sp2 C–Al bonds and provides a route to reactive organoaluminium complexes (2a–h) from fluorocarbons. The catalyst is highly active. Reactions proceed within 5 minutes at 25 °C (and at appreciable rates at even −50 °C) and the scope includes low-fluorine-content substrates such as fluorobenzene, difluorobenzenes and trifluorobenzenes. The reaction proceeds with complete chemoselectivity (C–F vs. C–H) and high regioselectivities (>90% for C–F bonds adjacent to the most acidic C–H sites). The heterometallic complex [Pd(PCy3)(1)2] was shown to be catalytically competent. Catalytic C–F alumination proceeds with a KIE of 1.1–1.3. DFT calculations have been used to model potential mechanisms for C–F bond activation. These calculations suggest that two competing mechanisms may be in operation. Pathway 1 involves a ligand-assisted oxidative addition to [Pd(1)2] and leads directly to the product. Pathway 2 involves a stepwise C–H → C–F functionalisation mechanism in which the C–H bond is broken and reformed along the reaction coordinate, guiding the catalyst to an adjacent C–F site. This second mechanism explains the experimentally observed regioselectivity. Experimental support for this C–H activation playing a key role in C–F alumination was obtained by employing [{(MesNCMe)2CH}AlH2] (3, Mes = 2,4,6-tri-methylphenyl) as a reagent in place of 1. In this instance, the kinetic C–H alumination intermediate could be isolated. Under catalytic conditions this intermediate converts to the thermodynamic C–F alumination product. A palladium pre-catalyst, [Pd(PCy3)2] is reported for the efficient and selective C–F alumination of fluorobenzenes with the aluminium(i) reagent [{(ArNCMe)2CH}Al] (Ar = 2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Feriel Rekhroukh
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London 80 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Wenyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London 80 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Ryan K Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London 80 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London 80 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Mark R Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London 80 Wood Lane, Shepherds Bush London W12 0BZ UK
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7
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Gair JJ, Grey RL, Giroux S, Brodney MA. Palladium Catalyzed Hydrodefluorination of Fluoro-(hetero)arenes. Org Lett 2019; 21:2482-2487. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Gair
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Ronald L. Grey
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Simon Giroux
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| | - Michael A. Brodney
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc, 50 Northern Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
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8
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Liu Y, Li J, Ma X, Yang Z, Roesky HW. The chemistry of aluminum(I) with β-diketiminate ligands and pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-substituents: Synthesis, reactivity and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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9
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Lau S, White AJP, Casely IJ, Crimmin MR. Tunable Binding of Dinitrogen to a Series of Heterobimetallic Hydride Complexes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Lau
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Ian J. Casely
- Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading, RG4 9NH, U.K
| | - Mark R. Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
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10
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Matsunami A, Kayaki Y, Kuwata S, Ikariya T. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution in Hydrodefluorination Exemplified by Hydridoiridium(III) Complexes with Fluorinated Phenylsulfonyl-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine Ligands. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Matsunami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-E4-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kayaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-E4-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kuwata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-E4-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takao Ikariya
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1-E4-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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11
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Chen W, Hooper TN, Ng J, White AJP, Crimmin MR. Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbon–Fluorine and Carbon–Hydrogen Bond Alumination of Fluoroarenes and Heteroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London South Kensington London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Thomas N. Hooper
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London South Kensington London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Jamues Ng
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London South Kensington London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London South Kensington London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Mark R. Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London South Kensington London SW7 2AZ UK
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12
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Chen W, Hooper TN, Ng J, White AJP, Crimmin MR. Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbon–Fluorine and Carbon–Hydrogen Bond Alumination of Fluoroarenes and Heteroarenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:12687-12691. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London South Kensington London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Thomas N. Hooper
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London South Kensington London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Jamues Ng
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London South Kensington London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London South Kensington London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Mark R. Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London South Kensington London SW7 2AZ UK
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13
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Cybulski MK, Nicholls JE, Lowe JP, Mahon MF, Whittlesey MK. Catalytic Hydrodefluorination of Fluoroarenes Using Ru(IMe4)2L2H2 (IMe4 = 1,3,4,5-Tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene; L2 = (PPh3)2, dppe, dppp, dppm) Complexes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz K. Cybulski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Jessica E. Nicholls
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - John P. Lowe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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14
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Ekkert O, White AJP, Crimmin MR. Stereoisomerism of bis(σ-Zincane) Complexes: Evidence for an Intramolecular Pathway. Chemistry 2017; 23:5682-5686. [PMID: 28334469 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The first bis(σ-zincane) complexes, heterotri- metallic species [M(CO)4 (η2 -HZnBDI)2 ], have been prepared (BDI=κ2 -{2,6-(iPr)2 C6 H3 NCMe}2 CH). For M=Cr, a single stereoisomer is observed in solution and the solid-state. For M=Mo and W, cis and trans isomers were found to reversibly interconvert at 297 K. Despite the huge steric demands of the ligand on zinc, the cis isomer was found to be the most thermodynamically stable in all cases. The activation parameters for the isomerisation when M=Mo are ΔH≠ =20.8 kcal mol-1 and ΔS≠ =-12.8 cal K-1 mol-1 . In combination with DFT calculations, the negative activation entropy suggests an intramolecular rotation mechanism for isomerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ekkert
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mark R Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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15
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Chen T, Liu P, Lee H, Wu F, Chen KH‐C. Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes with Ligand Effects on the Catalytic C–H Bond Activation of Toluene. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsun‐Ren Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Pingtung University No. 4–18, Minsheng Rd. 90003 Pingtung City Pingtung County Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Chun Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Pingtung University No. 4–18, Minsheng Rd. 90003 Pingtung City Pingtung County Taiwan
| | - Hsiu‐Pen Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Pingtung University No. 4–18, Minsheng Rd. 90003 Pingtung City Pingtung County Taiwan
| | - Fang‐Siou Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Pingtung University No. 4–18, Minsheng Rd. 90003 Pingtung City Pingtung County Taiwan
| | - Kelvin H. ‐C. Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry National Pingtung University No. 4–18, Minsheng Rd. 90003 Pingtung City Pingtung County Taiwan
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16
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Cybulski MK, McKay D, Macgregor SA, Mahon MF, Whittlesey MK. Room Temperature Regioselective Catalytic Hydrodefluorination of Fluoroarenes with
trans
‐[Ru(NHC)
4
H
2
] through a Concerted Nucleophilic Ru−H Attack Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1515-1519. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David McKay
- Institute of Chemical SciencesHeriot Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| | | | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
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17
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Butler MJ, Crimmin MR. Magnesium, zinc, aluminium and gallium hydride complexes of the transition metals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1348-1365. [PMID: 28070586 PMCID: PMC5777540 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05702k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The preparation and applications of heterobimetallic complexes continue to occupy researchers in the fields of organometallic, main group, and coordination chemistry. This interest stems from the promise these complexes hold as precursors to materials, reagents in synthesis and as new catalysis. Here we survey and organise the state-of-the-art understanding of the TM-H-M linkage (M = Mg, Zn, Al, Ga). We discuss the structure and bonding in these complexes, their known reactivity, and their largely unrealised potential in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Butler
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Mark R Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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18
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Cybulski MK, McKay D, Macgregor SA, Mahon MF, Whittlesey MK. Room Temperature Regioselective Catalytic Hydrodefluorination of Fluoroarenes withtrans-[Ru(NHC)4H2] through a Concerted Nucleophilic Ru−H Attack Pathway. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David McKay
- Institute of Chemical Sciences; Heriot Watt University; Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| | - Stuart A. Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences; Heriot Watt University; Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry; University of Bath; Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
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19
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Pike SD, Crimmin MR, Chaplin AB. Organometallic chemistry using partially fluorinated benzenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:3615-3633. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09575e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorobenzenes, in particular fluorobenzene (FB) and 1,2-difluorobenzene (1,2-DiFB), are versatile solvents for conducting organometallic chemistry and transition-metal-based catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark R. Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
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20
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Bakewell C, White AJP, Crimmin MR. Addition of Carbon-Fluorine Bonds to a Mg(I)-Mg(I) Bond: An Equivalent of Grignard Formation in Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12763-12766. [PMID: 27636244 PMCID: PMC5135227 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Addition
of the carbon–fluorine bond of a series of perfluorinated
and polyfluorinated arenes across the Mg–Mg bond of a simple
coordination complex proceeds rapidly in solution. The reaction results
in the formation of a new carbon–magnesium bond and a new fluorine–magnesium
bond and is analogous to Grignard formation in homogeneous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Bakewell
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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21
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Matsunami A, Kuwata S, Kayaki Y. Hydrodefluorination of Fluoroarenes Using Hydrogen Transfer Catalysts with a Bifunctional Iridium/NH Moiety. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Matsunami
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-E4-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kuwata
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-E4-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kayaki
- Department
of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-E4-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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22
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Wenz J, Rettenmeier CA, Wadepohl H, Gade LH. Catalytic C–F bond activation of geminal difluorocyclopropanes by nickel(i) complexes via a radical mechanism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:202-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08950f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nickel(ii) fluorido complexes bearing NNN-pincer ligands were found to be catalysts in the hydrodefluorination of geminal difluorocyclopropanes which undergo ring-opening to form the corresponding monofluoroalkenes in good yield and high Z-selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wenz
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- University of Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | | | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- University of Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Lutz H. Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- University of Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
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23
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Ekkert O, White AJP, Toms H, Crimmin MR. Addition of aluminium, zinc and magnesium hydrides to rhodium(iii). Chem Sci 2015; 6:5617-5622. [PMID: 28757949 PMCID: PMC5510526 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc01309g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the addition of M-H bonds (M = Al, Zn, Mg) to a Rh(iii) intermediate generated from the reductive elimination of triethylsilane from [Cp*Rh(H)2(SiEt3)2]. A series of new heterobimetallic complexes possessing Rh-M bonds have been isolated and characterised by a number of spectroscopic (1H, 29Si, 13C, 103Rh NMR, infrared, and X-ray diffraction) and computational techniques (NBO and QTAIM analysis). Experimental and computational data are consistent with cleavage of the M-H bond upon addition to rhodium with formation of new Rh-M and Rh-H bonds. Upon photolysis the Al analogue of this series undergoes a further elimination reaction producing triethylsilane and a highly unusual Rh2Al2H4 containing cluster proposed to contain an Al(i) bridging ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ekkert
- Department , of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department , of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
| | - Harold Toms
- The School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Queen Mary, University of London , Mile End Road , London E1 4NS , UK
| | - Mark R Crimmin
- Department , of Chemistry , Imperial College London , South Kensington , London , SW7 2AZ , UK .
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24
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Crimmin MR, Butler MJ, White AJP. Oxidative addition of carbon-fluorine and carbon-oxygen bonds to Al(I). Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15994-6. [PMID: 26389715 PMCID: PMC4621529 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07140b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Addition of fluoroarenes, fluoroalkanes or benzofuran to [{(2,6-iPr2C6H3NCMe)2CH}Al] results in facile oxidative addition of either a C–F or C–O bond to the Al(i) centre.
Addition of fluoroarenes, fluoroalkanes or benzofuran to [{(2,6-iPr2C6H3NCMe)2CH}Al] results in facile oxidative addition of either a C–F or C–O bond to the Al(i) centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Crimmin
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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25
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Wang L, Sun H, Li X. Synthesis of Iron Hydrides by Selective C-F/C-H Bond Activation in Fluoroarylimines and Their Applications in Catalytic Reduction Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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26
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Cybulski MK, Riddlestone IM, Mahon MF, Woodman TJ, Whittlesey MK. Stoichiometric and catalytic C–F bond activation by the trans-dihydride NHC complex [Ru(IEt2Me2)2(PPh3)2H2] (IEt2Me2= 1,3-diethyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene). Dalton Trans 2015; 44:19597-605. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01996f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple catalytic hydrodefluorination steps take place with thetrans-dihydride complex [Ru(IEt2Me2)2(PPh3)2H2] (1), taking C6F6to tri-, di- and mono-fluorobenzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
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